RU2293461C1 - Apparatus for subsurface local application of mineral fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, pre-sowing local strip application of fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has single-disk shank comprising carrier-casing, flat disk, seed guide, fertilizer guide, protecting shield with window and shoe. Fertilizer guide is mounted on single disk shank and is provided with mineral fertilizer divider positioned immediately after protecting shield. Divider is made in the form of cone having certain angle at its apex. Divider cone apex is positioned strictly in plane of symmetry of fertilizer guide. Seed guide is made in the form of two branch pipes, each positioned on individual single disk shank. Single disk shanks are positioned so as to allow regulation of depth and width of apparatus stroke independently from one another within wide range of depths and widths.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in utilization of mineral fertilizers by introducing main dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing aside and below planting material and provision for tight contacting of fertilizers with soil.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for terminating the main dose of mineral fertilizers during pre-sowing local soil-tape application.

Known devices for local subsoil local application of mineral fertilizers when sowing crops. For example: single-disc opener A.S. USSR No. 227746, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 30, 09.25.68, two-line keeled opener A.S. USSR No. 254917, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 32 of 10/17/69, single-disc opener A.S. 207509, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 2 of 12.22.67, combined opener A.S. 193196, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 6 of 02.03.67, etc.

These devices have a number of disadvantages: they do not provide stable fertilizer placement along the depth and width of the seed row; do not provide tight contact of fertilizers with soil; fertilizer is applied almost to the grain row placement area, which, according to agricultural requirements, is unacceptable when the main dose of mineral fertilizers is applied during sowing; the chaotic (not fixed) location of the fertilizer row relative to the grain, which does not correspond to the agricultural requirements for the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers; there is no adjustment of the depth and width of the stroke of the fertilizer coulter relative to the grain; soil lifting by working bodies.

A device is known for local application of mineral fertilizers during sowing (A.S. 193196, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 6 of 02.03.67), which includes two discs of different sizes mounted on a common axis. The small disc is equipped with a nozzle for sowing seeds, the large disc is equipped with a nozzle for sowing fat. The lower end of the fat pipe is biased forward and is located below the outlet grain pipe. At the ends of the nozzles mounted guides made in the form of flat plates.

The disadvantages of this device are: the inability to make the main dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing due to the fact that a large dose of fat due to the thin soil layer can burn the root system of plants; unstable process of placing a grain row due to the constant exposure of a walking fat branch pipe next; tight contact of introduced fertilizer with soil is not ensured.

A device for local application of mineral fertilizers during sowing (A.S. 207509, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 2 of 12/22/67), comprising a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and to the surface of the soil, seed guide and fertilizer guide, chistik and guard.

The disadvantages of this device are: the application of mineral fertilizers occurs in the area of placement of seed, which excludes the possibility of making the main dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing; the chaotic (not fixed) location of the fertilizer row relative to the grain, which does not correspond to the agricultural requirements for the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers; tight contact of introduced fertilizer with soil is not ensured.

A device is known for local application of mineral fertilizers during sowing (AS USSR No. 254917, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 32 of 10/17/69), consisting of a narralik with a seed channel attached to it, in which a distributor is installed, knife feeder with a channel for fertilizers.

The disadvantages of this device are: the lack of adjustment of the depth and width of the location of mineral fertilizers relative to the grain row; raising the soil with extreme grain knives-feeders, as a result of which tight contact of the introduced fertilizer with the soil is not ensured.

Of the known closest in technical essence is a single-disc opener (AS USSR No. 227746, IPC A 01 C 7/20, BI No. 30 25.09.68), consisting of a lead-case, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and the surface of the soil, the seed guide and the tap guide, the guard flap with a window and a fifth mounted at an angle to the surface of the guard flap. During operation, the coulter disc opens a furrow into which tuks are sown, partially covered by soil crumbling through the window in the cheek, and additionally by soil crumbling under the action of the heel, which forms a furrow with a sealed bottom for seeds. Seeds are filled up with soil by the closing organs.

The disadvantages of this device are: fuzzy separation of mineral and grain rows - the possibility of overlapping grooves; the impossibility of making the main dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing due to the insufficient zone of the soil layer; the impossibility of regulating the depth and width of the location of mineral fertilizers relative to the grain row; unstable process of placing a grain row due to the constant exposure of a walking fat branch pipe next; tight contact of introduced fertilizer with soil is not ensured.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known device. From its use, the following result can be obtained: the ability to ensure a stable process for making the main dose of mineral fertilizers in width and depth, with a fixed arrangement of fertilizers relative to the grain row; the possibility of making the main dose of mineral fertilizers when sowing to the side and below the seed at the required distances, varying within wide limits (the technology of differentiated use of mineral fertilizers); ensuring tight contact of fertilizer with soil.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the device for local subsoil local mineral fertilizer application a fertilizer guide is installed with a mineral fertilizer divider immediately behind the enclosing shield, which is a cone with an angle at the apex, with the apex of the divider cone located strictly in the plane of symmetry of the fertilizer guide, and the seed guide is made in the form two separate nozzles, each of which is mounted on a separate independent single disc coulter with the possibility of regulation of Ubin width and stroke single disc coulter, independently of each other in a wide range.

