RU232467U1 - Volumetric reinforced concrete block for housing construction with flexible apartment layout - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to construction from volumetric reinforced concrete blocks, which are used for house building. A volumetric reinforced concrete block for house building, including at least one opening in a vertical wall face, along the entire length and height of the internal volume of the block, intended for blocking this block with neighboring blocks, to form a common space with them, without sections of walls and lintels protruding from the single plane of the ceiling and walls of this common space of blocks, in the plane of this blocking face, the block consists of a solid prestressed floor and at least two adjacent walls intersecting with each other to form a common vertical rib.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to construction from volumetric reinforced concrete blocks, which are used for house building.

A known reinforced concrete volumetric block-room in the form of a cube, in which there are three wall panels with openings for doors and windows, one panel for connection with the next block, with a floor slab and a ceiling slab.

The disadvantages of this solution are the presence of piers and lintels in the wall panel for connection with the next block, which will not allow creating a common room on the border of two adjacent blocks with walls and ceilings in the same plane, without piers and lintels. The presence of a floor and ceiling slab in the block, after their installation, provides double floor and ceiling structures in the building, which causes their increased height, increased steel consumption for their mutual fixation and increased labor intensity during installation, in comparison with the panel scheme of the building (SU 1798454 A1, column 2, paragraph 2).

There are known reinforced concrete volumetric block-rooms in the form of a “cap” or “glass”, having four walls (http://www.gr-stroyka.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=44:2010-04-29-14-04-50&catid=2:2010-02-18-21-44-28&Itemid=3; Fig. 13.3, “e”, “g”).

The disadvantage of this solution of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks is the lack of flexibility in changing apartment layouts.

A monolithic reinforced concrete volumetric module with a width of 4 to 7.5 meters is known, which can have the dimensions of an apartment (invention RU No. 2715781).

The disadvantage of this solution is the large transport dimensions and the large weight of a single monolithic reinforced concrete volumetric module, which limits the scope of its application. Also, the large height of the total floor, consisting of a 250 mm high floor and a 210 mm high ceiling structure, which in total is 460 mm (SP 501.1325800.2021; clause 7.5.1.3; Fig. 7.12, 7.13), while the solid floor slab has a height of 160 mm.

A combination of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks "cap" of the Italian company "OLMET" is known, in which one block has two short walls parallel to each other, and the second block in addition to two short walls has one long wall perpendicular to them. From these blocks, apartments are assembled without load-bearing interior walls, the load-bearing walls are located along the perimeter of the apartment (https://youtu.be/itV-IJXqJ7g).

The disadvantage of these volumetric blocks is that the floor slab has a limited span due to the lack of prestressed reinforcement, also two short walls parallel to each other with a standard solid floor thickness of 160 mm will have a wall-to-floor connection node that is insufficient in strength to withstand transport and installation loads.

A volumetric reinforced concrete block of the “lying glass” type is known, which is manufactured using a core extracted from the side of the smaller width of the block after the concrete has gained strength.

The disadvantage of these volumetric blocks is the lack of flexible layouts in houses using them. A volumetric block is the size of a room, so the rooms have a small area (http://zaoobd.ru/).

A volumetric reinforced concrete block with a precast-monolithic floor is known, where hollow-core floor slabs are used as precast products. This volumetric reinforced concrete block makes it possible to build houses with apartments of various types, different areas and layouts, i.e. it is intended for housing construction with flexible apartment planning (patent for utility model RU 218225).

The disadvantage of this solution is the large thickness of the hollow-core slab, which leads to an increase in the height of the block and creates inconvenience during its transportation by car. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is often necessary to reduce the height of the housing (floor-ceiling). In addition, to level the uneven surface of precast hollow-core slabs, a screed is necessarily laid on top of the floor, which additionally increases the overall thickness of the floor. The floor corridors of the building have small spans, within two meters, where a prestressed slab of a greater height is not needed at all, and solid slabs of a smaller thickness of 120-160 mm are used to cover the floor corridors. To level the floor in the apartment and the floor corridor, an additional layer of monolithic concrete is used in the latter, which leads to an increase in construction labor intensity. Also, a hollow-core slab as part of the block floor provides for mandatory two-stage production. First, a precast slab is produced, and then a precast-monolithic block floor is made with its use as part of the floor. This volumetric block is a prototype.

The technical result, the solution of which is the aim of the declared utility model, is the creation of a volumetric reinforced concrete block for the construction of houses with apartments of various types, various areas and layouts, i.e. for the device for house building with flexible apartment layout, with a comfortable, maximum possible room height.

