RU2275288C1 - Embracing deforming tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal working.

SUBSTANCE: embracing deforming tool comprise housing and holder provided with the deforming members made of at least two embracing rings. The holders are movably mounted inside the housing by means of two disks with central openings. One of the disks is rigidly connected with the housing, and the other disk is rigidly connected to the face of the first disk by means of spacing bushings and screws. The holders are freely mounted between the disks by means of tension members made of extension springs. The embracing rings are mounted on the bearings in the central openings of the holders for permitting free rotation. The diametrically opposite grooves in the holders receive two compression springs. The tension members are secured to the spacing bushings. The adjusting screws are screwed in the planks secured to the disks.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular the production of tools for processing by surface plastic deformation (PPD) of the outer surfaces of parts of bodies of revolution.

Known three-roller device for rolling in non-rigid shafts, consisting of a holder with rollers, pivotally connected to the housing, which is mounted on the support of the machine [1].

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited application, narrow specialization (only for cylindrical surfaces) and low productivity, while to obtain high quality it is necessary to create large working forces, and this requires the use of rollers with a large radius of the profile, which negatively affects the overall dimensions and not always feasible.

At the same time, a significant amount of the plastic wave traveling in front of the deforming elements in the form of rollers or balls increases the likelihood of cracking and peeling of the processed surface layer.

A device for processing the outer surfaces of bodies of revolution, having a multi-element deforming tool in the form of rings covering the workpiece [2].

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited application and narrow specialization - only for cylindrical surfaces and low productivity.

The objective of the invention is to expand technological capabilities by providing processing of PPD of the outer surfaces of the bodies of revolution, as well as reducing costs, increasing productivity and improving manufacturing quality through the use of deforming elements in the form of spanning rings, significantly reducing the likelihood of cracking and peeling of the processed surface layer, and by using the same the machine on which the pre-treatment of the workpiece was carried out.

The problem is solved by the proposed female deforming tool for processing surface plastic deformation (PPD) of the outer surfaces of bodies of revolution such as non-rigid shafts and screws, comprising a housing and holders with deforming elements in the form of covering rings in an amount of at least two, and the holders are mounted movably by two disks with central holes, one of which is rigidly connected to the housing, and the other is rigidly attached to the end of the first disk using spacers and int, the holders are freely installed using braces in the form of tension springs between the disks, the female rings are mounted on bearings in the central holes of the holders with the possibility of free rotation, and in the peripheral diametrically opposite grooves of the holders there are two compression springs common to all the holders to create the necessary rolling force, the said stretch marks are mounted on spacer sleeves, while for the lateral displacement of the holders when installing the workpiece, adjustment screws, screw Mounted in disc brackets.

The essence of the design of the tool is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the processing of surface plastic deformation of a non-rigid screw of an oil producing screw pump by the proposed deforming tool with female rings on a lathe, a longitudinal section along AA in figure 2; figure 2 - deforming tool, a General view from the right along B (rotated) in figure 3; figure 3 - deforming tool, section bb in figure 2; figure 4 is a General side view of the block (consisting of two) holders of the deforming tool in the working position when rolling the screw; figure 5 is a General side view of a block (consisting of two) holders of a deforming tool in a free state, without a workpiece; in Fig.6 is a block (consisting of two) holders of the deforming tool indicating the direction and place of action of the rolling forces, left view in Fig.4; in Fig.7 - block holders indicating the direction and place of action of the rolling forces, a longitudinal section along G-G in Fig.6; Fig.8 is a deforming tool, a section DD in Fig.3.

The proposed tool is intended for processing by surface plastic deformation (PPD) - rolling in non-rigid, eccentric and conventional shafts, screws mainly with a large pitch, for example, the screws of oil pumps and other bodies of revolution with a multi-element deforming tool in the form of covering rings.

The female deforming tool comprises a body 1 of a welded structure, with which the tool is mounted, for example, on a support of a lathe. In the housing you can distinguish: half disk 2, located vertically, two mutually perpendicular horizontal strips 3 for fixing the housing in the tool holder of the caliper and stiffeners 4.

Surface plastic deformation is carried out by freely rotating deforming elements in the form of covering rings 5 in an amount of at least two, which are mounted on bearings 6 in the central holes of the holders 7.

The holders 7 (equal in number to the number of enclosing rings — the block of holders) freely contact each other with their end surfaces, only in the peripheral diametrically opposite grooves 8 of the holders are two compression springs 9 common to all the holders, creating the necessary rolling force P _about .

