RU2283226C1 - Line for processing wear tyres - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: line comprises cutting devices whose first cutting head has an assembly of milling cutters, cyclone, device for removing metallic cord, device for removing textile cord made of air duct with air-pressure operated system, and device for separating metallic cord with the transporter. The line is provided with a mechanism for securing the tyres and feeding them to the cutting zone. The air ducts are mounted above the cutting units. The device for separating metallic cord is provided with the magnetic drum with comb. The device for removing the textile cord is mounted downstream of the transporter of the device for separating metallic cord. The cutting device is provided with the second cutting head made of a cylinder with screw cutting edge arranged along the generatrix of its surface. The first and second cutting heads are mounted for permitting simultaneous rotation in the same direction counter to the direction of rotation of the tire to be processed under pressure.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency reduced power consumption.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing worn tires containing metal and textile cord, in order to obtain a rubber powder suitable for road construction as a component for asphalt concrete, as well as for use as a raw material in the production of regenerate, as an additive in the manufacture of various rubber products.

The technological process of grinding worn tires is multi-stage, and different types of grinders are usually installed in the line. In this regard, many well-known methods of processing tires include a multi-stage long process chain of operations, where at the first stage an intermediate product is obtained, and then this product is brought to the state of the necessary raw material in several stages. Moreover, any unnecessary operation leads to a rise in price of the final result. The resulting raw materials become unprofitable.

Known line for the processing of worn tires and the method in accordance with it, presented in the description of the invention to the patent of Russia No. 2091226, class. V 29 V 17 / 00.17 / 02, publ. 27.09.97.

The known method includes the following technological operations: cutting the tires into parts, grinding the parts to obtain the original rubber powder, its subsequent magnetic separation, then finely divided powder grinding, followed by its separation into three fractions - fine, medium and large, repeated fine grinding of powder of a large fraction with subsequent re-separation of the obtained powder into three of the same fractions, and the coarse powder is again returned to re-grinding until and all of the powder will not be crushed to the desired particle size.

The known line contains a crusher interconnected by conveyors to obtain the original rubber powder from tires or their parts, a cyclone, a magnetic separator, three finely divided grinders, two vibrating screens, each of which is designed to separate the powder into three fractions - small medium and large, and two storage hopper for fine and medium fractions of the powder, connection with the corresponding outputs of the first and second vibrating screens, and the output of the crusher through a cyclone, a magnetic separator and an intermediate storage hopper with it is single with the input of serially connected first and second fine grinders, the output of which is connected to the input of the first vibrating screen, the outputs of both vibrating screens for a large fraction of rubber powder are connected through the corresponding intermediate hopper to the input of the third fine grinder, the output of which is connected to the input of the second vibrating screen.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the line design and the complexity of the method, especially in terms of pre-grinding tires.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a tire tire recycling line, which includes a machine for cutting tires into pieces, a hammer mill, a fine grinder, cord removal devices and a classifier for fractioning pieces of rubber and crumbs. An improvement of this line is that a feeder is installed at the entrance to the hammer mill for uniform feeding of material into the mill, ensuring the duration of the mechanical impact of the hammers on the material, not exceeding the relaxation time of the material. (Russian patent No. 2140357, class B 29 B 17/00; 17/02, publ. 10.27.99.)

In a known technical solution, the process of pre-grinding tires in the form of chopping or cutting them into pieces and further grinding in a hammer mill takes unreasonably much time and is very energy intensive. Devices in the line consume too much power, their tools are subject to large and quick wear. In addition, the rubber of tires under the influence of shock loads and grinding in the threshing machine heats up, its polymer bonds break down and it is unsuitable for further regeneration, therefore it requires mandatory further grinding to a fine powder in order to be suitable as additives in various mixtures.

The technical result consists in reducing energy and labor costs for pre-grinding, increasing the performance of grinding, simplifying the design and layout of the entire production line.

The technical task is achieved in that the line for processing worn tires includes cutting devices in which the first cutting head contains a set of cutters, a cyclone, a device for removing metal and a device for removing textile cord, made in the form of an air duct with a pneumatic system, a screen with grills for fractionation of rubber crumb and a device for separating a metal cord with a conveyor.

