RU2268644C2 - Method of measurement of electric-skin resistance of acupuncture points, device and method for the realization of the methods (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical information-measurement technology.

SUBSTANCE: according to the first version of the method, two indifferent electrodes are applied onto acupuncture point as well as outside it. Permanent calibrated and variable resistors, connected in series, are connected between measuring and first indifferent electrodes. Resistance of variable resistor is periodically changed with preset frequency within resistance range for which range voltage drop amplitude at permanent calibrated resistor is equal to preset permanent value of voltage. Variable component of voltage is measured measuring and second indifferent electrodes and values of electric-skin resistance is calculated on the base of results of measurement. According to the second version, first variable resistor is additionally connected in series with first variable resistor. Resistance of the second resistor is changed before periodical change in resistance of first variable resistor in such a way that voltage drop at permanent calibrated resistor has to have second selected permanent value. Versions of the devices have measuring and two indifferent electrodes, one or two controlled and permanent calibrated resistors, electron switch, one or two amplifiers and amplitude detectors, voltage module extracting unit, one or two commutators, comparators and multivibrators, one, two or three memory units, reference voltage source and registrar.

EFFECT: improved precision of measurement.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical information and measuring equipment, and in particular to methods and devices of the day of information retrieval during diagnostic studies on the electrical parameters of the skin at acupuncture points used in the implementation of medical electro-puncture methods widely represented in modern medicine.

The reliability of the information obtained during registration of the electrical parameters of the skin is largely determined by the accuracy of the measurement of electric resistance, which depends on the measurement method used, the influence of the measuring circuit on the object of study, as well as ensuring the uniformity of measurements, characterized by the correspondence of the parameters of the measuring signals and their values to the parameters, determined by selected medical diagnostic methods.

A known method of measuring the electric resistance of acupuncture points (A.S. USSR 1683745, MKI A 61 H 39/02. / A.T. Seleznev, announced November 17, 88), including applying an measuring electrode to the acupuncture point and outside of it two indifferent electrodes, determining the potential difference between the measuring and each of the indifferent electrodes and comparing them modulo, the indifferent electrode, whose potential relative to the measuring electrode has a greater value modulo, is called the first indifferent electrode, the inclusion between the first and the indifferent electrodes of the calibrated resistor, measuring the potential difference between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes, and the voltage drop across the calibrated resistor, and calculating the acupuncture point using the formula of the electric skin resistance.

In the analogous method, the measurement of the electric skin resistance is carried out at the minimum value of the measuring current, eliminating the influence on the measurement results of the electric skin (including electrode) potentials of the zones of the location of the measuring and indifferent electrodes, as well as the electric skin resistance of the zones of the location of the indifferent electrodes and the minimum effect on the measurement results of the input resistance of the measuring chains.

At the same time, in the analogue method, the measurement of electric skin resistance is carried out using a constant (galvanic) current, the value of which is not normalized, which is the cause of errors due to the nonlinearity of the electric skin resistance and polarization processes in tissues that determine a decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies when using the method analogue. In addition, the use of direct (galvanic) current limits the possibility of using the analogue method when implementing medical diagnostic methods based on measuring electrical resistance using an alternating measuring current, as well as to further reduce the reliability of the recorded parameters when using the analog method for implementing the noted methods .

In addition, to determine the electric skin resistance of an acupuncture point using an analogue method, it is necessary to carry out calculations that include the operation of subtracting and dividing the voltage values measured by the method, which complicates the registration of electric skin resistance and is the reason for the decrease in the speed of devices implementing the method. In addition, calculation errors may occur that determine a decrease in the accuracy of measuring the electric resistance.

Thus, the main disadvantage of the known method-analogue is the low accuracy of the measurement of electric resistance.

To a certain extent, the shortcomings of the first analogue method were eliminated in the method for measuring the electric skin resistance of acupuncture points (Russian Patent 2132154, IPC A 61 V, A 61 H 39/02. Method for measuring the electric skin resistance. / AT Seleznev, H. A. Selezneva, filed March 21, .97 g), which includes superimposing on the acupuncture point of the measuring and outside its two indifferent electrodes, connecting a calibrated resistor with a known resistance between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, measuring the potential difference between the measuring and orym indifferent electrode when connecting and disconnecting the calibrated resistor, the resistance change of the calibrated resistor so that the potential difference between the measurement and the second indifferent electrode when connecting the calibrated resistor is changed by a predetermined constant value, measurement of the voltage drop across a calibrated resistor and calculating electric resistance from the measurements.

