RU2270964C1 - Solar power engineering module for transformation of receiving electromagnetic radiation and a system for its orientation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to solar power engineering and may find application in solar electric stations for direct transformation of solar energy.

SUBSTANCE: solar power engineering module for transformation of receiving electromagnetic radiation has solar panels of rectangular form with lateral reflectors mounted at an angle to photosensitive surface of panels which are in-series located on the supporting surface of bearing structure. In in-row intervals of the last thermal collectors are additionally introduced. They are installed under lateral reflectors of solar panels on the supporting surface of bearing structure. At that lateral reflectors of solar panels are fulfilled in the shape of semi-transparent plates with reflecting covering selective to diapason of the length of waves of transformed electromagnetic radiation. Besides lateral reflectors of solar panels are fulfilled optically translucent for infrared diapason of solar radiation spectrum.

EFFECT: the invention must provide increasing effectiveness photoelectric transformation of receiving electromagnetic radiation and increasing field of vision of the system of solar power engineering module.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to solar energy and may find application in solar power plants for the direct conversion of solar energy.

Known devices containing solar panels that convert solar energy into electrical energy, ohm. eg. Pat. 5647915, USA, IPC E 04 D 13/18; Pat. 2127008, Russia, IPC Н 01 L 31/05; Pat. 5697192, USA, IPC E 04 D 13/18, H 01 L 31/048.

The disadvantage of such devices is the relative low efficiency of using solar panels due to the low density of solar radiation entering the photosensitive surface of these panels.

Known photovoltaic modules that are equipped with various concentrators that increase the efficiency of using solar panels, see, for example, Pat.2137258, Russia, IPC H 01 L 31/042; Pat.2130669, Russia, IPC Н 01 L 31/042, 31/18.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention, chosen by the authors for the prototype, is a solar energy (photoelectric) module containing a supporting structure with rectangular solar panels mounted on it and solar radiation concentrators, see, for example, Pat. 2133415, Russia, IPC F 24 J 2/42, 2/08, H 02 N 6/00.

The known orientation system of the solar energy module includes a sun tracking unit connected by an output to a supporting structure, a photoelectric sensor optically coupled by its input to a source of converted electromagnetic radiation, and connected to an input of a tracking unit by an output, see Pat. 2222755, Russia, MKP F 24 J 2/14, 2/42.

The disadvantages of the technical solutions are their reduced performance characteristics:

1) The relatively low efficiency of the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy, due to the additional heating of the solar panels by radiation reflected from the concentrators, which direct to the panels not only the useful (ultraviolet and visible) part, but also the infrared part of the spectral range of the input radiation, which reduces the efficiency photoelectric conversion of solar radiation.

2) A relatively small field of view of the orientation system, due to the small angular size of the receiving area of the photoelectric sensor.

Using the proposed inventions, a technical result is achieved consisting in increasing the efficiency of the photoelectric conversion of the received electromagnetic radiation and in increasing the field of view of the orientation system of the solar energy module.

In accordance with the proposed inventions, the above technical result is achieved in that in a solar energy module for converting the received electromagnetic radiation, including rectangular solar panels arranged regularly on the supporting surface of the supporting structure, with side reflectors mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surface of the panels in the row spacing of the latter, additionally introduced heat collectors installed under the side reflectors of solar panels fir on the supporting surface of the supporting structure, while the side reflectors of the solar panels are made in the form of translucent plates, with a reflective coating, selective to the wavelength range of the converted electromagnetic radiation.

In addition, the side reflectors of the solar panels are optically transparent for the infrared range of the solar radiation spectrum.

In addition, the sum of the areas of the absorbing surfaces of the introduced thermal collectors is equal to the sum of the areas of the projections of all the side reflectors of the solar panels on the supporting surface of the supporting structure.

