RU2321811C2 - Pneumatic underwater gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pneumatic weapon, applicable in pneumatic arbalest.

SUBSTANCE: the pneumatic underwater gun has a body, receiver, pneumatic breechblock, barrel, operating piston, sear and drop-line lever and a handle installed for axial motion, the pneumatic breechblock is installed with the working stroke in the shot direction and is provided with a back stroke fixing stop and a restrictor of the working stroke in the shot direction. The pneumatic breechblock is coupled by means of the larger-section piston to the barrel cavity, by means of the smaller-section piston-to the intake space. The trigger sear is made in the form of a piston and installed in a through duct of the body linked with the receiver cavity and the intake space. The working piston is provided with a water-removing ring and a vacuum collar. The sealing collar of the working piston is installed for axial motion in an annular groove whose exterior surface is coupled to the barrel cavity through a duct. A ratchet wheel is installed in the handle, it is linked with the hammer and a tie-rod, is provided with stops corresponding to the angle of attack of the ratchet wheel stop. The harpoon is made in the form of a polyhedral prism, whose bases are turned at and angle relative to one another. The tip is provided with a dagger-type blade with a double-edged sharpening, the blade width exceeds the tip diameter by 1.1-3 times.

EFFECT: improved operating characteristic, enhanced safety of operation and efficiency of use of the shot power and target hitting.

2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pneumatic weapons and can be used in pneumatic crossbows.

Known pneumatic underwater gun company "mares" Italy, containing a barrel, receiver, harpoon of circular cross section, equipped with a tip, the front part of which is made in the form of a cone, a reset-line lever associated with the trigger (1).

Known pneumatic underwater gun "Kayuk" Belarus, containing a barrel with a working piston located in it, in the annular groove of which is installed a sealing cuff, receiver, reset-line lever associated with the trigger, a harpoon of circular cross section equipped with a tip, the front of which is made in in the form of a cone or a multifaceted pyramid (2).

Known pneumatic underwater gun containing a muzzle, housing, receiver, air lock made in the form of two interconnected pistons of different sections with a built-in check valve with a stroke, the opposite direction of the shot, the barrel, in the end of which there are wedge-shaped grooves, a working piston, in an annular groove of which a sealing collar is installed, a whisper and a reset-line lever associated with an air lock, a handle mounted with the possibility of axial movement, containing a trigger associated with the rod , a harpoon of circular cross section, equipped with a tip, the front of which is made in the form of a cone or a multifaceted pyramid (3) - a prototype.

The reasons that impede the receipt of a technical result, which are provided by the invention:

- for pumping a gun with compressed air using a harpoon and a working piston, it is necessary to unscrew the muzzle from the stop, and after pumping to the desired pressure, set the muzzle in its previous position, which causes inconvenience in operation and reduces the operational characteristics of the gun;

- a platoon of a pneumatic lock in a starting position is made by the separate movement with use of muscular force that reduces operational characteristics of the gun;

- the sear is in contact with the intake water, while the return of the sear to its original position is ensured by a mechanical return spring, which causes increased corrosion of the trigger mechanism parts and reduces the operational characteristics of the gun;

- the design of the trigger device does not provide the possibility of axial adjustment of the handle of the gun on the receiver, which reduces the operational characteristics of the gun;

- operation of the gun is allowed if the maximum permissible pressure of compressed air in the receiver is exceeded, which reduces the safety of operation;

- with a slight curvature of the harpoon, the accuracy of the shot decreases, since the harpoon moves along a parabola from the aiming axis, which reduces the accuracy of fire;

- during acceleration of the working piston, solid particles falling into the gap between the outer surface of the working piston and the inner surface of the barrel leave scuffs on the inner surface of the barrel, which reduces the quality of the barrel and leads to an increase in resistance and, accordingly, to a decrease in the power of the shot;

- energy from harpoon-line tension, spent during its laying, is not used;

- when shooting large fish, due to the elasticity and strength of the scales, a significant part of the harpoon’s energy when passing the tip through the scales is spent on forming (riveting) a section of the hole in the scales to the section of the harpoon’s tip, which reduces the efficiency of harpoon’s energy use when hitting a target, except In addition, when piercing a fish carcass, the harpoon tip extends the muscle tissue and nerve endings to the diameter of the tip, which reduces the effectiveness of immobilizing the target.

