RU2309665C2 - Method for determining adequacy of nonspecific protective adaptive biological system response to external stimulus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves measuring body temperature and environment temperature over working muscles, heart beat rate and influencing factor value. Integrated entropia-negentropia processes relationship value in organism is calculated. Katabolic and anabolic metabolism processes equilibrium state with predominating energy supply mechanism as predominantly aerobic and anaerobic process in organism is revealed from plot pattern. Anaerobic threshold is fixed as aerobic-to-anaerobic process transition point and heart beat rate value and influencing factor value is determined in this point. Energetic state pattern is determined at the moment of study. High-energy state being found to take place, nonspecific protective adaptive biological system response adequacy conclusion is drawn. Low energy state being the case, no adequacy conclusion is drawn. Biosystem deviation degree from stationary state is determined. To do it, integral value d2Si/dt2=f(dSi) is to be plotted in graphic mode on phase plane. The built image is processed for determining nonspecific protective adaptive biological system response evolution vector direction. Adequate nonspecific protective adaptive biological system response evolution is considered to take place if phase portrait has convergent spiral-shaped trajectory pattern, otherwise inadequate evolution pattern is considered to be the case.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of study; high sensitivity to organism state changes.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to biology and medicine. It can find application in scientific and applied research on the behavior of biosystems in the environment, in sports of the highest achievements, in mass physical education, in physiology, biochemistry, psychology, in professional activities associated with significant physical and psycho-emotional stress, as well as at various stages of rehabilitation.

A known method for determining the degree of a protective reaction of an organism to long-term physical work is to conduct a study of the polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in genomic DNA from the washing liquid of the oral cavity of the subject through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determine, based on these studies, the genetic predisposition of a person to perform long-term physical work by the presence of the I-allele (see patent RU No. 2194982, 06/27/2000, class G 01 No. 33/48). The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the gene analysis, since it requires additional equipment and reagents. Moreover, the method allows to obtain information about the state of the body, for example, an athlete only before and after the training period, but not in its process.

Closest to the claimed method in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a method for determining the adequacy of the body's response to external influences, including measuring the temperature of the body surface and air above the working muscles of a person, calculating the value of the index of efficiency of homeostasis regulation and determining the moment of transition of the body to a state of overvoltage and identifying the need to reduce the magnitude of external influences or their complete elimination (see patent RU No. 2043632, 04/28/1992, CL G 01 No. 33/48). However, the known method is not sufficiently informative, since it does not take into account the ratio of entropy-non-entropy processes in the biosystem, the intensity of entropy flows, as well as the degree of deviation of the biosystem from the stationary state.

The aim of the invention of the method is to increase its versatility and expand its functionality when assessing processes in a biosystem by determining the complex characteristics of the relationship between the levels of quantitative and qualitative changes in the entropy of the internal environment of a biosystem with the degree of deviation of metabolic functioning from a stationary state by changing the intensification indices of catabolic and anabolic processes with identification of types state of energy homeostasis of non-specific protective adaptive of the biosystem. The claimed method allows for the operational monitoring of the adequacy of a non-specific protective adaptive reaction in real time, including during training, and also provides the ability to predict the state of the biosystem. The proposed method with a high degree of accuracy is simple and affordable to play.

The purpose of the invention is achieved due to the fact that at the same time as measuring body temperature and ambient temperature above the working muscles, the heart rate and the magnitude of the acting factor are measured, after which, on the basis of the obtained data, the state of the body’s energy homeostasis is estimated by the integral indicator of the ratios of entropy-non-entropy processes in the biosystem , which is determined by the formula:

Where

- интегральный показатель энтропийно-негэнтропийных процессов в биосистеме (вторая производная энтропии),

- integral indicator of entropy-non-entropy processes in the biosystem (second derivative of entropy),