In the orientation system, including a tracking unit connected by an output to the supporting structure, a first photoelectric sensor optically coupled by its input to a source of converted electromagnetic radiation, and an output connected to the first input of the tracking unit, a second photoelectric sensor connected by an output to the second input provided on tracking unit, while the first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted under the side reflectors of one of the solar panels mirror-symmetrically relative about the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the latter, and in the aforementioned side reflectors, channels are provided for the passage of the optical signal during optical pairing of the input of the first or second photoelectric sensors when the module is disoriented with the converted electromagnetic radiation source, respectively, through the side reflector of the solar panel opposite the corresponding photoelectric sensor.

In addition, the first and second photoelectric sensors are located in the joints of the solar panel and the bases of its side reflectors.

In addition, the first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted in brackets mounted on the supporting surface of the supporting structure.

In addition, the orientation system of the solar energy module further comprises vignetting devices in the form of protective visors installed in front of the inputs of the photoelectric sensors.

In addition, the tracking unit includes two electric signal amplifiers, a control unit, a reversible electric motor, a coupling and a reducer, while the inputs of the electric signal amplifiers are connected to the outputs of the first and second photoelectric devices (sensors), the outputs of the electric signal amplifiers are electrically connected to the inputs of the block control, the output of which is connected to the windings of a reversible electric motor, kinematically connected through a clutch and gearbox with a supporting structure.

Figure 1 schematically shows a General view of a solar module for converting electromagnetic radiation.

The block diagram of the orientation system of the solar energy module is shown in figure 2.

The course of the sun's rays through the elements of the solar energy module and the elements of its orientation system at different mismatch angles is shown in Fig. 3.

The solar energy module (see figure 1) includes a supporting structure 1, on the supporting surface of which solar panels 2 of a rectangular shape with side reflectors 3 are fixed.

Side reflectors 3 are mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surface of the panels 2 and installed in the row spacing of the panels 2. Side reflectors 3 are made in the form of translucent plates with a reflective coating selective to the wavelength range of the converted electromagnetic radiation. Side reflectors 3 are made transparent for the infrared range of the input radiation spectrum.

Under the side reflectors 3 of the solar panels 2, thermal collectors 4 are placed on the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1. The sum of the areas of the absorbing surfaces of the thermal collectors 4 is equal to the sum of the projection areas of all side reflectors 3 of the solar panels 2 on the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1.

In the areas of the joints of one of the solar panels 2 and the bases of its side reflectors 3, two photoelectric devices (sensors) 7 of the orientation system are installed (see FIG. 2), the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the tracking unit 5, the output of which is kinematically connected to the rotary platform 6 of the carrier designs 1.

The proposed solar module operates as follows.

If the bearing structure 1 is correctly oriented to the electromagnetic radiation source (Sun), the input radiation enters both the solar panels 2 and all the side reflectors 3. The radiation reflected from the side reflectors 3 enters the solar panels 2 and gives additional illumination to the photosensitive surface of the panels 2 .

To obtain the maximum additional illumination of the solar panels 2 from the side reflectors 3, it is necessary that all the rays arriving at the side reflectors 3 illuminate the entire photosensitive surface of the panels 2.

As can be seen from the drawing (figa), the required lateral dimension of the lateral reflector 3 (DC) is determined from the sine formula for the oblique triangle BDC:

DC = BC sin (2α-90 °) / sin (90 ° -α)

where BC is the transverse dimension of the solar panel 2,

α is the angle of inclination of the side reflectors 3.

As will be shown below, the angle α is selected based on the requirements for the angular size of the field of view of the orientation system.

The spectral range of solar radiation, which goes directly to the solar panels 2, is significantly wider than the spectral sensitivity range of these panels. Part of the spectrum of solar radiation corresponding to the spectral sensitivity of the solar panels 2 is converted into electric current, the infrared part of the spectrum of solar radiation heats the working surface of the panels 2, which reduces the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.

The radiation that enters the solar panels 2, reflected from the side reflectors 3, does not contain an IR component, because the reflective coating of the side reflectors 3 is made selective, namely it reflects only the visible and ultraviolet part of the solar radiation. Additional heating of the working surface of the solar panels 2 from radiation reflected from the side reflectors 3 does not occur.

