RU2295849C2 - Readily mountable front loader - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural handling technique.

SUBSTANCE: loader has hanging device attached to tractor side members, readily detachable lifting frame, working tool with mechanism for its planar-parallel movement, unloading device and hydraulic cylinders for upturning of working tool. Hanging device has bracket with horizontal and vertical slots incorporating immovable and movable retaining pin of lifter column. Retainer pin is positioned in openings of bracket stem positioned in openings of transverse plates of column for vertical displacement. Retainer pin is equipped with faces spaced from one another by distance equal to width of lifter column bracket.

EFFECT: simplified construction of loader enabling its quick dismantling, reduced downtime and loading of frame and front axle of tractor to which loader is to be hitched.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hoisting and transport engineering, namely to agricultural loaders, and can be used for loading hay, silage, bulk and other cargoes.

Known loader for A.S. No. 506345, USSR, MKI A 01D 85/00, B 66 F 9/06, 1976, comprising a tractor-mounted support frame on which a boom is rotated in a vertical plane. The working body, driven by hydraulic cylinders, is mounted on the boom. The boom rises and falls by means of hydraulic cylinders. The loader contains an intermediate frame, articulated rods. One of the rods is equipped with stops. The loader support frame is bolted to the tractor side members and connected to the sleeves of its rear axle shafts. The loader is equipped with a locking device consisting of a cam, the working surface of which is concentric with the axis of rotation, and a rod pivotally connected to the cam and the supporting frame.

The loader operates as follows. To take material, the boom is lowered. In this case, the cam under the action of traction rotates clockwise and when the working body comes into contact with the ground, it releases the stop. Further lowering of the boom due to the rod system and the movable frame opens the rake. The pressure of the unit is filling the working body - pitchfork - material. By lifting the boom, the collected portion is torn off from the main array. In this case, under the influence of traction, a rake grip automatically clamps the collected portion of the load and additionally prepresses it. The loader moves the cargo to the place of loading or to the vehicle.

Portions are unloaded by tipping the forks using the hydraulic cylinder. Then the forks return to their original position and the loading cycle is repeated.

The disadvantage of this loader is that the loader cannot be quickly removed from the tractor. When using the unit in transport with a trailer, the loader creates additional resistance to rolling the front wheels of the tractor, causes overload of the tractor half frame due to the increased speed of movement and in the event of a wheel colliding with irregularities of dynamic bursts.

The prototype of the proposed loader is a universal front-end loader-kopovoz PKU-0.8 (Manufacturer - JSC Salskselmash, p. Giant of the Salsky district of the Rostov Region), consisting of two hinge panels mounted on tractor spars and connected by a beam, lifting frames, hydraulic cylinders pivotally connected to the panels of the hitch of the working body. The system of rods, brackets, hydraulic cylinders form a mechanism for changing the position of the working body.

The hinge panels are a welded structure consisting of a rack and a beam, which are interconnected by a pipe. The hinge panels are equipped with brackets for articulating the lifting frame, the rods of the mechanism for changing the position of the working body, the rods of the radiator guard and the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the lifting frame. A bracket with three holes for attaching the beam is welded to the bottom from the bottom.

The rack has three slats with holes for attaching the traction of the unloading device and the brackets for the shovel.

The beam is made of a channel, to the ends of which brackets are welded with holes for fastening to the hinge panels.

The unloading device is installed on both sides of the tractor and consists of a fork with a right-hand thread and a fork with a left-hand thread, interconnected by a bar, with the help of which the necessary tension of the rods is carried out.

The lifting frame consists of two hollow arrows connected to each other by a transverse pipe. At both ends of the booms there are identical bushings for mounting the lifting frame on the hinge panels and for hanging interchangeable working bodies. Brackets are welded on the front part of each boom, and housings with bushings are welded in the middle part for mounting the brackets of the mechanism for changing the position of the working bodies.

The lifting frame and the mechanism for changing the position of the working body are driven by hydraulic cylinders connected to the tractor hydraulic system. The hinge panels are connected to the hoses of the semi-axles of the rear wheels of the tractor by unloading rods.

The loader operates as follows. With the help of the lifting frame and tipping cylinders, the working body is set to the required height and filled with the pressure of the tractor with a load. By tilting the working body, for example, a bucket, or by lifting the boom, a portion of the load comes off the massif and moves to the vehicle. Using the bucket tipping cylinders, the latter is unloaded and the duty cycle is repeated.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the inability to quickly dismantle the loader at the end of loading operations and the transfer of the tractor to transport operations and field work in the unit with tillage and other agricultural implements. This leads to significant loads of the front axle of the tractor and its half frame due to dynamic bursts when using the tractor in transport operations and increasing the resistance to rolling the wheels of the mounted tractor, especially when using the latter with a loader mounted on it for field agricultural work.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce the complexity and installation time of the lifting device.

