RU2293389C2 - Electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering, possible use for manufacturing electromagnetic neutral relays.

SUBSTANCE: electromagnet contains cores with windings, mounted in parallel on base, aforementioned cores also having L-shaped polar tips, separated from each other by non-magnetic gap, and also symmetric rotary anchor, cores with windings and L-shaped polar tips being combined in modules, consisting of several cores with windings and polar tips, mounted on base one below other. In each module windings of cores are connected with possible addition of magnetic flows created by them in cores, while part of every polar tip is positioned in gap between two adjacent parallel mounted modules in parallel to axis of core with possible interaction with part of symmetric rotary anchor mounted also between modules, located on one side of symmetric rotary anchor axis, perpendicular to axis of cores, while parts of polar tips of cores of two adjacent modules, positioned between these modules, are directed towards each other, and in first and last module cores are magnetically connected.

EFFECT: decreased dimensions and weight, decreased overheating of windings, increased working force.

3 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used for the manufacture of electromagnetic neutral relays designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy in various devices: low-current neutral relays; contactors; remote switches, switches, etc.

Known designs and magnetic circuits of single and double coil neutral relays (V.Z. Roisen, “Electromagnetic small-sized relays”, Energoatomizdat, 1986, Leningrad, fig. 1-1; 1-2; 1-4, p. 8- fourteen).

At the same time, of all the relays produced, the double-coil relay of the RES 59 (REC 90) type has 0.015 W with a switched current of 1 A.

The creation of a similar relay with a decrease in mass and size and with the preservation or improvement of response parameters and switching power remains an urgent task for use in all areas of technology.

The main and main feature of the described circuits containing a symmetrical balanced armature is, as a rule, an all-metal armature mounted with the possibility of rotation and conducting magnetic flux perpendicular to the axis of rotation from pole to pole.

Closest to the claimed relay is an electromagnet with a balanced relay armature (see M.I. Vitenberg. "Calculation of electromagnetic relays." Energy, 1975, Leningrad, pp. 23-27, Fig. 1-7), which consists of two round cores with windings electrically connected to each other by means of a jumper mounted on a rack. On the opposite side of the jumper connection of the cores, L-shaped pole pieces are installed, as well as a balanced rotary type armature with the possibility of interacting with the pole pieces, while the plane of the armature passes through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the coils.

Such a relay has the following disadvantages. It has a fairly large size, due to the relatively large size of the windings, which is necessary for the development of a certain mechanical force at the anchor, which makes them difficult to use in devices where the volume to accommodate such relays is limited.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to reduce the dimensions and weight due to the new mutual arrangement of structural elements, as well as reducing overheating of the windings by improving thermal dissipation in the cores. The technical result is also an increase in the torque created by the electromagnet, and, as a result, an increase in the working force.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in an electromagnet containing parallel cores on the base with windings and L-shaped pole pieces separated by a non-magnetic gap from each other, as well as a symmetrical rotary armature, cores with windings and L-shaped pole pieces combined into modules, which are several cores with windings and pole pieces, installed parallel to one another on the base, and in each core winding module with are single with the ability to sum the magnetic fluxes generated by them in the cores, and a part of each pole piece is located between two adjacent parallel mounted modules parallel to the core axis with the possibility of interacting with a part of a symmetrical rotary armature also installed between the modules, located on one side of the axis of the symmetric rotary anchors perpendicular to the axis of the cores, while the parts of the pole lugs of the cores of two adjacent modules located between These modules are directed opposite each other, and in the first and last module the cores are magnetically connected.

To create a lighter structure, a symmetrical rotary anchor can be made in the form of two plates connected by jumpers at the top and bottom, in which an opening is made for the axis.

To ensure short-term operation or to increase the working force, permanent magnets can be placed on the pole tips of the electromagnet in the inter-winding space with the possibility of magnetic coupling with the pole tips of two adjacent modules and the creation of opposite potential magnetic potentials on the pole tips of the magnet.

Figure 1 shows the inventive electromagnet.

Figure 2 - pole tips of two modules mounted on the base.

Figure 3 schematically shows possible embodiments of a device with three or more modules, with two or more anchors.

In Fig.4 - an electromagnet with permanent magnets.

The drawings show the following nodes and elements:

In figure 1, 2: 1, 2, 3, 4 - pairwise connected cores, 1 and 2 form one module, 3, 4 - another.

Cores 7, 8, 9, 10 are installed on the pole pieces 1, 2, 3, 4. The pole pieces are mounted on the base 5, the plate 6 can be located on top. The pole pieces 7 and 8 are separated by a non-magnetic gap in which the plate 11 can be mounted from non-magnetic material. The pole pieces 9, 10 are also divided.

The parts of the L-shaped pole pieces are located in the inter-winding space, forming planes for interaction with the part of the symmetrical rotary armature 12, located on one side of the axis of the symmetric rotary armature, perpendicular to the axis of the cores, also installed in the inter-winding space on the axis 13, perpendicular to the axis of the cores. The cores 1 and 2 of one module are connected by jumpers 19 installed at the ends of the cores opposite to the ends on which the pole pieces are mounted.

Anchor 12 can be made of two parallel plates 14, 15, connected at the top and bottom by jumpers 16, 17, in which holes are made for the axis 13. The return spring 18 allows you to return the anchor to an inoperative position.

In Fig. 3 (a) a diagram (top view) of one module of the inventive electromagnet is presented, in Fig. 3 (b) is a diagram of one intermediate module of the inventive electromagnet, in Fig. 3 (c, d, e) - with three or more modules (1, 2, 3, 4 ...), with two or more anchors (5, 6, 7, 8). In this case, pairs of modules of the electromagnet are formed by each module with the subsequent module, and symmetrical rotary anchors are installed in each gap between the modules of the pair. The cores of the first and last modules are magnetically interconnected, for example, by jumpers of magnetic material, as shown in Fig. 1, and the cores of the middle modules have L-shaped pole pieces on both sides.