λ is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the skin,

λ 'is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the muscles,

T _ij is the temperature of the core of the biosystem (reference data),

T _sj - body temperature at the end of a given (j-th) interval,

T _{s (j-1)} - body temperature at the beginning of a given (j-th) interval,

T _Ej is the ambient air temperature,

S ₀ - the equilibrium value of entropy (reference data),

dt _j - time interval for measuring temperature values in minutes,

and on the graphical image of the integral indicator, an on-line analysis of the adequacy of the non-specific protective adaptive response of the biosystem in real time is carried out, for which the metabolic state is determined by the nature of the curve by the balance of catabolic and anabolic processes, and the nature of the leading energy supply mechanism is determined by the predominantly aerobic or anaerobic processes in the body, while fixing the anaerobic threshold, as the transition point of the biosystem from aerobic the process into anaerobic, and determine for this point the value of the heart rate and the magnitude of the affecting factor, while on the basis of the identified metabolic state and the nature of the leading mechanism of energy supply in the biosystem, determine the type of energy state at the time of the study and, with the high-energy state of the biosystem, conclude that the non-specific protective adaptive reaction, and with the low-energy state of the biosystem, they conclude that the non-specific protective adaptive response.

Moreover, the claimed method allows to predict the evolution of the biosystem, to provide the ability to regulate the processes of adaptation of the biosystem and to identify the degree of deviation of the biosystem from the stationary state, for which the graphic image of the integral indicator d2Si / dt2 = f (dSi) on the phase plane determines the direction of the development vector of the non-specific protective adaptive reaction of the biosystem . The relationship between the level of the main (dS) parameter and the change in its speed is clearly traced on the phase plane. The latter is a plane on which two variables d2Si / dt2 = f (dSi), characterizing the behavior of a given control system in dynamics, are plotted along two coordinate axes (X, Y). For a biosystem with an adequate nonspecific protective adaptive reaction, the image on the phase plane has the form of a converging spiral-shaped trajectory. For a biosystem with an inadequate nonspecific protective adaptive reaction, the dependence d (dS) / dt-f (dS) on the phase plane is represented by a diverging spiral-shaped phase trajectory. It is known that systems with a damped transient are stable systems, with diverging processes - unstable.

Quantitative-qualitative changes in the entropy of the internal environment (dSi) determine the degree of deviation in the functioning of metabolism from a stationary state. Values of d2Si / dt2> 0 are indicators of the intensification of catabolic processes, values of d2Si / dt2 <0 reflect the predominance of anabolic processes. The positive effect is that the implementation of the claimed method allows you to determine changes in the internal environment of the biosystem at the molecular (biochemistry, biophysics), organismic and supraorganismal levels with the determination of the main integral indicator characterizing the adequacy of changes in a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction to any external effect.

The integral indicator of the ratios of entropy-non-entropy processes in a biosystem in mathematical expression is the second derivative of entropy.

Any external effect in the body causes two types of response: adequate and inadequate. With an adequate reaction, the balance of catabolic and anabolic processes is maintained. An inadequate response is characterized by an imbalance of catabolic and anabolic processes, which manifests itself in excessive intensification of catabolic reactions and a decrease in anabolic, which leads the system not only to substrate and energy depletion, but also to an increase in heat production. Changes in the internal energy of a biosystem (including the human body) obey the laws of thermodynamics. Research has been conducted on an evolving biological system. As a model, the physical effect of different durations and intensities, up to extreme ones, was used. The level of exposure was evaluated by the adequacy of the non-specific protective adaptive response. The nature of the impact was determined by the integral indicator of the ratios of the entropy-non-entropy processes of the internal environment.

The basis of adaptive processes is the energy supply of the body to maintain the optimal functioning of its systems.

By the value of d2Si / dt2, one can judge the intensity of entropy fluxes and the degree of deviation of the biosystem from the stationary state. By the nature of the obtained curve, the type of energy state of the organism is revealed. We can distinguish 8 types of energy state of the body, allowing to assess the adequacy of the body's response to the size and quality of physical activity, characterize the catabolic and anabolic processes, aerobic-anaerobic indicators and make a conclusion about the balance of catabolic and anabolic processes, as well as to judge the state of homeostasis.

1 type

High energy state. The body reaction in this test corresponds to the magnitude and direction of physical activity. The aerobic capacity of the body is high. Energy-forming (catabolic) processes are optimal. Recovery (anabolic) processes are optimal. A complete balance of metabolic pathways, synchronization of the phases of metabolism. Potential reserves of the body are not exhausted.