The present analogue method provides measurement of electric skin resistance at a constant value of the voltage drop from the measuring current on the measured electric skin resistance and eliminates the influence on the measurement results of electric skin (including electrode) potentials of the location zones of the measuring and indifferent electrodes, as well as the electric skin resistance of the zones of the location of indifferent electrodes, which determines the increase in the reliability of diagnostic studies. This ensures the unity of measurements with known methods using a measurement mode with a constant voltage value of the measuring signal.

At the same time, when using the second analogue method, the measuring current will depend on the measured electrical resistance and the electrical resistance of the area of the first indifferent electrode, which will lead to additional measurement errors due to the nonlinearity of the electrical resistance.

In addition, in the second analogue method, the measurement is carried out at an arbitrary ratio of the differences in the electric skin potentials between the measuring and the first, as well as the measuring and second indifferent electrodes. As a result of this, when implementing the second analogue method, significant measurement errors may appear due to the influence of the final value of the input resistance of the measuring target.

The use of a constant (galvanic) current in the second, as well as in the first methods, analogs determines the possibility of the appearance of measurement errors from the influence on the measurement results of polarization processes in biological tissues, as well as additional errors determined by the mismatch of the conditions for ensuring the uniformity of measurements when implementing medical diagnostic methods based using alternating current measurement.

Thus, the main disadvantage of the analog methods is the low accuracy of measuring the electrical resistance.

Closest to the invention, the achieved result is a method for measuring electric skin resistance (Patent of Russia 2121336, IPC A 61 V, A 61 H 39/02. Method for measuring electric skin resistance. / A.T. Seleznev, March 23, 1996), comprising applying to the measuring acupuncture point and outside of its two indifferent electrodes, connecting a calibrated resistor between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, consisting of series-connected constant and variable calibrated resistors, periodic from enenie resistance variable calibrated resistor with a predetermined frequency in a selected range of resistance and measurement of the variable components of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrode and at a constant calibrated resistor, and by voltage drop and resistance to permanent calibrated resistor value calculation electrodermal resistance Z _x acupuncture points according to the formula :

where U ₁ - the amplitude of the voltage drop across a constant calibrated resistor; U ₂ - the amplitude of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes; R ₀ is the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor.

The present method is selected as a prototype of the claimed method as coinciding with it by the maximum number of features.

In the prototype method, due to the periodic change in the resistance of a variable calibrated resistor with a given frequency in a selected range of resistance changes and the measurement of the variable components of the voltage drop and potential differences, the electric skin resistance is measured using an alternating measuring current, which allows to largely exclude measurement errors from polarization processes in tissues, as well as to ensure the uniformity of measurements when implemented diagnostically methods based on the use of alternating current measurement. Moreover, the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone does not affect the measurement results.

At the same time, the value of the alternating component of the measuring current during the implementation of the prototype method depends on the difference in the electric skin potentials between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, the electric skin resistance of the zones of the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor and the range of variation of the resistance of a variable calibrated resistor. As a result of this, in the prototype method, as well as in the analogous methods, the measurement current is not normalized during measurements, which is the cause of errors due to the nonlinearity of the electric skin resistance, which determines the decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies using the prototype method. At the same time, when implementing the prototype method for different diagnostic zones of acupuncture points, characterized by different electric skin potentials and electric skin resistances, both the variable and constant components of the measuring current will change, which will additionally lead to ambiguity in the results of measurements of electric skin resistance.

Thus, the prototype method does not provide the required accuracy of measurements of electric resistance, which determines a decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies.

The aim of the invention is to remedy the noted drawbacks.

The goal in the first embodiment of the proposed method is achieved by the fact that according to the method of measuring the skin electrode resistance of acupuncture points, which includes applying an measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point, connecting between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes a series-connected constant calibrated resistor with a known resistance and a variable resistor , a periodic change in the resistance of a variable resistor with a given frequency in the selected the resistance range, measuring the alternating components of the voltage drops between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes and on the constant calibrated resistor and calculating the electric skin resistance from the values of the voltage drops and the resistance of the constant calibrated resistor, choose the range of variation of the resistance of the variable resistor so that the amplitude of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is equal to a given constant voltage value, and according to the formula, the electro faux resistance.