Compression springs 9 are installed in the grooves 8 on the strips 10, which are the supporting platforms for the springs and at the same time limiters of the lateral movements of the holders 7, made under the action of the springs 9, when removing the workpiece from the deforming tool (figure 5).

The holder block 7 is movably mounted in the housing 1 using two disks 11 and 12. The disks 11 and 12 have central openings for free passage of the workpiece. The disk 11 is rigidly connected to the half-disk 2 of the housing 1 by screws 13, and the other disk 12 is rigidly attached to the end of the disk 11 with the spacer sleeves 14 and screws 15. Between the disks 11 and 12, a holder block is freely mounted with a clearance along the sliding fit (H7 / h6) with a gap 7 with the help of extensions in the form of extension springs 16. The springs 16 are fixed at one end to the holder 7, and at the other end are fixed to the spacer sleeves 14. Spring extensions can be installed on each holder as well as on one due to the fact that all holders are combined into a block by compression springs 9.

Assembly of the deforming tool is carried out in the following sequence.

To the housing 1, welded from separate elements: half-disk 2, straps 3 and stiffeners 4, the disk 11 is attached with screws 13. The holder block 7 is separately assembled.

The assembly of the block of holders 7 consists in the installation of a bearing 6 in each holder 7 and a deforming element covering the rings 5 and their connection into the block by installing compression springs 9, which are compressed into the peripheral grooves 8 of the holders 7, and the braces 16 .

The general assembly of the deforming tool ends with the installation of the disk 12 and its fastening with the help of the rollers 14 with screws 15 with a preliminary installation between the disks 11 and 12 of the holder block 7 assembly, while the springs 16 are tensioned and fixed on the rollers 14 and the bars 25 with the screws 24 are set.

At the end of the assembly, a check is made and, if necessary, adjustment of the gaps between the disks 11 and 12 and the holder block 7 by installing washers (not shown) between the rollers 14 and the disk 11 or 12 for the purpose of free transverse displacement of the holder block 7 relative to the disks 11 and 12 without backlash.

The work of the proposed tool is carried out in the following sequence.

When finishing with surface plastic deformation - rolling in a shaft with a variable section 17 (for example, a screw of a screw pump having a profile and dimensions D, D ₁ , t, e, e ₁ shown in Fig. 1) with a deforming tool, a screw stock that has passed preliminary for example, turning, is fixed in the chuck 18 of the spindle 19 of the headstock 20, the tool is brought in and the free end of the screw blank is inserted into the hole of the tool and the center 21 of the tailstock 22 is pressed in. It is difficult to introduce blanks hole tool. Since the hole formed by the enclosing rings of adjacent holders in a free state will be smaller than the workpiece diameter to be machined, it is necessary to radially spread the holders, overcoming the resistance of the compression springs 9.

The separation of the holders 7 can be carried out in several ways: due to the longitudinal feed and forced separation of the holders due to the chamfer 23 on the workpiece, a special lever tool in the form of scissors (not shown) or the method shown in Fig. 8, in which the lateral displacement of the holders 7 is carried out adjusting screws 24, installed against the respective holders, by screwing them into strips 25, which are fixed in the grooves of the disks 11 and 12.

A rotational motion V _{s is} reported to the machined screw. The speed of rotation of the workpiece is set depending on the required performance, design features of the workpiece and equipment. Usually the speed is 30 ... 150 m / min.

определяют по формуле:The deforming tool is informed of a longitudinal feed S _pr in one direction of not more than 0.1 ... 3.0 mm / rev. Optimum feed

determined by the formula:

where k is the number of deforming elements;

S _e - supply to one deforming element, is taken for deforming covering rings, which are in cross section - a torus with a radius R on the inner surface (Fig.7), not more than 0.1 ... 0.5 mm / rev.

When switching to processing another screw size in the tool, it is enough to replace the holder block and deforming elements.

The proposed tool was processed by rolling the left screw H41.1016.01.001 of the screw oil pump EVN5-25-1500, which had the following dimensions: total length -1282 mm, length of the screw part - 1208 mm, cross-sectional diameter of the screw - D ₁ = 27 ^{-0, 05} mm, D = 30.3 mm, eccentricity e ₁ = 1.65 mm, e = 3.3 mm, pitch t = 28 ^{± 0.01} mm, roughness R _a = 0.4 μm; single-helical screw surface, left direction; material - steel 18HGT GOST 4543-74, hardness HB 207 ... 228, weight - 5.8 kg.