2 type

High energy state. The body reaction in this test corresponds to the magnitude and direction of physical activity. The aerobic capacity of the body is high. Energy-forming (catabolic) processes are optimal. Recovery (anabolic) processes are optimal. Complete balance of metabolic pathways, synchronization of the phases of metabolism. Potential reserves of the body are exhausted.

3 type

The high-energy state of the body against the background of the low compensatory ability of the capillary vascular bed. The condition develops with low fitness. It is possible with a short experience of sports activity, the prevalence of loads of anaerobic orientation in the training process.

4 type

High energy state. The main energy-generating processes are creatine phosphate and ATPase. Lipolysis is not involved. The genotype is characteristic of speed-power manifestations in sport. The prospects for increasing specific power are relatively low.

5 type

Low energy state. The reaction of the body does not correspond to the magnitude and direction of the proposed load. The aerobic capacity of the body is low. Desynchronization of the phases of metabolism against the background of a hypercatabolic reaction. Anabolic processes are reduced. Potential reserves of the body are exhausted.

6 type

Low energy state. The reaction of the body does not correspond to the magnitude and direction of the proposed load. The aerobic capacity of the body is low. Desynchronization of the phases of metabolism against the background of a hypercatabolic reaction. Anabolic processes are reduced. Low compensatory ability of the capillary vascular bed. The condition develops with overtraining, especially with the predominance of power loads and anaerobic focus.

7 type

Low energy state. The reaction of the body does not correspond to the magnitude and direction of the proposed load. The aerobic capacity of the body is low. Desynchronization of phase metabolism against the background of a hypercatabolic reaction. Anabolic processes are reduced. Potential reserves of the body are not exhausted. Violation of the centralization of blood circulation.

8 type

Low energy state. The reaction of the body does not correspond to the magnitude and direction of the proposed load. Low aerobic capacity. Desynchronization of the phases of metabolism. Low-energy hypocatabolic reaction against a background of high anabolism. Detraining

The essence of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a reaction to an external action of a biosystem operating in a high-energy mode, Fig. 2 shows a reaction of a biosystem to an external action, operating in a low-energy mode, Fig. 3 shows a phase portrait of a biosystem with an adequate non-specific protective adaptive reaction, and figure 4 presents a phase portrait of a biosystem with an inadequate response to external influences.

The implementation of the claimed method is considered in a specific example and is illustrated in figure 1 and figure 3. The athlete performed the training program on the Concept II rowing ergometer, which is a work in gradually “heavier” conditions. The initially set power of 100 watts, which the athlete held for 3 minutes, increased by 50 watts every 3 minutes. The next step was performed by the athlete with increasing changes in the energy homeostasis system. In this case, the core temperature of the biosystem is usually taken equal to 37 ° C. The body temperature during the study varied from 32.6 to 36.3 ° C, and the heart rate from 90 beats. min to 187 beats per min. The functioning of the body of a high-class athlete is displayed on the graph of the integral indicator of the ratio of entropy-negentropic processes in the body (Fig. 1), constructed according to formula (1). The curve represents the response of the biosystem to any effect and is a quantitative and qualitative reflection of the state of energy exchange. The presence of a part of the curve lying below the zero line from 3 to 12 minutes indicates the involvement of predominantly aerobic energy-producing processes and characterizes the adequacy of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction. At the 12th minute, the curve crosses the “zero” line. The intersection point is an indicator of the transition of processes of predominantly aerobic energy supply to anaerobic and is the threshold of anaerobic metabolism. Points corresponding to the 3rd and 12th minutes of work for the biosystem are points of switching phases of metabolism. At point A, at the 3rd minute, the catabolic phase switches to the anabolic phase; at point B at 12 minutes, the catabolic phase switches from the anabolic phase. The power at point A is 150 watts, and the heart rate is 120 beats per minute, at point B the power is 300 watts, and the heart rate is 180 beats per minute. The presence of these data allows us to conclude on the nature of the leading mechanism of energy supply, in this example aerobic, the state of balance of the catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes, and to conclude that the athlete’s energy state corresponds to type 2, and the threshold of anaerobic metabolism of this athlete is determined at a power of 300 W and heart rate of 180 beats per minute. In this example, we can conclude that the development of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction with a given physical load is adequate.