The goal in the second variant of the method is achieved by the fact that according to the method of measuring the skin electrode resistance of acupuncture points, including applying an measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point, connecting between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes a series-connected constant calibrated resistor with a known resistance and a variable resistor, periodic change of resistance of a variable resistor with a given frequency in a selected range of shedding, measuring the alternating components of the voltage drops between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes and on a constant calibrated resistor and calculating the electrical skin resistance from the values of the voltage drops and the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor, connect a series-connected constant calibrated resistor with a known resistance and two variables to the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes resistor, then change the resistance of the first variable resisto RA and successively measure the voltage drop from a constant measuring current on a constant calibrated resistor, change the resistance of the first variable resistor until the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor modulo becomes equal to the first specified constant voltage value, and then periodically change the resistance of the second variable resistor with a given frequency in a variable range of resistance and sequentially measure the variable the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor, a change in the range of periodically changing the resistances of the second variable resistor is carried out until the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor becomes equal to the second preset constant voltage value, after which the variable component of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes, and according to the formula, the electric skin resistance is calculated.

With this embodiment of the first variant of the method of measuring the electrical resistance by selecting the range of variation of the variable resistor so that the amplitude of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is equal to the specified constant voltage value, and the second variant of the method of measuring the electrical resistance by selecting the resistance of the first variable resistor from the condition so that the voltage drop from the constant measuring current on the constant calibrated resistor modulo was p clearly first predetermined constant voltage value and range of variation of the second variable resistor such that the amplitude of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is equal to a second predetermined constant voltage value, high accuracy measurement of electric resistance.

The method consists in the fact that a measuring electrode is applied to the studied skin in the area of the acupuncture point and two indifferent electrodes are placed outside it and fixed to the patient’s body.

Between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes in the first embodiment of the method, a constant calibrated and variable resistor is connected in series. With a given frequency of the measuring signal in the selected range of resistance changes, the resistance of the variable resistor is periodically changed and the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is measured. If the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is not equal to the specified constant voltage U ₀ , then the range of variation of the resistances of the variable resistor is changed and the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is measured. The change in the range of resistance of the variable resistor is carried out until the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor becomes equal to the specified constant voltage U ₀ . After that, the amplitude of the variable component of the potential difference U ₁ between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes is measured and the electric skin resistance Z _{x of} the acupuncture point is calculated by the formula:

In the second variant of the method for measuring the electric resistance between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, a constant calibrated and two variable resistors are connected in series. Measure the voltage drop from a constant measuring current on a constant calibrated resistor. If it is not equal to the first preset constant voltage value U _o1 , then change the resistance of the first variable resistor and successively measure the voltage drop from the constant measuring current on the constant calibrated resistor until the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor modulo becomes equal to the first preset constant voltage value. After that, as in the first variant of the method, a periodic change in the resistance of the second variable resistor is carried out with a given frequency in a variable range of resistance and the alternating component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is successively measured. Changing the range of periodic changes in the resistances of the second variable resistor is carried out until the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor becomes equal to the second predetermined constant voltage value U _o2 . After that, measure the alternating component of the voltage drop U ₁ between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes, and the electric skin resistance Z _{x is} calculated by the formula:

A device of the day of measuring electric skin resistance is known (Russian Patent 2121293, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 H 39/02. Device for measuring electric skin resistance / A.T. Seleznev, filed June 25, 1996), containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first input of the first amplifier, two indifferent electrodes, a comparator, the output of which through the first electronic key is connected to the input of the first memory block, two coincidence circuits, the first inputs of which are separately connected to the first and second outputs of the trigger, the outputs are separately connected are assigned to the first inputs of the first and second electronic keys, the second input of the first coincidence circuit is connected to the first output of the multivibrator and the trigger input, the second memory unit, recorder, third memory unit, the third electronic key, the third coincidence circuit, the voltage module allocation unit and the switch, the first and the second inputs of which are separately connected to the first and second indifferent electrodes, and the third input is to the output of the first coincidence circuit, the fourth electronic key, the first input of which is connected to the first inputs of the first and three matching circuits, the second input is connected to the first indifferent electrode, and the output is connected via a calibrated resistor to the measuring electrode, a subtraction unit, the inputs of which are separately connected through the second and third memory blocks with the outputs of the second and third electronic switches, a controlled voltage divider, the first input of which through the isolation module of the voltage module is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the second input is connected to the output of the first memory unit, and the output to the input of the second amplifier, and the source of the reference voltage the second inputs of the second and third electronic keys are combined and connected to the output of the second amplifier and the first input of the comparator, the second input of the comparator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source, the output of the switch is connected to the second input of the first amplifier, the second output of the multivibrator is connected to the second inputs of the second and the third coincidence circuit, the output of the third coincidence circuit is connected to the first input of the third electronic key, and the input of the recorder is connected to the output of the subtractor.