определяли по формуле

мм/об и принимали

мм/об, где k=2 - количество охватывающих колец в инструменте, высота охватывающих колец - 7,94 мм, следовательно, R=3,97 мм.Preliminary processing by turning and finishing processing by rolling was carried out on a mod screw-cutting lathe. 16K20, the peripheral speed of the workpiece - v _s = 84.78 m / min (1.41 m / s), n _s = 1000 rpm, longitudinal feed

determined by the formula

mm / rev and took

mm / rev, where k = 2 is the number of female rings in the tool, the height of female rings is 7.94 mm, therefore, R = 3.97 mm.

The breaking-in force was about ≈1700 N, the depth of the riveted layer was in the range 0.15 ... 0.20 mm; the value by which the size has changed after running-in - 0.01 ... 0.02 mm; Sulfofresol (5% emulsion) served as a lubricant-cooling fluid during the run-in.

мин по базовому варианту при традиционном шлифовании с помощью шлифовальной головки, с последующим полированием абразивной лентой ЛВТ 2200х55 Э4, 5-8-10 ГОСТ 12439-79 на токарном станке 1К62 на АО "Ливгидромаш").The required roughness and accuracy of the helical surface was achieved after T _m = 3.15 min (against

min according to the basic version with traditional grinding using a grinding head, followed by polishing with an abrasive belt ЛВТ 2200х55 Э4, 5-8-10 GOST 12439-79 on a lathe 1K62 at AO Livhydromash).

The control was carried out by an indicator bracket with an indicator ICh 10 B cells. 1 GOST 577-68. The cumulative error between any non-adjacent steps was not more than 0.1 mm, the clearance during the control by the straightedge of the protrusions forming in diameter was not more than 0.07 mm, which is permissible according to the technical specifications.

The advantages of the proposed floating multi-element tool with deforming female rings are:

- the possibility of rolling in non-rigid shafts and screws with an increase in machining accuracy (by 10 ... 20%) due to the rigid design of the holder (shape deviation no more than 10 ... 30 microns);

- run in at maximum feeds in comparison with the known single-element devices;

- ensuring a constant contact force of the deforming elements and the work surface;

- reduction of the error of the previous processing;

- the multi-element tool allows for multi-pass processing, due to which a higher quality of processing is achieved;

- unloading of machine components from unilateral application of force and the possibility of processing non-rigid workpieces;

- to form certain macro- and microgeometric forms of the treated surface, reduce roughness parameters - smooth surfaces, change the structure of the material - create a surface hardening and a certain stress state, favorably affecting wear resistance.

Thanks to the use of enveloping rings as deforming elements, the magnitude of the plastic wave traveling in front of the deforming elements is significantly reduced and the likelihood of cracking and peeling of the processed surface layer is reduced, and thanks to the use of the same machine on which the helical surface of the workpiece was pretreated, technological capabilities are expanded processing PPD eccentric shafts, screw surfaces of non-rigid screws with a large step and other rotation of their bodies, and also reduces processing costs, increased productivity and improved manufacturing quality.

The proposed tool for surface plastic deformation of helical and eccentric surfaces of non-rigid workpieces is easy to implement, while the deforming tool is simple in design and reliable in operation. The structural layer obtained on the surface of the workpiece has increased hardness and, accordingly, wear resistance and resistance to fatigue failure.

Using the proposed tool allows to increase processing productivity by 1.5 ... 2.0 times and to ensure high accuracy.

Information sources

1. Reference technologist-machine builder. In 2 vols. T.2 / Ed. A.G. Kosilova and R.K. Meshcheryakova. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1985. P.387, Fig. 6 - prototype.

2. A.S. SU No. 1764971 A, B 24 V 39/04. 09/30/1992 - a prototype.

Claims (1)

A female deforming tool for processing surface plastic deformation (PPD) of the outer surfaces of rotational bodies such as non-rigid shafts and screws, comprising a housing and holders with deforming elements in the form of covering rings in an amount of at least two, characterized in that the holders are movably mounted in the housing by means of two disks with central holes, one of which is rigidly connected to the case, and the other is rigidly attached to the end of the first disk with spacers and screws, the holders are freely installed the flax using stretch marks in the form of tension springs between the disks, the female rings mounted on bearings in the central holes of the holders with the possibility of free rotation, and in the peripheral diametrically opposite grooves of the holders are located two compression springs common to all holders to create the necessary rolling force, the said stretch marks are fixed spacer sleeves, while for the lateral displacement of the holders when installing the workpiece, adjustment screws are provided that are screwed into lanka.

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