The technical problem in the front-end fast-mounted loader containing an attachment attached to the tractor side members, a quick-release lifting device, a plane-parallel movement mechanism of the working body, an unloading device is achieved by the fact that the attachment contains an arm with two - horizontal and vertical - grooves, where the stationary - welded to the brackets of the sidewalls - and movable - fixing - the axis of the rack of the lifting device, and the locking axis is made with chamfers, distances e between which is equal to the width of the groove of the bracket of the rack of the lifting device, and is placed in the holes of the rod bracket installed in the holes of the transverse plates of the rack with the possibility of moving up and down. The rod is made in the form of a rod of variable cross section with a protrusion for emphasis and orientation of the return spring. It contains a U-shaped bracket, in the holes of which a locking axis is mounted with a possibility of rotation, a pin placed in elongated grooves pivotally attached to the sides of the fork of the rod drive lever. The rod is installed in the guide holes of the transverse plates of the rack with the ability to move up and down. The locking axis is moved up with the lever, and down under the action of a return spring mounted between the plate and the rod protrusion. The groove of the bracket is made with the expansion of a circular shape in its lower part, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the fixing axis. The walls of the horizontal and vertical grooves are made of different lengths, with the lower wall of the horizontal groove and the rear wall of the vertical groove orienting the fixed and fixing axes when mounting the lifting device over the corresponding grooves of the panel brackets.

This design elements in the design of the prototype is not provided.

Figure 1 shows a front-end fast-mounted loader mounted on a tractor, side view; figure 2 is a lifting device of a front-end fast-mounted loader, side view; figure 3 - the right and left panels of the hinge plate in a perspective view, the transverse beam is removed, bolts and nuts attaching the beam to the panels are not shown; figure 4 is a left hinge panel, side view; figure 5 - right and left hinge panels, top view; in Fig.6 - stand assembly, side view; Fig.7 is a section of the locking axis in the plane aa; on Fig - mounted assembly complete with the rack of the lifting device in a perspective view, rear view, the bracket for unloading the beam to the hinge panel, the brackets for mounting the headlights and pipelines are not shown; figure 9 - rod Assembly with a movable axis and levers in a perspective view, the movable lever in the lower position, the bracket of the panel of the attachment is not shown, the cover with the latch removed; figure 10 - rod Assembly in the lowest position, side view; figure 11 is the same, the rod in its highest position; on Fig - axis in the groove of the bracket, side view.

The front-end fast-mounted loader consists of a mounted device 1 (Fig. 1), a lifting device 2, an unloading device 3, two hydraulic cylinders 4 of a lifting device 2, a working body 5, a mechanism 6 for plane-parallel movement of the working body 5, two hydraulic cylinders 7 of the tipping of the working body 5, support 8 (Fig. 1, 2).

The hinged device 1 is intended for communication of the lifting device with the tractor and consists of the right 10 and left 11 panels (Figs. 3, 4, 5) attached to the side members 9 (Fig. 1) of the tractor, connected by a beam 12, and with the sleeves 13 semiaxes (Figure 1) of the rear wheels 14 of the tractor - unloading device 3.

The panels are welded structures and consist, for example, of the left panel 11 of a vertically oriented plate 15 (Figs. 3, 4, 5), to which the sidewall 16 of the U-shaped cross section is welded, pipes 17 with brackets 18 and 19 welded to it. The bracket 19 is made welded box section. To the pipe 17 from two sides of the bracket 19 are welded plate 20 (Fig.4, 5) of the vertical platform 21. The platform 21 is made with two through holes 22.

The bracket 18 is made with horizontal 23 and vertical 24 grooves. The upper wall 25 of the horizontal groove 23 has a shorter length than the lower wall 26 (Figure 4). The wall 26 in the front part has an inclined platform 27. The frontal wall 28 of the bracket 18 is made of a convex variable radius of curvature - in the upper part 29 has a smaller radius of curvature. The rear wall 30 of the vertical groove 24 has a height greater than that of the front wall 31. The rear side 32 of the bracket 18 is chamfered 33.

The plate 15 of the panel 11 has front and rear three holes 34 and 35 (Figs. 3, 4) for attaching it to the spar 9 of the tractor. The rear holes 35 are oblong.

Stand 36 of the lifting device 1 consists of two sidewalls 37 (Fig. 1, 2, 6, 8, 9), brackets 38 of the mechanism 6 for plane-parallel movement of the working body 5, brackets 39 of the frame of the lifting device 2, brackets 40 of the hydraulic cylinder 4, catchers 41, movable the lever 42 of the rod 43, the latch 44, the return spring 45, the lever 46, the spring latch 47, the locking axis 48.