Figure 4 (a, b) shows the inventive electromagnet, on the parts of the pole tips of two adjacent modules of which are located in the intermodule space, permanent magnets are installed, each of which is a plate magnetically connected to the pole pieces. The poles of magnets mounted on the pole pieces create magnetic potentials that are opposite in sign. In this case, the axis of the symmetric rotary armature is made up of upper and lower parts, one of which is rotatably fixed on the base 5, and the other on the plate 6.

The inventive electromagnet operates as follows. When applying electric current to the windings of the electromagnet in each of the pole pieces 1, 2, 3, 4 (Fig. 1), magnetic fluxes are created, which are summed in the module. Moreover, depending on the need to create one or another in magnitude and direction of the magnetic flux, the windings of one module can be connected in series, parallel or counter-parallel. The consequence of such connections is a change in the resistance of the electromagnet windings, which affects the amount of power consumption. The magnetically motive force created by the module windings in the cores attracts the magnetic part of the symmetrical rotary armature, closing the magnetic flux of the module through the non-magnetic gap between the pole pieces. In this case, one part of the symmetrical armature, located on one side of its axis, is attracted to the pole pieces of one module, and the other to the pole pieces of another module. Symmetrical swivel armature conducts magnetic flux parallel to the axis of rotation. Each module creates half the torque of a symmetrical rotary armature, the total torque is the sum of the forces created by the two modules. In pairs, each two module windings, when current is passed through them, form a magnetic module with a circuit consisting of 2 cores, pole lugs and a plate of a symmetrical rotary armature (or part thereof). At the same time, jumpers connecting their cores are included in the magnetic circuit of the extreme modules. Each of these flows acts on one half of the anchor. Magnetic fluxes in the cores are added up. The symmetric rotary anchor (s) rotates.

When the windings are connected in series at a given voltage, the operating current is minimal. Such devices have increased sensitivity and can be used, for example, when controlling from electronic circuits. And with a parallel connection, the electromagnet has great power, which allows you to use it for the development of large efforts.

When using permanent magnets (Fig. 4), due to the creation of an additional magneto-driving force, the effective force increases, and it is also possible to create the initial force of attraction of the armature without further applying voltage to the windings. In this case, for the subsequent shutdown of the electromagnet, voltage of the opposite sign is applied to the windings.

Due to the increase in the number of cores and windings, the total external area of the windings, the total surface area of the cores increases, which helps to improve the conditions of heat dissipation from the electromagnet, its cooling.

The number of anchors in the inventive electromagnet is not structurally limited, but only limited by the efficiency of the ratio of the developed total torque at the anchors and the energy consumption of the windings.

When applying the claimed invention in the design of low-current relays, one-, two- and three-arm circuits are of practical importance, with each armature controlling the closing-opening of its own pair of contacts.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to organize the production of a wide range of products using the same type, standardized elements.

Compared with the known electromagnets, the inventive electromagnet has the most dense packaging of all elements in the relay volume; there are no voids in the zones of the armature and pole pieces, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in the mass of electromagnets.

In the case of performing a symmetric rotary armature, as shown in figure 2, the armature plate, conducting the magnetic flux, have an extremely low resistance due to the small size of the working section, while significantly reducing the scattering fluxes. A rather large length of the symmetrical rotary armature - the length is comparable with the length of the core, allows you to increase the torque created by the electromagnet.

Performing a symmetric rotary armature, as shown in Fig. 2, allows to reduce the weight of the armature, which significantly improves the resistance of the relay to mechanical factors (vibration, shock), increases the speed of the electromagnet - the response speed, and also improves the damping conditions of the symmetric rotary armature operation (contact bounce).

The material of the axis of rotation is not associated with the brand of magnetic material of the anchor. In the vast majority of modern relays, the axis of rotation of the armature (trunnion) are machined from billets of electrical material, which is subsequently subjected to deep thermal annealing, and have very poor wear resistance. In the proposed design, the axis is a separate part without restrictions on the grade and condition of the material. In addition, the plates of the symmetric rotary armature are small and do not require mechanical treatment, therefore, they can be made of expensive and difficult to process alloys such as permendur or supermendur, for example, grade 49K2FA, which have the best magnetic properties.

Claims (3)

1. An electromagnet containing parallel-mounted cores on the base with windings and L-shaped pole pieces separated by a non-magnetic gap from each other, as well as a symmetrical swivel armature, characterized in that the cores with L-shaped windings and pole pieces are combined into modules , representing several cores with windings and lugs, parallel mounted on the base under each other, and in each module the core windings are connected with the possibility of summation of the magnetic fluxes created by them in the cores, and a part of each of the pole pieces is located between two adjacent parallel-mounted modules parallel to the axis of the core with the possibility of interaction with a part of a symmetrical rotary armature also installed between the modules, located on one side of the axis of the symmetric rotary armature, perpendicular axis of the cores, while the parts of the pole pieces of the cores of two adjacent modules located between the two modules are directed towards It is important to each other, and in the first and last module, the cores are magnetically connected. 2. The electromagnet of claim 1, characterized in that the symmetrical pivoting armature is made in the form of two plates connected by jumpers at the top and bottom, in which a hole for the axis is made. 3. The electromagnet of claim 1, characterized in that on the pole tips of the electromagnet in the inter-winding space there are permanent magnets with the possibility of magnetic coupling with the pole tips of two adjacent modules and create in each module on the pole tips of magnetic potentials of opposite sign.

Images