According to the invention, the line is equipped with a mechanism for mounting tires and feeding them into the cutting zone. Above each cutting device are air ducts of a pneumatic suction device. The device for separating the metal cord is equipped with a magnetic drum with a comb. A device for removing textile cord is located after the conveyor of the device for separating metal cord. The cutting device is equipped with a second cutting head, made in the form of a cylinder with a screw-shaped cutting edge located on its forming surface, the first and second cutting heads being installed with the possibility of simultaneous rotation in the same direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the processed tire under pressure. Washers are placed between the cutters of the first cutting head, and each cutter is made with cutting protrusions, the number of which is from three to five.

The technical result is achieved due to the following factors. Cutting the elastic material of worn rubber tires became possible after making mills for the cutting device. In order for the material not to have time to show its elastic properties and not to “fail”, the cutter tooth should not only cut, but cut at intervals. Conventional disk cutters with a large number of teeth in this cutting device would create more friction, therefore, would require more electricity to overcome this friction. The cutters used comprise from three to five cutting protrusions, most preferably four. Therefore, the cutting protrusions of the cutter during its rotation act on the tire with an interval, as if impact cutting, which allows overcoming friction. In addition, the processed tire, located on the rotation drive shaft in a horizontal position, is subject to pressure from the inside and from above, which also prevents the manifestation of the elastic properties of the material.

The implementation of the first cutting head allows during processing to cut grooves in the side surface of the tire. The execution of the second cutting head and the arrangement of both cutting heads during their joint operation allow cutting the protrusions formed after the grooves, since the cutting direction of the second cutting head is perpendicular to the cutting direction of the first head, although the rotation direction of both heads is the same.

This makes it possible to process the tire of any size entirely to the remainder of the bead ring, receiving immediately at the stage of preliminary grinding rubber crumb in a mixture with crushed metal and textile cord. Already one such cutting device provides significant energy savings and labor costs, therefore, increases productivity when processing a single tire. There can be several such cutting devices installed in the line, depending on the desired performance of the line itself, which is made possible by the mechanism for attaching and feeding tires to the cutting zone. The mixture obtained after cutting is taken by means of a pneumatic suction device, which simultaneously cools the tire material. The mixture is fed through a duct into a cyclone, from there to a conveyor containing a magnetic drum with a comb and a permanent magnet, whereby crushed metal cord particles are separated, while such a conveyor performs two functions at once: transporting the rubber crumb mixture obtained after all cutting devices to the place of the next processing , and separation of steel cord from it.

Since the textile cord is crushed into fluff in the cutting device, this allows it to be blown out with a directed stream of air (either suction or running) through the duct installed after the conveyor, and the crumb rubber is simply poured from the conveyor into a screen with sieves for fractionation and sent for further disposal. After the cutting device, 85% of the rubber chips from 0.02 mm to 3 mm in size are obtained, and only 15% of the crumbs from above. In this state, it is already suitable as an additive in the asphalt mix used, for example, in the manufacture of paving. If it is necessary to further grind large fractions of crumbs to a rubber powder used for other purposes, the line is equipped with an additional rotary grinder, as well as a device for grinding side rings.

Figure 1 shows a line for processing worn tires (top view). Figure 2 is the same side view. Figure 3 - tire feed mechanism into the cutting zone. Figure 4 - the first cutting head with cutters of a special configuration. Figure 5 - the second cutting head with a helical cutting edge. Figure 6 - options for the configurations of the mills of the first cutting head. 7 is a line of processing of worn tires in a perspective view.

The line for processing worn tires includes a frame 1, mounted at a certain height on the racks 2. On the frame 1 are fixed guides for the carriages 3 and the feed mechanism 4 of the carriages 3, which is a screw pair with a manual or mechanized drive. Each carriage 3 has a vertically located shaft 5 for accommodating and driving the rotation of the tire 6, a four-cam mechanism 7 for securing the processed tire from the inside, and also a hydraulic clamp for applying pressure on the tire 6 from above. The mechanism 7 is also located on the shaft 5 of the drive rotation of the tire 6. Devices 3,4, 7 form a mechanism for attaching and feeding the tire to the cutting device. In the line on one bed can be installed several cutting devices depending on the desired performance.