To predict the evolution of the biosystem of this athlete, we construct a graphic image on the phase plane d2Si / dt2 = f (dSi) (Fig. 3). The presence of a phase portrait in the form of a converging spiral-shaped trajectory characterizes the adequate development of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction of the body of this athlete at given loads.

Figure 2 shows an example of the functioning of the athlete's body in low energy mode. The curve of the integral indicator of entropy-non-entropy processes in the body did not fall below the zero line, which is an indicator of the predominance of catabolic metabolic processes and the anaerobic nature of the leading mechanism of energy supply, which corresponds to type 6 energy state of the body. The presence of a phase portrait (figure 4) of this athlete in the form of a diverging spiral-shaped trajectory characterizes the inadequate development of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction of this athlete at given loads.

When concluding the graph of figure 1 and figure 2 evaluate the integral indicator of entropy-non-entropy processes, the level of heart rate and power. And individual pulse limits of heart rate for an aerobic recovery zone and an aerobic developing zone are determined. All indicators are compared. Comparison of the integral indicator, heart rate and power in the same interval makes it possible to judge the quality (aerobic or anaerobic) and the amount of load (power level, required dose and duration) and assess the overall adequacy of the state of a nonspecific protective adaptive response to physical exposure , which allows in the future to correctly build the training process, the recovery or rehabilitation period.

The presence of such information by the trainer and doctor will help answer the question about the compliance of the athlete’s bioenergy state with the requirements of the modern training system in this sport and judge the effectiveness of a particular training cycle.

This method, when used, showed high efficiency and sensitivity to changes in the state of the body when determining a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction not only during sports loads, but also during intense intellectual activity, as well as with any external disturbing effect on the biosystem.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the adequacy of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction of an organism to external influences, including measuring the temperature of the body surface while measuring the temperature of the environment over working muscles to determine the state of energy homeostasis of the body, characterized in that simultaneously with measuring body temperature and the temperature of the environment over working muscles heart rate and magnitude of the affecting factor, after which, based on the data x assess the state of energy homeostasis by the integral indicator ratios entropy-negentropic processes in the body which is defined by the formula

Where

- an integral indicator of entropy-non-entropy processes in the body - the second derivative of entropy; λ is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the skin; λ 'is the thermal conductivity of the muscles; T _ij is the temperature core of the body; T _sj - body temperature at the end of a given j-th interval; T _{s (j-1)} - body temperature at the beginning of a given j-th interval; T _Ej is the ambient air temperature; S ₀ - equilibrium value of entropy dt _j - time interval for measuring temperature values, min, and on the graphic image of the integral indicator, an on-line analysis of the adequacy of the nonspecific protective adaptive reaction of the body is carried out in real time, for which the metabolic state is revealed by the nature of the curve by the balance of catabolic and anabolic processes, and the values of d ² S _i / dt ₂ > 0 reflect the predominance of catabolic processes and the values of d ² S _i / dt ₂ <0 reflects the predominance of anabolic processes, the nature of the driving gear energy supply determined by the flow of aerobe or anaerobic processes in the body, fix the anaerobic threshold by determining the heart rate and the magnitude of the affecting factor as the transition point of the body’s reaction from the aerobic process to anaerobic, based on the identified metabolic state and the nature of the leading mechanism of energy supply in the body, determine the type of energy state at the time studies and with a high-energy state of the body conclude the adequacy of a nonspecific protective reaction, and with izkoenergeticheskom state organism conclude inadequacy nonspecific protective adaptive response, thus on the graphical representation of the integral parameter d ² S _i / dt ₂ = f (dS _i) to the phase plane determined by the vector direction of the nonspecific defense adaptive response of the body and an adequate development of the nonspecific defense adaptive reactions are judged by the nature of the phase portrait in the form of a converging spiral-shaped trajectory, and when receiving an image in the form of a diverging spiral-shaped trajectory of affairs There is a conclusion about the inadequate development of a nonspecific protective adaptive reaction of the body.

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