The rod 43 is located between the sidewalls 37 (Fig.6, 9, 10, 11) in the guide holes 49 and 50 of the transverse plates 51 and 52 welded to the sidewalls 37, with the possibility of its movement up and down. The rod 43 is a rod 53 of variable cross section, to which a U-shaped bracket 54 is attached. In the holes 55 (Figs. 7, 9, 10, 11) of the latter, the axis 48 is rotatably set. It is made with parallel guide chamfers 56 of approximately 1 length / 4 axis length 48.

In the shank 57 of the axis 48, a through hole 58 is made, where the lever 46 is placed and fixed by a bolt 59. The hole 58 is parallel to the chamfers 56 of the axis 48. The lever 46 in the horizontal position is fixed using a spring latch 47 mounted on the bracket 60 with a special washer 61 ( Fig.9).

The rod 43 is provided with a protrusion against which the return spring 45 abuts. The spring 45 abuts against the plate 51 with its upper end. The U-shaped bracket 54 is attached to the rod 43 by means of a nut 62 (Figure 10), screwed onto the threaded end of the rod 43.

The lifting device consists of a lifting frame 2, racks 36 (Figure 2) with a rigid fixation mechanism for attachments and lifting equipment, support 8, pipelines 63 of the hydraulic system, traction system 64, brackets 65, mechanism 6 for plane-parallel movement of the working body 5. Hydraulic cylinder 4 for lifting the frame mounted in the brackets 40 of the rack 36. The support 8 is pivotally mounted in the brackets 65 of the transverse pipe 66 of the lifting frame 2.

The lifting frame 2 consists of two hollow arrows 67 of a welded structure, interconnected by a transverse pipe 66. At both ends of the arrows there are bushings 68 for their hinged attachment to the rack 36 and the working body 5.

The latch 44 is mounted on the cover 69 (Fig.6, 8, 9), made removable U-shaped section using the axis 70. The cover 69 is attached to the sidewalls 37 using bolts or bolts and nuts installed in the holes 71 and 72 of the cover 69 and sidewall 37. The latch 44 is made in the form of a figured plate with an inclined lower edge 73. On the latch 44 and the cover 69 there are pins 74 and 75 connected to each other by a spring 76. In the cover 69 there is a groove 77 of rectangular cross section, in the upper part of which there is a rounded extension 78.

The lever 42 is a welded structure and consists of a rod 79 and a fork 80, which is provided with elongated grooves 81, where the pin 82 is placed. The lever 42 is attached to the sidewalls 37 using the axis 83, mounted on the rod 43 with the possibility of rotation relative to the latter.

In the brackets 40 of the rack 36, vertical grooves 84 are made. In the lower part, the groove 84 has an expansion 85 of a circular shape, the diameter of which is approximately equal to the diameter of the locking axis 48. As a result, the locking axis 48 can only be rotated in the lower position. It does not have the ability to spontaneously move from a lower position upward along the vertical groove 84 of the bracket 40 without prior rotation of 90 °. Rotation is possible only in the lower extreme position of the axis 48 after it is released from the latch 47.

The brackets 40 are provided with an axis 86 welded to them (FIGS. 6, 10), the diameter of which is approximately equal to the width of the horizontal groove 23 of the bracket 18. The diameter of the fixing axis 48 is approximately equal to the width of the vertical groove 24. The distance between the opposite chamfers 56 of the axis 48 is equal to the width of the groove 84. The width of the groove 84 allows you to set the axis 48 in it only in one position with vertically oriented chamfers 56.

The platform 21 of the hinge plate 11 and the unloading device 3 are interconnected using bolts placed in the holes 22 and nuts. The brackets 19 of the hinge panels 10 and 11 are provided with round flanges 87, to which the flanges 89 of the beam 12 are connected using bolts 88 (Fig. 8).

The support 8 of the lifting device 2 is pivotally connected to the arms 65 welded to the transverse pipe 66.

For mounting the pipelines 63 supplied to the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 7, brackets 90 are provided (Figs. 3, 4, 5) welded to the brackets 19, and for mounting the tractor headlights, platforms 91 are welded to the pipes 17 of the panels 10 and 11 (tractor headlights not shown).

Catcher 41 is made in the form of a rectangular plate with one bent end. The bent ends of the catchers 41 protrude outward and are oriented in opposite directions from each other.

Preliminary preparation of the attachment includes the following. The panels 10 and 11 are attached to the tractor side members with bolts that are placed in the holes 34 and 35. Unloading devices 3 are attached to the platforms 21 of the panels 10 and 11. The brackets 19 of the panels 10 and 11 are connected by a beam 12 using bolts and nuts. The hydraulic couplings connecting the high pressure hoses are attached to the brackets of 90 racks 36.