The technical result is achieved by using a prestressed solid floor slab, which, in comparison with other prestressed ribbed and hollow slabs, has the smallest section height, in spans of up to six and a half meters, which are widely used in multi-story housing, which allows increasing the height of the room, due to the reduction in the thickness of the floor. But, due to the fact that we reduced the height of the floor, we accordingly reduced the strength of the section of the joint of the floor with the block wall, therefore, in the version of the joint of a separate wall with the floor, this joint will not perceive dynamic loads arising during road transportation and installation of the block, with the direction of the force vector from the plane of the face, having the dimensions of the width and height of the wall panel. Accordingly, the required strength and crack resistance are not achieved in this joint. To eliminate this problem, a mandatory condition is the presence of an additional adjacent wall (partition), to the load-bearing wall, with their joint with each other, with the formation of a block rib, this joint ensures the rigidity of the wall structures in the block, with a thickness of a solid prestressed floor of 160 mm. The additional wall may not be the entire length or width of the block, but only part of it, it may have an opening, it may have the form of a buttress.

The design of the block with a prestressed solid floor slab and the presence of a joint between the walls ensures the maximum possible height of the room and a variety of apartment layouts, due to the presence of a joint edge of the block with an open opening across the entire width and height of the block, this joint edge allows combining the internal spaces of two blocks into one large room, with floors and walls in the same plane. In this case, the configuration of the block depends on the version of the applied system of volumetric block housing construction.

Option one, the so-called "lying glass" block, with a separate external panel (Fig. 4). The installation plan (Fig. 4) shows an apartment layout of two one-room apartments of different areas and one two-room apartment. These apartments consist of volumetric blocks 2 (Fig. 3, "a"), 3 (Fig. 2, "a"), 4 (Fig. 2, "b", mirror image), a separate prefabricated element of the external panel 1 (Fig. 3, "c").

Options two and three, a "glass" block with an external panel as part of the block (Fig. 5). The installation plan (Fig. 5) shows an apartment layout of two one-room apartments and two two-room apartments. These apartments consist of volumetric blocks 5 (Fig. 1, "b"), 6 (Fig. 1, "d"), 7 (Fig. 2, "g", mirror image).

A volumetric reinforced concrete block (floor) can change the basic length and width, and when blocking this block with similar blocks, they create the total volume of the apartment premises. The required area and configuration of the apartment are achieved by changing the length and width of the block and their number in the apartment. Zoning of the apartment into rooms is carried out by partitions, which also increases the options for possible apartment layouts. At the same time, due to the use of a prestressed solid floor slab, the height of the room increases.

Thus, using these two blocks (Fig. 1, "b"; Fig. 3, "a") it is possible to assemble residential units in the form of one rectangular room, with a maximum total area equal to 28 ^m2 (Fig. 4, 5; 1K), with dimensions of the block area of 6 meters by 2.4 meters (width); 39 ^m2 with a width of 3.3 meters and 43.2 ^m2 with a block width of 3.6 meters.

Fig. 6 (section 1-1) shows the design of a volumetric block. The prestressed floor (8) has prestressed reinforcement (9). The wall of the block (10) has reinforcement (13), as well as anchor reinforcement (11), (12) with its introduction into the body of the floor (8) for anchoring and for their joint work with the floor. In this version (Fig. 6), a monolithic design of a volumetric block is shown, when the floor and walls are concreted sequentially. The volumetric block can also be manufactured in a precast-monolithic version, when either the floor (8) or the walls (10) are made of monolithic concrete, and the corresponding walls or the floor, respectively, are prefabricated, prefabricated with reinforcement outlets that are inserted into the monolithic concrete of the walls or floor, while the prefabricated wall panels are fixed in the conductor in the design position, as part of the volumetric block, with the formation of a common vertical rib with the adjacent wall panel and are additionally connected to each other with embedded parts. These blocks can also be completely made of prefabricated wall panels and a floor slab.

In the drawings:

- Fig. 1. shows volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with at least two intersecting walls and more of the “cap” and “glass” type, with and without cantilever slab sections;

- Fig. 2. shows volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with two or more walls, of the “glass” type;

- Fig. 3 shows volumetric reinforced concrete blocks without external panels and individual external panels joined to volumetric blocks in factory conditions or during the installation of buildings;

- Fig. 4 shows an example of the layout of a typical floor fragment with installation plans of volumetric blocks with external panels in the form of separate elements (Option No. 1);

- Fig. 5. shows an example of the layout of a typical floor fragment in two versions (No. 2 and No. 3), with installation plans of volumetric blocks with external panels as part of the blocks;

- Fig. 6. shows the joint of a prestressed solid floor slab with wall panels of a volumetric reinforced concrete block; the joint of the blocks above and below with each other is also shown.

The technology of manufacturing volumetric reinforced concrete blocks, depending on their type - "cup" or "cap", will differ in the factory priority of the sequence of concreting of one or another element in the composition of the volumetric block. And if there is additional technological equipment in the form of a tilter, the technology of manufacturing volumetric blocks of the "cap" or "cup" type will not differ.

Fig. 1 shows possible variants of volumetric blocks: of the "cap" type ("a", "c"); of the "glass" type ("b", "g", "d"); with three walls ("a" - "g"); with four walls ("d"); with cantilever slab sections ("c", "g"), using which it is possible to organize balconies in buildings and to cover the floor corridors of buildings; adjacent walls of blocks have common vertical ribs, the floor is continuous prestressed.