The side reflectors 3 of the solar panels 2 are made transparent for the infrared part of the spectral range of solar radiation, therefore, the infrared radiation enters the absorbing surface of the heat collectors 4 mounted under the side reflectors 3 on the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1.

The sum of the areas of the absorbing surfaces of the heat collectors 4 is chosen equal to the sum of the projection areas of all the side reflectors 3 on the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1, so that all the infrared radiation coming into the side reflectors is used to heat the heat collectors 4. All heat collectors 4 installed under the side reflectors 3 are connected in series with each other and water or other coolant flowing to the consumer is passed through them.

The orientation system of the solar energy module (see Fig. 2) contains a tracking unit 5 connected by the output to the supporting structure 1, two photoelectric sensors 7, optically coupled by their inputs to a source of converted electromagnetic radiation, and outputs connected to the inputs of the tracking unit 5. Both photoelectric sensors 7 are mounted under the side reflectors 3 of one of the solar panels 2 mirror-symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the latter.

In the above lateral reflectors 3, channels are provided for the passage of the optical signal when the input of the first or second photoelectric sensors 7 is optically coupled when the module is disoriented with the converted electromagnetic radiation source, respectively, through the side reflector 3 of the solar panel 2 located opposite the corresponding photoelectric sensor 7.

The first and second photoelectric sensors 7 are located in the areas of the joints of the solar panel 2 and the bases of its side reflectors 3 and are fixed in brackets 8 mounted on the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1.

Vignetting devices in the form of protective visors 9 are installed in front of the photoelectric sensors 7, and the inclination of the protective visor 9 of each photoelectric sensor 7 relative to the supporting surface of the supporting structure 1 is equal to the angle of inclination of the BD or AC lines (in Fig. 3, the DBC and ACB angles) connecting the photoelectric sensor 7 with the peripheral region of the opposite side reflector 3 (the most remote region from the solar panel 2). Such visors 9 protect from direct sunlight, but do not interfere with the rays reflected from any point on the opposite side reflector 3 to pass to the photoelectric sensor 7.

The tracking unit 5 includes two electric signal amplifiers 10, a control unit 11, a reversible electric motor 12, a clutch 13 and a gearbox 14, the inputs of the electric signal amplifiers 10 are connected to the outputs of the first and second photodetector devices 7, the outputs of the electric signal amplifiers 10 are electrically connected to the inputs control unit 11, the output of which is connected to the windings of a reversible electric motor 12, kinematically connected through a clutch 13 and a gearbox 14 with a rotary platform 6 of the supporting structure 1.

The orientation system of the solar energy module in azimuth works as follows. Orientation of the solar energy module in elevation is not required, since at large angles of mismatch along this coordinate, shading by the side reflectors 3 of the solar panels 2 does not occur.

If the normal to the photosensitive surface of the solar panels 3 of the solar energy module NN coincides with the direction to the Sun, the input light flux indicated in the drawing (Fig. 3a) by solid lines, reflected from both side reflectors AB and CD (dashed lines), completely illuminate the photosensitive surface of the solar panels 2. Light radiation is not supplied to the photoelectric sensors 7. The error signal at the output of the photoelectric sensors 7 is missing.

Line nn in figure 3 denotes the normal to the side reflectors 3.

When the direction to the Sun and the axis of sight of the solar energy module are mismatched, for example, when the input solar rays arrive at the photosensitive surface of the solar panels 2 at an angle Δ to the normal NN, the light beam reflected from the side reflector 3 (DC) will shift from the photosensitive surface of the panel 2 ( figv).

Part of the reflected radiation will fall on the opposite side reflector 3 (AB) and through the channel for the passage of light rays will go to the input of the photoelectric sensor 7 (B).

The photoelectric sensor 7 under the action of light radiation received on it will generate a mismatch signal, which through the amplifier 10 will be fed to the input of the control unit 11, which will transmit a control signal to the windings of the reversing electric motor 12.