Object of the invention

1. To improve performance for which:

- to exclude operations with a muzzle when pumping a gun with compressed air;

- to exclude a separate movement with the use of muscle strength to cock the air lock to its original position;

- to exclude contact of the sear of the trigger device with intake water;

- to exclude the presence of a mechanical spring to return the sear to its original position;

- to provide the possibility of axial adjustment of the handle of the gun on the receiver.

2. To increase the safety of operation, for which to exclude the possibility of operating a gun when exceeding the maximum allowable pressure of compressed air in the receiver.

3. To increase the efficiency of using the power of the shot and the effectiveness of hitting the target, for which:

- use the energy from the harpoon-line tension, spent during its laying, to disperse the harpoon;

- reduce the likelihood of solid particles in the gap between the outer surface of the working piston and the inner surface of the barrel;

- improve the accuracy of fire;

- improve the energy efficiency of the harpoon when hitting a target.

This task is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic underwater gun containing: a body, a receiver, an air lock made in the form of two interconnected pistons of various sections with a built-in non-return valve, a barrel with wedge-shaped grooves in its end part, a working piston, in an annular groove which has a sealing cuff, a sear and a reset-line lever associated with a pneumatic lock, a handle mounted with axial movement, containing a trigger associated with the rod, and a harpoon with a tip: the evacuation lock is installed with a stroke in the direction of the shot and equipped with a stop for fixing the reverse stroke and a stroke limiter in the direction of the shot, while the pneumatic lock is connected by a piston of a larger section to the cavity of the barrel, a piston of a smaller section with an intake space, and the sear of the trigger is made in the form of a piston and installed in the through channel of the housing associated with the cavity of the receiver and the intake space, the working piston is equipped with a water ring and a vacuum cuff, while the sealing cuff is working of the piston is installed with the possibility of axial movement in the annular groove, the outer surface of which is connected by a channel with the barrel cavity, the reciprocating pneumatic lock, a ratchet connected to the trigger and the thrust is installed in the handle, while the thrust is equipped with stops that are reciprocal to the angle of attack of the ratchet stop, the harpoon is made in the form a multifaceted prism with an angle of rotation of the bases relative to each other, the front of the tip is made in the form of a dagger-type blade with double-edged sharpening, while the width of the blade is 1.1-3 times the diameter of the blade nefnik.

In order to check the operation of the trigger device before charging the gun with a harpoon, the reset-line lever can act as a lever for controlling the air lock.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic underwater gun with cocked position air lock, in the context. Figure 2 shows a pneumatic underwater gun in the context, with a maximum working stroke of the air lock. Figure 3 shows the position of the sections of the harpoon when the bases are rotated relative to each other by 30 °. Figure 4 shows examples of the execution of the cross section of the harpoon. Figure 5 shows the plot of the forces acting on the stop ratchet with an angle of attack α. Figure 6 shows the socket, the reciprocal of the piston of a larger cross-section of the air lock, in the context. Figure 7 shows: air lock, sear and slider trigger device. On Fig shows a variant of mounting the handle of the gun to the receiver in section. In Fig.9 shows a blade tip in the context.