In the analog device, the measurement of the electric skin resistance is carried out at a minimum value of a constant (galvanic) measuring current and the measurement errors are eliminated from the electrode and electric skin potentials, as well as from the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone. This provides a direct reading of the recorded values of electric skin resistance on the scale of the registrar.

At the same time, the value of the measuring current when using an analog device is determined by the difference in the electric skin potentials between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, the electric skin resistances of the location zone of the measuring and first indifferent electrodes, as well as the resistance of the calibrated resistor. As a result, the measurement of the electric skin resistance of different zones of acupuncture points having different electric skin potentials and different electric skin resistance will be carried out at different values of the measuring current, which will lead to measurement errors of the analog device due to the nonlinearity of the electric skin resistance.

In addition, the measurement of electric skin resistance at a constant (galvanic) measuring current limits the possibility of using an analog method for implementing medical diagnostic methods based on the use of an alternating measuring current for measurements, and also leads to the appearance of additional methodological measurement errors when using this analog device for implementation of the noted methods.

Thus, the main disadvantage of the first analog device is the lack of accuracy in measuring electric skin resistance.

To a certain extent, the non-delivery of the analog device was eliminated in the device for measuring electric skin resistance (Patent of Russia 2121291, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 H 39/02. Device for measuring electric skin resistance. / A.T. Seleznev, filed on 26.03. 96 g), containing a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, a differential amplifier, a recorder and a controlled voltage source, the first output of which is connected to the measuring electrode, and the second output - with the first input of the differential amplifier and a common power bus, subtracting a device whose output is connected to the input of a controlled voltage source, the first input is connected to a reference voltage source, and the second input to a recorder and, through an amplitude detector, to the output of a current-voltage converter, the inputs of which are connected respectively to the first indifferent electrode and the differential output amplifier, the second input of the differential amplifier is connected to the second indifferent electrode.

In the second analog device, the measurement of the electrical skin resistance with an alternating measuring current is provided at a constant value of the voltage drop across the measured resistance, which allows to largely eliminate measurement errors from electric skin and electrode potentials and polarization processes in tissues and provides the possibility of fulfilling the conditions for the uniformity of measurements when implementing medical diagnostic methods based on the use of alternating measuring current. At the same time, the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zones is not affected by the measurement results.

At the same time, when taking measurements using a second analog device, the value of the variable component of the measuring current depends on the electric skin resistance of the acupuncture point zone, which may cause measurement errors due to the nonlinearity of the measured electric skin resistance. In addition, due to the difference in the electric skin and electrode potentials of the zones of the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, a constant measuring current flows in the measuring circuit, the value of which is determined by the difference in the corresponding electric potentials in the measuring circuit and the electric skin resistances of the zones of the measuring and first indifferent electrodes. This can also be the reason for the appearance of methodological measurement errors, which further reduces the reliability of the recorded parameters.

Thus, the main disadvantage of analog devices is the low accuracy of measuring the electrical resistance.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed options for technical solutions is a device for measuring electric resistance (Patent of Russia 2121294, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 N 39/02. Device for measuring electric resistance. / A.T. Seleznev, announced 2.07.96), containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first input of the first amplifier, two indifferent electrodes, three electronic keys, a comparator, the output of which is connected through the first electronic key to the input of the first a memory block, a second memory block, two multivibrators, a recorder, a controlled voltage divider, a switch, the first input of which is connected to the second indifferent electrode, two calibrated resistors, an amplitude detector, the output of which is connected through the controlled voltage divider to the input of the second amplifier, a reference voltage source, the second input of the switch is connected to the first outputs of the calibrated resistors and the output of the third electronic key, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first multivib a radiator, and the second input to the first indifferent electrode and the second output of the first calibrated resistor, the second output of the second calibrated resistor is connected to the first input of the first amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the amplitude detector, and the second input to the output of the switch, the third input of the switch is connected to the first output of the second multivibrator and the first input of the first electronic key, the output of the reference voltage source is connected to the first input of the comparator, the output of the first memory unit is connected to the second the controlled voltage divider, the second output of the second multivibrator is connected to the first input of the second electronic switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second amplifier and the second input of the comparator, and the output through the second memory block is connected to the recorder.