Fig. 2 shows possible variants of volumetric blocks: "glass" type ("a", "b", "c", "d"); with three walls ("c"); with two walls ("a", "b"); with four walls ("d"); with two blocking planes ("a" - "d"); adjacent walls of blocks have common vertical ribs, the floor is solid prestressed.

Fig. 3 shows volumetric blocks of the "glass" type ("a") and the "cap" type ("b"), with two walls, as well as a separate external panel ("c"). These assembly elements are used during the assembly of buildings according to option No. 1 (Fig. 4), when it is necessary to increase the size of the volumetric block, with a small lifting capacity of the assembly crane, adjacent walls of the blocks have common vertical ribs, the floor is solid prestressed.

Fig. 4 shows the installation plan of the floors of a residential building made of volumetric blocks in variant No. 1, where flexible apartment layout is ensured by using two types of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks for house building, of the "glass" type or the "cap" type, with a comfortable, maximum possible room height due to the use of a flat prestressed floor. These are blocks with two adjacent walls (Fig. 4, pos. 2, pos. 3, pos. 4; Fig. 2, "a", "b"; Fig. 3, "a", "b"). The external walls (Fig. 4, pos. 1; Fig. 3, “c”) according to this variant are manufactured separately and installed in the building also separately, and the external panel can have a length equal to either the width of one volumetric block or a length equal to the width of two or three volumetric blocks, or the length of the panel can be equal to the distance between the partitions of the apartment, which reduces the number of vertical joints of the external panels inside the apartment and, accordingly, reduces the labor intensity of the building installation.

Fig. 5 shows the installation plan of the floors of a residential building made of volumetric blocks in variants No. 2 and No. 3, where flexible apartment layout is ensured by using two types of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks for house building, the “glass” type or the “cap” type, with a comfortable, maximum possible room height due to the use of a flat prestressed floor. These are blocks with three and four walls (Fig. 5, pos. 5, pos. 6, pos. 7; Fig. 1, “a”, “b”, “d”; Fig. 2, “g”). The load-bearing capacity of the blocks, of all three shown variants of installation plans, is ensured by the presence in their composition of a prestressed flat floor, which ensures a two- and three-sided support scheme for the block floors, and the transport and installation rigidity of the volumetric blocks, with a small cross-sectional height of the junction of the walls with the floor, is ensured by the presence of adjacent walls with common vertical ribs.

Fig. 6 shows section 1-1 of a volumetric block, in the section we see the connection node of the prestressed flat floor (8) of the volumetric block with the wall (10). The floor (8) has prestressed reinforcement (9), the wall (10) has reinforcement (13), at the joint of the floor with the wall there are reinforcement releases (11), (12), which ensure the joint operation of the wall (10) and the floor (8) of the volumetric block at their joint with each other in the monolithic and precast-monolithic versions of block production. In the precast version of block production, releases (11), (12) are absent, their function is performed by embedded and connecting parts.

The utility model for manufacturing a monolithic volumetric block of the "glass" type according to Variants No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 of the assembly plans (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) is carried out as follows: on a horizontal surface, the side formwork of the monolithic floor slab of the required dimensions is set up, into which the slab reinforcement and wall outlets are laid and fixed, the reinforcement is tensioned with the force being transferred to the force stops of the form or stand, or channel void formers are laid for subsequent tensioning of the reinforcement with the force being transferred to the concrete, the floor slab is filled with concrete. After which the formwork and wall reinforcement are installed, and the walls are concreted.

In the case of prefabricated walls, they are installed in a conductor and the reinforcement outlets of the wall panels are brought into the monolithic floor area, where they are fixed, after which the floor is reinforced and concreted, forming a single volumetric block. In the case of prefabricated floors and monolithic walls, it is the other way around.

The production of a volumetric block in a prefabricated version is its assembly in a jig, using embedded and connecting parts.

The production of similar volumetric blocks of the “cap” type is carried out in a different sequence: first the walls are reinforced and concreted, and then the precast monolithic floor is concreted.

If molding equipment is available, these volumetric blocks can be manufactured at any reinforced concrete plant, KPD, OBD.

Also, “glass” type blocks (Fig. 1, “b”, “d”; Fig. 2, “b”; Fig. 3, “a”, “b”) can be produced on molding machines of existing technological lines designed for the production of volumetric “lying glass” type blocks.

Claims (4)

1. A volumetric reinforced concrete block for house building, including at least one opening in a vertical wall face along the entire length and height of the internal volume of the block, intended for blocking this block with adjacent blocks to form a common space with them without sections of walls and lintels protruding from the single plane of the ceiling and walls of this common space of blocks in the plane of this blocking face, characterized in that the block consists of a solid prestressed floor and at least two adjacent walls intersecting with each other to form a common vertical edge. 2. A volumetric reinforced concrete block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the prestressed floor and walls of the block are made monolithic and prefabricated. 3. A volumetric reinforced concrete block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the block is made of the “glass” or “cap” type. 4. A volumetric reinforced concrete block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the prestressed floor has a continuation in the form of a cantilever slab on any side of the block beyond the dimensions of the walls of the volumetric block to form balconies and loggias, floors of apartment and floor corridors, halls.

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