Each cutting device contains a first cutting head 8. On its vertically arranged shaft of rotation are placed mills 9 and washers 10 between them. Each cutter 9 has four cutting protrusions 11. The second cutting head 12 is made in the form of a cylinder with a vertically arranged shaft of rotation and with a helical cutting edge 13 located along the generatrix surface of the cylinder.

Above each cutting device there is a casing 14 of the pneumatic suction device 15 with an air duct 16 connected to the cyclone 17. The pneumatic suction device 15 is designed to withdraw from the cutting zone a mixture of crumb rubber with crushed metal and textile cord. The outlet of the cyclone 17 is located above the conveyor 18, which contains the conveyor belt 19, mounted on it with the possibility of oscillating movement of the comb 20 to mix the rubber crumb mixture and the magnetic drum 21 from a permanent magnet, which in General is a device for the magnetic separation of the metal cord. After the conveyor 18, a pneumatic system with an air duct 22 is installed to remove the textile cord. Behind the conveyor 18 is a screen 23 with sieves for fractioning the rubber crumb. The line also includes a rotary grinder 24 and a device for grinding the side rings 25.

The line is implemented as follows.

Worn tires 6 are fed by a crane beam and mounted on shafts 5 of a rotation drive located on each carriage 3. Using a hydraulic clamp and a four-cam mechanism 7, tires 6 are rigidly fixed and squeezed from the inside and from the top, after which they are rotated together with the fastening mechanisms. Carriages 3 with rotating tires 6 are fed along the guides to the cutting zone using the feed mechanism 4.

Then the cutting heads 8 and 12 are brought into rotation at the same time. The grooves are cut through the cutting head in the side surface of the tire 6, and the formed protrusions are cut using the cutting head 12, during the second revolution, the head 8 deepens the grooves and so on until the side rings remain, which are sent for grinding to an appropriate device 25.

As a result of the joint work of the cutting heads 8 and 12, a mixture of rubber crumb with crushed metal and textile cord is obtained. The mixture from each cutting device is taken by means of an air suction device 15 with an air duct 16 and fed to the cyclone 17. When leaving the cyclone, the exhaust air is cleaned with a filter, and the mixture of crumb rubber, metal cord and textile cord is collected and fed to conveyor 18. During transportation, the mixture stirred with a comb 20.

Upon exiting the conveyor 18, the metal cord held by the permanent magnet of the drum 21 falls under the action of gravity into a special hopper mounted under the conveyor 18 and is sent further for briquetting. At the same time, a chopped textile cord is blown or sucked off by a directed air stream and sent through the air duct of the pneumatic system 22 to a special hopper for textile cord; rubber crumb is poured onto the screen 23 by inertia of movement, where it is divided into the following fractions using sieves: powder 0.02 mm in size - about 5%; crumbs up to 1 mm - 30%; crumbs up to 3 mm - 50%, the rest - 15%. Rubber crumb larger than 3 mm is fed into the rotary grinder 24, and then through pneumatic conveying through a cyclone - again to the screen 23. Also come with rubber crumb obtained by grinding the side rings.

Claims (3)

1. A line for processing worn tires, containing cutting devices in which the first cutting head contains a set of cutters, a cyclone, a device for removing metal cord and a device for removing textile cord, made in the form of an air duct with a pneumatic system, a screen with sieves for rubber fractionation crumbs and a device for separating a metal cord with a conveyor, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for mounting tires and feeding them to the cutting zone located above each cutting device by the air ducts of the pneumatic suction device, the device for separating the metal cord is equipped with a magnetic drum with a comb, the device for removing textile cord is located after the conveyor of the device for separating the metal cord, and the cutting device is equipped with a second cutting head, made in the form of a cylinder with a helical cutting edge located along its forming surface, and the first and second cutting heads are mounted with the possibility of simultaneous rotation in the same nap equal to the opposite direction of rotation of the treated tire under pressure. 2. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that washers are placed between the cutters of the first cutting head. 3. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that each cutter is made with cutting protrusions, the number of which is from three to five.

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