The present device is selected as a prototype of the claimed device options.

In the prototype device, the measurement of electric skin resistance with alternating measuring current is provided while excluding the influence on the measurement results of the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone. In this case, using the recorder, the measured electrical skin resistance is counted on a linear measuring scale.

At the same time, when measuring in the prototype device, depending on the difference between the electric skin potentials and the electric skin resistances of the measuring zones and the first indifferent electrodes, both the constant and the variable components of the measuring current change, which determines the possibility of measurement errors due to the nonlinearity of the measured electric skin resistance.

Thus, the main disadvantages of the known devices are determined by the insufficient accuracy of the measurement of electric resistance.

The aim of the invention is to remedy the noted drawbacks.

The goal in the first embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device of the day measuring the electric resistance, containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the first amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, two indifferent electrodes, an electronic key the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, the second input is connected to the first indifferent electrode, and the output to the second output of constant caliber a resistor, a comparator, the input of which is connected to a reference voltage source, and a registrar, a second amplitude detector and a controlled resistor are introduced, the first input of which is connected to the output of the electronic key and the second input of the first amplifier, the second input is connected to the output of the comparator, and the output to the first to the indifferent electrode, the first and second inputs of the second amplifier are separately connected to the measuring and second indifferent electrodes, and the output through the second amplitude detector is connected to the recorder, d of the first amplitude detector connected to the second input of the comparator.

The goal in the second embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring electric resistance, containing a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, an electronic key, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the output of the first multivibrator and the first indifferent electrode, and the output to the second output of the constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the switch a, the second input of the switch is connected to the second indifferent electrode, and the output is to the second input of the amplifier, a comparator, the input of which is connected to the source of the reference voltage, two memory blocks, a recorder connected to the output of the first memory block, and the second multivibrator, the second switch is introduced and a controlled resistor, the first input of which is connected to the first input of the first switch, the second input is connected to the output of the second memory block, and the output to the first indifferent electrode, the first and second inputs of the second switch They are connected separately to the second input of the comparator and to the input of the first memory block, the third input is connected to the third input of the first switch and the first output of the second multivibrator, and the output is connected to the output of the amplitude detector, the second output of the second multivibrator is connected to the first input of the second memory block, the second input of which connected to the output of the comparator.

The goal in the third embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring electric resistance, containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the first amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, two indifferent electrodes, an electronic key the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, and the second input to the first indifferent electrode, two comparators, the first input of the first comparator connected to the source of the reference voltage, a memory unit and a registrar, a second amplitude detector is introduced, the output of which is connected to the registrar, and the input to the output of the second amplifier, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the measuring and second indifferent electrodes, two controlled resistors, the first input the second controlled resistor is connected to the combined outputs of the first controlled resistor and an electronic key, the second input is connected to the output of the first comparator, and the output to the first indifferent electronic to the cable, the first input of the first controlled resistor is connected to the second input of the first amplifier and the second output of a constant calibrated resistor, the second input of the first controlled resistor is connected to the output of the memory block, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the outputs of the first multivibrator and second comparator, the first input of the second comparator connected to a reference voltage source, the second input through the voltage module isolation unit is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the second input of the first comparator li ne to the output of the first amplitude detector.

The goal in the fourth embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring electric resistance, containing a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, an electronic key, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the output of the first multivibrator and the first indifferent electrode, a switch, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the constant calibrated a resistor, the second input is connected to the second indifferent electrode, and the output is to the second input of the amplifier, a comparator, the input of which is connected to a reference voltage source, two memory blocks, a recorder connected to the output of the first memory block, and a second multivibrator, two controlled resistors are introduced, the first input of the second controlled resistor is connected to the combined outputs of the electronic key and the first controlled resistor, the second input is connected to the output of the second memory side, and the output is to the first indifferent electrode, p the first and second inputs of the first controlled resistor are separately connected to the first input of the first switch and the output of the third memory block, the second switch, the first input of which is connected to the second input of the first comparator, the second input is connected to the input of the first memory block, the third input is connected to the third input of the first switch and the first output of the second multivibrator, the second output of the second multivibrator is connected to the combined first inputs of the second and third memory blocks, the second input of the second memory block is connected to the output row of the first comparator, the second input of the third memory unit connected to the output of the first multivibrator, and the third input - to the output of the second comparator having a first input connected to a reference voltage source, a second input voltage through block selection module coupled to the amplifier output.

