RU2315461C1 - Method for decontamination of cotton seeds before seeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes cotton seed moistening before seeding with alcohol draff in amount of 2-3 l/hectare for 5-8 min; cotton seed treating with microwave field of 300-400 W capacity for 10-30 s followed by enshrouding with yrlites in amount of 5-6 kg/hectare.

EFFECT: method for cotton seed decontamination of increased effectiveness.

2 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the preparation of cotton seeds for sowing.

A known method of disinfecting cotton seeds by treatment with an alternating electromagnetic field, in which the seed is blown through a gas-electric plasma, which is ionized air, heated to 200 ... 250 ° C in an alternating high-frequency field for 0.5 ... 1 sec (patent RU No. 2265304, А01С 1/00, 2005).

The disadvantage of this method of disinfection is a slight decrease in germination and the likelihood of re-infection. With this method of treatment, the peel of cotton seeds softens, as a result of which their mechanical damage from the action of the working bodies of the seeder sharply increases, which leads to thinning of crops.

The closest technical solution is a method in which the seeds before sowing are treated with an aqueous solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and zeolite-containing clay-irlites (patent RU No. 2161393, IPC A01C 1/00, 2001).

In the prototype method, clay particles containing a complex of macro- and microelements retain moisture, ensure the safety of seeds, their flowability during sowing and stimulation of plant growth.

However, pubescent seeds are not sufficiently enriched with nutrients, and the quality of sowing is low due to pubescence, where some fungal and bacterial diseases persist.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the processing of cotton seeds with simultaneous disinfection of their surface and down, protecting them from disease damage during germination while increasing germination.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeds are pre-moistened with distillery stillage at a rate of 2 ... 3 liters per hectare seed rate, kept for 5 ... 8 minutes, after which they are processed in an ultra-high frequency (microwave) electric field with a radiation power of 300. ..400 W for 10 ... 30 seconds, followed by enveloping with irlites in the amount of 5 ... 6 kg per hectare seed rate.

The technical solution consists in the fact that within 5 ... 8 minutes, viruses, fungi and bacteria located on the surface of the seeds and underfloor swell, reaching a moisture content of 80 ... 90%. Seeds for this period of time do not have time to moisturize and remain dry.

When processed by a microwave field (microwave electric field within the permitted radio frequencies 915, 2450 and 5800 MHz), the bulk of the energy is absorbed by viruses, fungi and bacteria, which, as a result of rapid selective heating, with a radiation power of 300 ... 400 W and a heating time of 10 ... 30 seconds die. In this case, the temperature of the seeds rises to 32 ... 36 ° C. As a result of this treatment, the film formed from the alcohol stillage, which contains the residual amount of adhesive and a complex of trace elements, is dried. In addition, the acid reaction of alcohol stillage helps to reduce the number of microorganisms.

The resulting dry film after processing remains on the seeds of cotton, providing an increase in flowability and protecting seeds from disease damage during germination. Under the influence of an electric field, the biological activity of cotton seeds is stimulated and germination is increased by 10 ... 15%.

Covering seeds with irlites helps to maintain the temperature regime, which is very important for a heat-loving cotton crop, especially when sowing, when it is possible to return colds in the spring. Irlites have high heat capacity and low water loss, which ensures the preservation of moisture and heat in the seed bed.

The justification of the selected parameters of the microwave field is explained by sufficient heating of the seeds, the complete elimination of pubescence and disinfection. The amount of alcohol stillage (2 ... 3 l) is sufficient to wet the surface of the hectare norm of seeds (20 ... 25 kg), mix with irlite 5 ... 6 kg and provides a coating of seeds with a film.

Example 1. The hectare rate of cotton seeds (20 ... 25 kg) was soaked in 2 ... 3 liters of alcohol stillage for 5 ... 8 minutes. Wet seeds were treated with a microwave field with a radiation power of 300 W for 10 seconds. Heated seeds were enveloped in crushed irlites in an amount of 5 kg. Treated seeds were sown with a seeder.

Example 2. Seeds soaked in alcohol bard (3 L per hectare seed rate) after 8 minutes were exposed to a microwave field with a power of 400 W for 30 seconds, after which warm seeds were mixed with 6 kg of ground irlite.

The experimental results are summarized in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 Diseases of cotton plants Experience Options Disease prevalence,% gummosis wilt root rot viruses Control (no processing) 42.5 28,4 16.8 39.6 Prototype 33.1 23.6 10.3 31.8 Soaking seeds in an alcohol bard 30.8 21.8 7.5 25.6 Microwave seed treatment (300-400 W) 28.5 18.1 5.9 6.8 Proposed 9.6 6.7 3.4 3.2

table 2 Germination and productivity of cotton plants Indicators Microwave irradiation time, sec 5 ... 9 10 ... 15 20 ... 25 26 ... 30 40 ... 45 Seed germination,% 75 88 96 87 70 The mass of one box, g 4.9 5.5 6.8 5.8 5,0 Productivity of one plant, g 16.5 23.7 32,0 26.7 17.3 Harvest of raw cotton t / ha 1,54 2.42 2.81 2.63 1.48

As can be seen from the tables, the proposed method allows to reduce the incidence of cotton plants, increase germination and plant productivity.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting cotton seeds before sowing, including treating with an aqueous solution with stimulants, enveloping wet seeds with zeolite-containing clay-irlites, characterized in that before sowing for 5-8 minutes, the seeds are moistened with alcohol bard in an amount of 2-3 l / ha, after which subjected to treatment with a microwave field with a radiation power of 300-400 W for 10-30 s, followed by enveloping irlite in the amount of 5-6 kg / ha