Mounting-mounting the lifting device 2 of the loader, located on a flat platform and held by a support 8, on the tractor is as follows. The operator unlocks the lever 42 from the latch and rotates it 90 ° (on the left stand clockwise, on the right counterclockwise). The latter at the same angle rotates axis 48 relative to its geometric axis. Chamfers 56 of the axis 48 are oriented in a vertical position. By lifting the movable lever 46, the rod 43 moves vertically upward along the grooves 84 of the bracket 40 (FIGS. 10, 11) and in the holes 49 and 50 of the transverse plates 51 and 52 and compresses the return spring 45. With the lever 46, the axis 48 rises to its highest position and the lever 46 in this position it is locked by means of the latch 44. The tractor feeds the bracket 18 of the hinged device 1 previously mounted on it to the lifting device 2 located on a flat horizontal platform. The groove 23 of the bracket 18 is fed to the fixed axis 86 of the rack 36. The fixed axis 86 enters the groove 23 of the bracket 18 against the wall. In case of mismatch between the geometric axes of the fixed axis 86 and the horizontal groove 23, the axis 86 is fed upward by the inclined platform 27 of the lower wall 26 of the bracket 18. The frontal wall 28 of the bracket 18 also contributes to the orientation of the axis 86, which when lifted through the fixed axis 48 raises the rack 36 of the lifting device 2. In the vertical plane, the bracket 18 is oriented using catchers 41 of the rack 36. The axis 86, being in a fixed position, prevents the lifting device 2 from moving relative to the attachment device 1 vertically th plane.

After placing the axis 86 in the horizontal groove 23, the tractor feeds the attachment device 1 stops. The lever 42 of the rack 36 orientates the rod 43 with the fixing axis 48 opposite the vertical groove 24 of the bracket 18. In this case, the axis 48, being in its highest position, abuts against the wall 30 of the groove 24 and does not have the ability to move further than the groove 24. The lever 42 is released by the operator. To do this, the lever 42 is lifted from the latch 44, the latch 44 is rotated 90 ° and releases the groove 77 to move the lever 42 with the rod 43 and the axis 48 along the groove 77 to the lower position. The rod 43 under the action of the return spring 45 moves the axis 48 into the groove 24 to the lower position. In this case, the chamfers 56 of the axis 48 are oriented vertically and move into the groove 84 of the bracket 40. When the axis 48 reaches the lowest position — the expansion 85 of the round shape of the groove 84 — it is rotated by the lever 46 relative to the geometric axis and fixed by the latch 47. The chamfers 56 of the axis 48 are oriented horizontally. The axis 48 in this position does not have the ability to move vertically along the groove 84, since the width of the latter is less than the diameter of the shaft. This prevents the lifting device 2 and the attachment device 1 from moving relative to each other in horizontal and vertical planes.

The high-pressure hoses supplying the working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders are connected by hydraulic couplings to the pipelines or high-pressure hoses fixed to the brackets 90.

Removing and disassembling the lifting device 2 of the loader from the tractor is carried out in the reverse order.

After removing the lifting device 2, the linkage mechanism 1 and the unloading device 3 from the tractor are not removed. They do not interfere with transport and field work.

The fast-mounted front-end loader will significantly reduce the load on the tractor frame and front axle due to the quick dismantling of the loader when using the tractor in field and transport work, increase the tractor's efficiency, its productivity and reduce downtime during installation and dismantling.

Claims (5)

1. Front-end fast-mounted loader containing an attachment attached to tractor spars, a quick-release lifting device, a mechanism for plane-parallel movement of the working body, an unloading device, characterized in that the attachment contains a bracket with two horizontal and vertical grooves, where a fixed, welded to the brackets of the sidewalls, and the movable fixing axis of the rack of the lifting device, and the locking axis is made with chamfers, the distance between which is equal to w Irine groove of the bracket of the rack of the lifting device, and placed in the holes of the rod bracket installed in the holes of the transverse plates of the rack with the possibility of moving up and down. 2. The loader according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod is made in the form of a rod of variable cross section with a protrusion for emphasis and orientation of the return spring, contains a U-shaped bracket, the holes of which are rotatably mounted with a fixing axis, a pin placed in elongated grooves pivotally attached to the sides of the fork of the rod drive lever, and installed in the guide holes of the transverse racks of the rack. 3. The loader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the locking axis is moved up with the lever, and down under the action of the return spring mounted between the plate and the rod protrusion. 4. The loader according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove of the bracket is made with a circular extension in its lower part, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the fixing axis. 5. The loader according to claim 1, or 2, or 4, characterized in that the walls of the horizontal and vertical grooves are made of different lengths, the lower wall of the horizontal groove and the rear wall of the vertical groove orienting the fixed and fixing axes when mounting the lifting device over the corresponding grooves of the brackets panels.

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