The rotor of the electric motor 12 under the influence of the control signal will begin to rotate, causing a turn of the turntable 6 of the supporting structure 1. The direction of the turn is determined by the number of the photoelectric sensor 7, from which the error signal was received. The rotation of the turntable 6 of the supporting structure 1 is performed until the photoelectric sensor 7 generates a mismatch signal.

It should be noted that during the operation of the solar energy module, part of the electric current generated by the solar panels 2 enters the power supply unit for charging the batteries (not shown conventionally in graphic materials) for further use in the orientation system.

As can be seen from the drawing (Fig. 3c), the input beam having a mismatch with the NN normal equal to (2a-90 °), after reflection from the side reflector 3, runs parallel to the photosensitive surface of the solar panel 2 and hits the photoelectric sensor 7. If the inclination of the input there will be more rays, the reflected rays will pass above the photoelectric sensor 7, there will be no error signal at the output of the sensor 7.

Therefore, the angle (2a-90 °) is the angular field of view of the azimuth orientation system. In the known orientation system, the field of view is determined by the angular size of the photoelectric sensor, which is substantially less than the above value.

In the known solar energy module, increasing the light flux density on the photosensitive surface of solar panels leads to an increase in the heat load on these panels and to a corresponding decrease in the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.

In the proposed solar energy module, the efficiency of photoelectric conversion of radiation of increased density is significantly higher, because the scheme used to separate the input radiation according to the spectral composition on the side reflectors eliminates the increase in heat flux entering the solar panels with an increase in the total radiation density on these panels.

Therefore, the proposed technical solutions when used give a positive technical result, which consists in increasing the operational characteristics, namely, increasing the efficiency of the photoelectric conversion of the received electromagnetic radiation and increasing the field of view of the orientation system of the solar energy module.

Currently, based on the application materials, a prototype solar power module has been manufactured at the enterprise and its full-scale tests have been carried out, which confirmed the achievement of the above technical result.

Claims (8)

1. A solar energy module for converting received electromagnetic radiation, including rectangular solar panels arranged horizontally on the supporting surface of the supporting structure, with side reflectors mounted obliquely to the photosensitive surface of the panels in the row spacing of the latter, characterized in that it further comprises thermal collectors mounted under the side solar panel reflectors on the supporting surface of the supporting structure, with side reflectors with Solar panels are made in the form of translucent plates with a reflective coating, selective to the wavelength range of the converted electromagnetic radiation. 2. The solar energy module according to claim 1, characterized in that the side reflectors of the solar panels are optically transparent for the infrared range of the solar radiation spectrum. 3. The solar energy module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sum of the areas of the absorbing surfaces of the introduced heat collectors is equal to the sum of the projection areas of all the side reflectors of the solar panels on the supporting surface of the supporting structure. 4. The orientation system of the solar energy module, made according to claim 1, to the source of the converted electromagnetic radiation, including a tracking unit connected by the output to the supporting structure, the first photoelectric sensor, optically coupled by its input to the source of the converted electromagnetic radiation, and the output connected to the first input of the unit tracking, characterized in that it further comprises a second photoelectric sensor connected by an output to the second input provided on the tracking unit, when The first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted under the side reflectors of one of the solar panels mirror-symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the latter, and in the above-mentioned side reflectors there are channels for the optical signal to pass when the input of the first or second photoelectric sensors is optically coupled when the module is disoriented with the converted electromagnetic source radiation, respectively, through the side reflector of the solar panel opposite, respectively a photoelectric sensor. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second photoelectric sensors are located in the areas of the joints of the solar panel and the bases of its side reflectors. 6. The system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first and second photoelectric sensors are mounted in brackets mounted on the supporting surface of the supporting structure. 7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a vignetting device in the form of protective visors installed in front of the inputs of the photoelectric sensors. 8. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the tracking unit includes two electric signal amplifiers, a control unit, a reversible electric motor, a coupling and a reducer, while the inputs of the electric signal amplifiers are connected to the outputs of the first and second photodetector devices, the outputs of the electric amplifiers The signal is electrically connected to the inputs of the control unit, the output of which is connected to the windings of a reversible electric motor, kinematically connected through a clutch and gearbox with a supporting structure.

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