RU2298312C1 - Cereal crop windrow pickup - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, farm crop harvesting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: cereal windrow pickup has front and rear shafts and endless netted web formed from flexible cable-type carrier members and stretched onto front and rear shafts. Flexible members are connected with one another by means of platforms-clips so as to define cells on web. Clips with U-shaped springy fingers are secured with their bases to platforms-clips to provide for picking up of farm crops. Flexible carrier members of netted web are connected with one another along edges by means of brackets which secure netted web to pulling chains of conveyor. Flexible members may be made in the form of metal cable coated at its outer side with plastic or may be made from plastic.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation and reduced consumption of power for harvesting process.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to sorters of rolls of grain and other agricultural crops, and can be used in aggregate with combine harvesters and other agricultural machines.

Known pickers of rolls of grain crops, both drum and canvas transport. The drum pickup consists of a drum, slope rings, sidewalls, support shoes and a drive mechanism [Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev V.M. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. M .: Kolos S, 2004. - S.318-320; Patent RU No. 2250594, A01D 89/00 of 04/04/2005].

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the devices have a large metal consumption, and therefore, increased energy consumption for their drive and movement by combines, as well as low technological reliability, which is expressed by large grain losses during the selection of rolls of bread mass.

These shortcomings of drum sorters of rolls of grain crops are partially eliminated in linen transport. The pick-up according to the patent [Patent RU No. 2029455 C1, A01D 89/00 of 02.27.1995] includes a conveyor belt comprising a drive shaft with a drive, and a driven pulley mounted on the shaft with rotation, as well as sections of picking fingers with a drive. The conveyor belt is made sectional; in the intervals between the sections, picking fingers mounted in a vertical plane are fixed on the shaft. The leading elements of the drives of the fingers and sections of the conveyor are mounted on a common drive shaft. Due to which they increase the reliability of the device and reduce grain loss during selection.

A known pick-up [Patent RU No. 2056091 C1, A01D 89/00 dated 03/20/1996], comprising a conveyor belt covering the drive shafts. Exciting working elements in the form of spring rakes are hinged on the tape. On the transport belt between the rakes there are fixed groove-shaped scrapers with concavity in the direction of movement of the belt, due to which it is possible to reduce grain loss during the selection of rolls.

Known pick-up rolls PPT-3A, consisting of a front pick-up shaft and a back one, onto which a conveyor belt 3.5 mm thick is mounted, which is a multi-layer rubberized fabric on which the double spring pick-up fingers are fixed individually, not in groups, for long stiffnesses, each double-breasted bracket connected to the web rigidly with two rivets, and the finger can be easily replaced with a new one, as it is fixed with a two-rod U-shaped clamp [Conveyor sorter PPT-3A. / Prospect of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR. M. - VDNH, 1977].

Known roll picker [Combine harvesters. Yenisei. / Technical description. Krasnoyarsk. PO KZK, 2003 - S.21-23], including a conveyor pivotally mounted on a platform and supported by self-aligning wheels, and a balancing device. The conveyor consists of a frame, rollers, a drive shaft, a conveyor belt, a shell of a stem puller. The picker works as follows, the picking fingers raise the roll, comb the stubble, feed the bread mass to the screw. Having collected the mass, the picking fingers enter into sliding contact with the edge of the stem extractor and are released from the stems remaining on them. The normalizer presses bread mass with the fingers to the conveyor and directs it under the platform auger.

The disadvantage of these technical solutions is the possibility of turning the spring finger in the direction of rotation of the conveyor belt, which contributes to the formation of technological failures from the side of the pickup, which leads to downtime of combines and an increase in grain losses during harvesting. This disadvantage is eliminated in the pick-up [Patent RU No. 2133563 C1, A01D 89/00 of 07/27/1999], including the front and rear shafts, an infinite multilayer rubberized fabric stretched over them (the basis are nylon threads) of the pick-up conveyor in the form of several parallel tapes. At the same time, steel brackets are fixed to the surface of the conveyor belt by rivets, individually longitudinal and transverse rows of steel brackets, on which a picking pin with two springs is attached. The picking finger is fixed in such a way that the finger does not rotate around the axis of the turns of its springs, which preserves the finger with its optimal parameters in operation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a roll picker, which consists of a multilayer endless rubberized conveyor belt 3.4 m wide and 6 mm thick, a hinge lock for connecting the conveyor belt, supporting wheels that copy the relief, normalizer, rods and drive mechanism. Two traction chains are attached to the conveyor belt from below, and double pick-up spring fingers are attached from above. The traction chains are mounted on the sprocket of the drive shaft and the support roller. The picking fingers pick up the roll, comb the stubble, picking up the failed stalks and feeding the bread mass to the auger. The fingers, running around the rollers of the drive shaft, enter into sliding contact with the edge of the stem remover and are released from the stems remaining on them. The normalizer, made up of long spring fingers, pressing the bread mass to the conveyor, provides the supply of bread mass under the auger [Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev V.M. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. M .: Kolos S, 2004 - S.318-320].

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that during operation of the pick-up, wear of the multi-layer rubberized conveyor belt over the thickness occurs, which leads to the penetration of moisture into the inside and the “pulling” of nylon threads, resulting in a decrease in the operational and technological reliability of the pick-up, and, consequently, harvesters during harvesting. In addition, the rubberized conveyor belt with a thickness of 6 mm is characterized by a large mass and high cost, which leads to increased energy consumption for its drive and movement during harvesting by combines, and, consequently, the cost of harvesting by combines.