Figure 1 schematically shows a process diagram of a device for the differential application of the starting and main doses of mineral fertilizers when sowing grain crops.

Figure 2 shows a device for subsoil local application of mineral fertilizers in axonometric projection.

Figure 3 shows a single-disc opener with a tap guide and divider of mineral fertilizers in axonometric projection, figure 4 - in orthogonal projections of figure 3. View A (bottom) in figure 5 in the orthogonal projection of figure 4.

A device for introducing the main dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing includes a single-disc opener consisting of a lead-case 1 (FIGS. 2, 3), a flat disk 2 mounted on a lead-case at an angle to the direction of movement and the soil surface mounted on a lead -the housing 1 of the guide 4, which, in turn, is connected to the fertilizer hopper through a pipeline. On the side of the guide 4, a guard 5 is attached, with a window 6, fifth 7. Directly behind the guard 5 on the guide 4, a fertilizer divider 9 is installed, which is a cone with an angle at the apex, and the tip of the divider is located strictly in the plane of symmetry of the guide 4. The lead-body is supported by an independent half frame by means of rubber inserts 8, which, in turn, play the role of a damper device for it. The seed guide 3 is made in the form of two separate nozzles, each of which is connected to a grain (fertilizer and grain - depending on the sowing technology) hopper and mounted on a separate independent single disc coulter, also attached to an independent half frame by means of rubber inserts 8, in order to regulation of the depth and width of the stroke of these single-disc openers, independently from each other over a wide range.

Thus, a single-disc opener with fertilizer guide 4 and a fertilizer divider 9 is attached to one independent half frame, and single-disc openers with seed guides 3 are attached to another, thereby forming a device for local subsoil fertilizer application.

The operation of this device for intrasoil local application of mineral fertilizers is as follows.

When the device for intrasoil local fertilizer application at a given depth moves, the soil under the action of a flat disk 2, set at an angle to the direction of movement and to the soil surface, as well as the guard flap 5, moves to the sides, which leads to the opening of the groove. From the fertilizer hopper, by means of the guide 4, the granules of the fertilizers randomly fall to the bottom of the formed groove. While the groove is still open, and the tuccule granules “calmed down”, the fertilizer divider 9, rigidly attached to the guide 4 immediately behind the guard flap 5, which is a cone with an angle at the apex, cuts through a randomly formed row, dividing it into two equal parts. At the same time, granules of tuks move to the sides of the top of the cone of the fertilizer divider 9 along its inclined generators by the size of the base of the cone, which is selected depending on the selected row spacing and agrotechnical requirements for the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers during sowing.

Thus, the main dose of mineral fertilizers is introduced by introducing fertilizer granules of two formed rows with inclined generators of the cone of the fertilizer divider 9 with a strictly fixed arrangement relative to the grain rows, formed by the next single disc coulters with seed guides 3 attached to an independent half frame, with the possibility of adjusting the depth and the width (row spacing) of the stroke over a wide range, depending on the accepted sowing technology. The process of formation and opening of a groove for a single-disc opener with seed guide 3 is similar to that described above for a single-disc opener with a fertilizer 4 and mineral fertilizer divider 9, with the only difference that seeds (or seeds and the starting dose of mineral fertilizers) are supplied to the seed guide 3 sowing) from a grain (or grain fertilizer — see FIG. 1) hopper, and a randomly formed grain (or grain fertilizer) furrow is not subjected to division, since there is no divider on these coulters.

Thus, fat granules are introduced into the soil with tight contact and approach the grain rows at a distance specified by the base of the cone of the fertilizer divider, thereby ensuring the fulfillment of agrotechnical requirements for sowing grain crops with simultaneous differentiated application of mineral fertilizers to the side and deeper than the grain material.

After the passage of the device for intrasoil local application of mineral fertilizers, the soil closes the grooves under the action of the closing organs.

According to the given technological scheme of the device for local subsoil local fertilizer application when sowing grain crops (Figs. 1, 2) per one fertilizer guide made on a single-disc opener with a fertilizer divider 9, which is a cone with an angle at the apex, there are two seed guides 3, each of which are installed separately on independent single disc openers.

Claims (1)

A device for local subsurface mineral fertilizing, comprising a single-disc opener, including a lead-body, a flat disk, seed guide, tap guide, guard flap with a window and a fifth, characterized in that the guide guide is mounted on a single-disc coulter and equipped with a guard located directly behind the guard rail made in the form of a cone with an angle at the apex, with the apex of the divider cone located strictly in the plane of symmetry of the guide, and the seed fir made in the form of two separate branch pipes, each of which is mounted on a separate, independent single disc coulter, the single disc coulters are mounted for controlling the depth and width of the travel independently over a wide range.

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