Pneumatic underwater gun figure 1, figure 2 contains: body 1, which is connected to the barrel 2 and the muzzle 3, the working piston 4, the receiver 5, equipped with a valve for pressure relief (not shown conventionally), a handle 6 with the trigger 7 and ratchet 8 , thrust 9, harpoon 10, equipped with a tip 11, stabilizer 12, stabilizer spring 13 and butt pad 14. In the muzzle, a central through hole is made that is opposite to the harpoon butt pad 14 and radial channels for water overflow. On the inner end of the barrel there are wedge-shaped grooves connected with the vacuum cuff of the working piston 19. In the rear of the barrel there is a socket 15 with an internal channel that responds to the larger section of the air lock piston. On the inner end part of the channel of the socket 15, grooves 16 are made (Fig. 6). In the working piston 4 there is a central blind hole corresponding to the threaded end of the harpoon, as well as a radial hole 17 corresponding to the stem 45 of the harpoon plate. The working piston 4 is equipped with a water-lifting ring 18, a vacuum cuff 19 and a sealing cuff 20. The sealing cuff is installed in the annular groove of the working piston with the possibility of axial movement by a value of "a". A channel 22 is made in the piston, connecting the outer surface of the annular groove with the barrel cavity. In the housing 1 there are: an air lock 23, a sear 24, a slider 25, a nut 26, a sleeve 27, a spring 28, a reset-line lever 29. The air lock 23 is installed with a larger piston 31 in the channel of the socket 15, and a smaller piston 32 in the channel, associated with the intake space, with a maximum value of the stroke "b" in the direction of the shot (figure 2). The air lock is equipped with a fixed stop in the cocked position, made in the form of an annular groove 33, and a backstop fixation stop, made in the form of an annular groove 34, connected with the slider 25. The check valve 35 is made in the form of an elastic cuff covering radial channels connected to the central channel associated with the cavity of the trunk. In the rear part of the air lock, a stroke limiter is installed in the direction of the shot 36, which, together with the nut 26, by means of the sleeve 27, controls the size of the stroke of the air lock "b". The sear 24 is installed in the through channel of the housing and is made in the form of a piston equipped with a sealing collar 30 and a groove inverse to the slider 25 with a stroke C + D, while the sear is connected with the cavity of the receiver and the intake space. A groove is made in the back of the sear to connect with the thrust stop 9. The nut 26 is connected by screws (not shown conventionally) to the sleeve 27. On the outer surface of the case there is a scale for adjusting the power of the shot 39 associated with the sleeve 27 (1 - maximum battle, 2 - medium battle, 3 - safe discharge, 4 - fuse) (figure 2). A smooth harpoon exit from the barrel during safe discharge is ensured by the grooves 16 made in the slot 15. The harpoon line ejector 29 is connected to the pneumatic trap by a complex kinematic pair and acts as a control lever for the pneumatic trap to check the operation of the trigger device before the gun is loaded with a harpoon. The handle is attached to the receiver with screws 40 (Fig. 8) with the possibility of axial movement. The trigger 7 is connected to a ratchet 8, which is connected to the rod by a detachable connection. Grooves 41 are made on the thrust surface, which are opposite to the angle of attack α of the ratchet stop. Spring 40 ensures that the ratchet stop is pressed against the rod with a force Fpr (Fig. 5). For the clutch connector of the stop lever of the ratchet 8 with a draft groove 41, a through hole 42 is made in the handle. Clamps 43 with guide rails are installed on the receiver. The harpoon 10 is made in the form of a hexagonal prism with an angle of rotation of the bases along the length of the harpoon 30 ° (figure 3). The harpoon can be made, A - with two flat faces, B - with three flat faces, C - with four flat faces, etc. (figure 4). A tip 11 is installed in the front of the harpoon, the front of which is equipped with a dagger-type blade with double-edged sharpening 44, the width of the blade exceeds the tip diameter by 1.1-3 times (Fig. 2). In the back of the harpoon there is a butt plate 14 with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the central hole of the muzzle 3. The butt plate is provided with a rod 45 with an elastic collar 46, which provides the harpoon and the working piston with a force of 10-50 N (Fig. 2). The harpoon stabilizer 12 is attached to the ear of the muzzle with a harpoon-line 47.