The aim of the invention is to increase the operational and technological reliability of the pick-up, reducing energy resources for its drive and moving, reducing the cost of manufacturing and harvesting by combines.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known picker rolls of grain crops, containing the drive and driven shafts, self-supporting support wheels that copy the topography of the soil, a normalizer, a hinge lock for connecting the conveyor belt, traction, the drive mechanism and dual pick spring fingers that are mounted on the base steel brackets. Instead of a multilayer endless rubberized web, a mesh web of the conveyor is used, the cells of which have a complex oval shape, formed by connecting two adjacent flexible load-bearing elements, which are a metal cable with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm, the outer surface of which is covered with plastic. Flexible load-bearing elements of the mesh web of the conveyor can be made of plastic with a diameter of 6 to 10 mm. They are interconnected through a certain distance by means of a special metal-plastic or plastic platform-bracket. In this case, the platform-brackets are mounted parallel to the flexible load-bearing elements of the conveyor. Steel brackets are attached to the platforms-brackets by means of bolt or rivet joints, in which picking spring fingers are installed to raise the bread mass of the rolls from the stubble. Flexible load-bearing elements of the conveyor mesh web are attached to the traction chains through special brackets and bolted joints at the edges. The infinity of the mesh web tape is ensured by the multiple connection of flexible load-bearing elements with a hinged lock across the entire width of the conveyor.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the inventive picker of grain rolls differs from the known ones in that instead of a multilayer rubberized conveyor belt, a mesh conveyor is installed, made of a flexible metal cable, plastic coated on the outside, or plastic of a certain diameter, the flexible elements are interconnected through a certain distance with metal-plastic or plastic platforms-brackets, to which individually, longitudinal and transverse and rows mounted steel brackets for mounting selects spring loaded fingers to lift rolls of crops with stubble. The combination of these features, not known from the prior art, allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criteria of "inventive step" and "novelty."

Figure 1 schematically shows a picker rolls of cereals, top view; figure 2 shows the platform bracket, which is designed to connect flexible load-bearing elements, top view; figure 3 shows the platform bracket, side view, section; figure 4 shows the connection of the flexible supporting elements of the mesh web of the conveyor by means of a platform-bracket, side view and section; figure 5 shows a metal-plastic cable (flexible carrier element of the mesh web of the conveyor) or a plastic section; figure 6 shows the hinge lock across the entire width of the conveyor.

The pick-up of rolls of grain crops (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) includes a front shaft 1, a rear 2 (Fig. 1), an endless mesh web of flexible supporting elements 3 stretched over them in the form of a metal-plastic cable 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4) with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm, the cable 13 is coated externally with a certain thickness of plastic 14 (Fig. 5) or of plastic with a diameter of 6 to 10 mm, while inside the flexible carrier element instead of the cable there can be a nylon tow, two sidewalls 5 with nodes for adjusting the tension of the mesh web of the conveyor, each sidewall in front rests on the weather vane itself rehydrating supporting wheel 6, copying soil relief, as well as two brackets 7 installed behind the rear ends of the rear roller 2, which pick-up is fixed to the front part of the platform or header silage harvester; the flexible load-bearing elements 3 of the mesh web of the conveyor 8 are connected to each other through a certain distance by means of a metal-plastic platform-bracket 9 (Figs. 2, 3, 4), inside which there is a metal plate 15, plastic 14 on the outside, or a plastic platform-bracket, due to which form a mesh web of the conveyor, steel brackets individually, longitudinal and transverse rows for fastening the U-shaped pick-up spring fingers 10. They are mounted on these platform-brackets with bolted joints or rivets. The supporting elements 3 of the mesh web at the edges are interconnected by means of special brackets 11, which, through bolted connections, fasten the mesh web to the traction chains 12 of the conveyor. The infinity of the mesh web tape is ensured by repeatedly connecting the flexible supporting elements 3 to each other with a hinged lock 16 (Fig.6) over the entire width of the conveyor.

The picker works as follows. With the translational movement of the combine or agricultural machine through the drive include the rotation of the shafts 1 and 2 of the mesh web of the conveyor 7, and with it the movement of steel brackets with U-shaped picking spring fingers 10. The fingers 10 coming out from under the front shaft 1, comb the stubble, they select a failed roll mass of bread from it, lift it onto the upper branch of the mesh web of the conveyor and move it to the area of the rear shaft 2, where it is dumped under the rotating auger of the pick-up platform or combine header, and then the bread ma meat enters the threshing and combine the separating device. At the same time, grain losses behind the pick-up will be minimal if crops are harvested within the agrotechnical deadlines.

The application of the proposed picker rolls of grain crops in comparison with existing pickers allows you to:

- reduce costs and energy resources when harvesting grain crops with combines;

- increase the technological reliability of the pick-up, as well as reduce the cost of its manufacture;

- the use of plastic in the manufacture of flexible load-bearing elements of the mesh web of the conveyor, obtained, in particular, in the processing of PVC bottles, is a solution to environmental problems in the recycling of recycled materials in cities.

Claims (2)

1. The pick-up of rolls of grain crops, including the front and rear shafts, the endless conveyor belt of the pick-up mechanism stretched over them, a hinged lock for connecting the conveyor belt, traction chains, two sidewalls with nodes for adjusting the belt tension, each of which rests on the front vane self-aligning support wheel , copying the topography of the soil, in the back of the pick-up there are brackets with which it is attached to the front of the pick-up platform or combine header, characterized in that the web is made on the mesh of flexible supporting elements in the form of a rope, forming cells by connecting the flexible elements with platform-brackets on which the brackets are mounted with the bases with U-shaped spring fingers attached to them, while the flexible supporting elements at the edges are interconnected by brackets connecting the mesh web to conveyor traction chains. 2. The picker of rolls of grain crops according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible elements are made of a metal cable with an external plastic coating or of plastic.

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