Pneumatic underwater gun works as follows. To inject the gun with compressed air, the tip is screwed from the harpoon, and the harpoon is screwed into the working piston (Fig. 1), while the working piston is kept from turning through the radial hole of the muzzle 3 (not shown conditionally). From the force of action on the harpoon, the working piston, moving, compresses the air in the barrel, while the sealing collar 20 is shifted to the left by the value “a” of Fig. 1 (4-B) and closes the bypass channel 22, compressed air enters through the check valve 35 receiver (shown by arrows). With the reverse movement of the working piston, due to rarefaction of air in the barrel, the sealing collar 20 moves to the right by the value "a" of figure 1 (4-A), while the depression in the barrel is provided by the vacuum collar 19. When combining the vacuum collar 19 with wedge-shaped grooves the barrel of figure 1 (4-A), atmospheric air through the channels of the wedge-shaped grooves of the barrel, the gap between the outer surface of the working piston and the inner surface of the barrel, the gap "a" and the bypass channel 22 is sucked into the rarefaction zone of the barrel (shown by arrows). The cycle is repeated until the required pressure is created in the receiver. After pumping, the harpoon is unscrewed from the working piston. The gun is ready to fire. Before charging with a harpoon sleeve 27 on a scale of 39 set the required power of the shot (stroke "b"). Harvesting a harpoon tench is pre-tensioned. The harness of the spear pad of the harpoon 45 is inserted into the hole of the working piston (Fig. 2) and the force of the harpoon moves the working piston along the barrel to the stop, while compressed air flows through the built-in check valve of the pneumatic shutter into the receiver. The gun is loaded. After charging with a harpoon, forces Fп = Р (S _Б -S _М ) from the pressure of compressed air and Fl from the line tension act on the pneumatic lock in the direction of the shot, and on the sear 24 in the direction opposite to the direction of the shot, the force Fш = PSш from the pressure of compressed air, where: P is the difference in pressure of the compressed air in the receiver and the intake medium, S _B is the cross-sectional area of the piston of the air lock of the larger cross-section, S _M is the cross-sectional area of the piston of the air trap of the smaller cross-section, Sш is the cross-sectional area of the sear. The force from the action of the spring 27 on the air lock is not taken into account, the presence of a spring is necessary for additional acceleration of the air lock when the pressure of the compressed air in the receiver is lower than 50% of the maximum allowable. When you pull the trigger, the ratchet stop 8 moves the rod 9 and whispers 24 to the "C" stroke (Fig. 1), when combining the whisper groove with the slider 25, the latter falls into the whisper groove and releases the air lock (Fig. 7), which under the action forces Fп + Фл pushes the working piston with a harpoon and opens the channel of the socket 15 to the maximum stroke "b" (figure 2). Compressed air enters the barrel through the channel of the nest 15, the harpoon is thrown. After opening the channel of socket 15, a force equal to Фп + Фл ceases to act on the air lock and the force Fв starts to act on the air lock returning to its initial position Фв = PSм, where Sм is the cross-sectional area of the piston of the air lock of a smaller cross-section. Until the end of the shot, the trigger continues to exert force from the finger, under the influence of which it whispers, acting on the slider 25, presses the latter against the outer surface of the air lock (Fig. 7), when combining the groove 34, which plays the role of the backstop, with the slider 25, the slider enters into the groove 34, while whispering, advancing in the direction of the shot to the stroke "D", it fixes the air lock, preventing it from returning from the force Fв = PSм (Fig. 2). After removing the force from the trigger, under the action of the force Fш, the groove whispered, moving in the direction opposite to the shot on the move "D" (Fig.2), and is combined with the slider 25, the slider, falling into the groove of the sear, releases the air lock, which under the action force Fв is set to the platoon position, and whispering, moving in the direction opposite to the shot on the course "C" (Fig. 1) (from the action of force Fш), sets the slider 25 into the groove 33 of the air lock, fixes the latter in the cocked position, while cocked position also locks the reset lever nya 29 (figure 1).

When accelerating the working piston, the water-lifting 18 and the vacuum 19 cuffs prevent solid particles from entering the gap between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the working piston, which prevents an increase in friction forces due to a decrease in the quality of barrel processing during operation and, accordingly, reduces shot power losses.

To check the operation of the trigger device before charging the gun with a harpoon, it is necessary to exert force on the reset-line lever in the direction of the shot and pull the trigger, the reset-line lever will move the air lock to stroke "b" (figure 2). When pulling the trigger, the pneumatic lock, the harpoon-line lever and the trigger, under the action of compressed air, should be set to their original position.

The exception of the operation of the gun when the maximum permissible pressure in the receiver is achieved is provided by the dependence Fpr = F = Fш · tgα = PmakhSшtgα, where F = Fш · tgα is the force equal to the product of the force acting on the sear and the tgα of the angle of attack of the ratchet. Fpr - spring force 40. Rmah - the maximum allowable pressure in the receiver of figure 1, figure 5. If the maximum permissible pressure in the receiver is exceeded, the equality Fpr = F is violated and the force F becomes greater than the spring force Fpr, the ratchet stop 8 disengages from the groove of the rod 41, excluding the communication between the sear and the trigger.

To adjust the position of the handle on the receiver, loosen the screws 40, open the ratchet with the rod through the hole 42 (Fig. 1) and set the handle to the desired position, while aligning the groove of the rod 41 with the stop of the ratchet 8, and then fix the handle with screws 40.

Improving the accuracy of fire is achieved due to the fact that the harpoon is made in the form of a hexagonal prism with an angle of rotation of the bases along the length (figure 3). During acceleration, the harpoon is screwed into the water (water acts as a rifled barrel) and in case of slight curvature (always present) it does not move along the parabola from the aiming axis, but moves in a spiral with the center of the aiming axis.

The energy efficiency of the harpoon when hitting a target is ensured by the design of the front of the tip, made in the form of a dagger-type blade with double-edged sharpening, the width of which exceeds the tip diameter by 1.1-3 times. When large fish get into the scales of the tip, the tip 44 blade cuts the scales along the width of the blade, which eliminates the seal (hardening) of the scales at the point of impact, allowing the tip to pass through the scales with less energy loss. A muscle incision (against piercing) increases the likelihood of damage to nerve endings along the width of the blade and, accordingly, the likelihood of immobilization of the target.

In the proposed pneumatic underwater gun:

1. Improved operational characteristics, namely:

- excluded operation with a muzzle when pumping a gun with compressed air;

- excluded the operation to cock the air lock to its original position with the use of muscle strength;

- the contact of the sear with the intake water is excluded;

- excluded the presence of a mechanical spring to return the sear to its original position;

- ensured the adjustment of the position of the handle on the receiver.

2. Improved safety in operation, namely:

- excluded the possibility of operating the gun, when reaching the maximum allowable pressure of compressed air in the receiver.

3. The efficiency of using the power of the shot and the effectiveness of hitting the target, namely:

- when accelerating a harpoon, the energy from the harpoon-line tension, spent during its laying, is used;

- reduced the likelihood of solid particles in the gap between the outer surface of the working piston and the inner surface of the barrel;

- improved accuracy of fire;

- improved harpoon energy efficiency when hitting a target.

Information sources

1. The annual product catalog of the company "mares" - Italy, ed. trading house "Tsar", Moscow, ul.Kostaneevskaya 42.

2. Magazine "World of spearfishing" No. 4, 2004, Moscow, Skakovaya St., 17, office 2404.

3. RF patent No. 2018777 by application No. 4941415 dated 06/03/1991

Claims (2)

1. Pneumatic underwater gun containing a housing, receiver, air lock, made in the form of two interconnected pistons of different sections with a built-in non-return valve, a barrel, in the end part of which there are wedge-shaped grooves, a working piston, in the annular groove of which a sealing collar is installed, whisper and a reset-line lever associated with a pneumatic lock, a handle mounted axially movable, comprising a trigger associated with a pull, a harpoon with a tip, characterized in that the pneumatic lock is installed connected with a stroke in the direction of the shot and equipped with an emphasis on fixing the reverse stroke and a stroke limiter in the direction of the shot, while the air lock is connected by a piston of a larger section to the cavity of the barrel, a piston of a smaller section with an intake space, and the sear of the trigger is made in the form of a piston and installed in the through channel of the housing associated with the cavity of the receiver and the intake space, the working piston is equipped with a water ring and a vacuum cuff, while the sealing cuff of the working piston is installed It can be axially moved in an annular groove, the outer surface of which is connected by a channel with the barrel cavity, a ratchet connected to the trigger and the thrust is mounted in the handle, while the thrust is equipped with stops that respond to the angle of attack of the ratchet stop, and the harpoon is made in the form of a multifaceted prism, base which are deployed at an angle relative to each other, the tip is equipped with a dagger-type blade with double-edged sharpening, while the width of the blade exceeds the tip diameter by 1.1-3 times. 2. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the reset-line lever acts as a control lever for the air lock.

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