With this embodiment of the device for measuring electrical resistance by introducing a second amplitude detector and a controlled resistor in the first embodiment of the device, a second switch and a controlled resistor in the second embodiment of the device, a second amplitude detector, two controlled resistors, a second comparator and a voltage module isolation unit in the third a variant of the device, two controlled resistors, a second switch, a second comparator and a voltage module isolation unit in the fourth embodiment This device provides the ability to obtain high accuracy measurements of electric resistance, determined by using a constant value of the amplitude of the measuring component of the measuring current for measurements in the first and second versions of the devices, as well as a constant value of the amplitude by changing the component of the measuring current and the constant value of the constant component of the measuring current in the third and fourth versions devices.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 and Fig.2 are functional diagrams of devices explaining the implementation of variants of the proposed method, Fig.3 - Fig.6 are functional diagrams of four variants of the proposed devices, respectively.

According to the proposed variants of the method and device, the equivalent circuit of the object of study (skin site) is presented in the form of a node 1 — measuring electrode 2, first 3 and second 4 indifferent electrodes, variable (controlled, second variable, second controlled) resistor 5, constant calibrated resistor 6 , switch (first switch) 7, millivoltmeter 8, first variable (controlled) resistor 9, amplifier (first amplifier) 10, electronic switch 11, second amplifier 12, amplitude detector (first amplitude detector) 13, comparator (first comparator) 14, multivibrator (first multivibrator) 15, second amplitude detector 16, recorder 17, reference voltage source 18, second multivibrator 19, memory block (second block) 20, second switch 21, first memory block 22, block 23 stress module isolation, second comparator 24.

Scheme 1 of skin substitution is presented in the form of a Schaeffer model without taking into account the resistance of subcutaneous tissues (see Macs Phillippe. Study of human skin impedance for low-frequency currents. - These, dat. Ing. Univ. Nancy, 1973. - 96 p.), Where E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ are electrodermal (in general, including electrode) potentials, and Z _x , Z ₁ and Z ₂ are electrodermal resistances at the points of location of measuring electrode 2, the first and second indifferent electrodes 3, 4, respectively.

The measuring electrode 2 can be made in the form of a brass electrode with a spherical contact surface with a diameter of 3 mm, the first indifferent electrode 3 - in the form of a segment of a brass pipe with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 110 mm, the second indifferent electrode 4 - in the form of a fixed brass electrode of a small area (about 5 ÷ 10 cm ² ) with a special locking device.

A variable (controlled, second variable, second controlled) resistor 5 is designed to periodically change the value of the measuring current with a given frequency in the required range of resistance changes. As a variable (second variable) resistor 5 in the simplest versions of devices (FIG. 1, FIG. 2), you can use a variable resistor, for example, type SP-3 with a resistance selected in the range of 100-500 kOhm, in variants of devices (FIG. 3 - 6) as a controlled (second controlled) resistor 5, a field-effect or bipolar transistor, for example, types KP103I, KT503G, and also a diode-resistor optocoupler, for example, type AOR103, can be used.

The constant calibrated resistor 6 together with the variable (controlled) resistors 5, 9 is designed to create a closed circuit for the passage of the measuring current through the measured electric skin resistance Z _x . As a constant calibrated resistor 6, you can use the exact constant resistor type PTMN-0.5 with a resistance selected when setting up the device in the range of 10-100 kOhm depending on the set value of the measuring current.

The switch (first switch) 7 is designed to switch the measuring circuit during measurements. As a switch (first switch) 7 in the simplest versions of devices for implementing the proposed measurement methods, you can use a switch, for example, type P2K, in the proposed variants of devices you can use switches made on elements of a chip type K176KT1 or K561KP2.

Millivoltmeter 8 is designed to measure the alternating components of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor 6 and the potential difference between the measuring 2 and the first indifferent 3 electrodes, as well as the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor 6 from the constant measuring current. As a millivoltmeter 8, a universal millivoltmeter having a high input resistance (of the order of 100 MΩ or more) can be used.

The first variable (first controlled) resistor 9 is designed to change the value of the constant measuring current. As the first variable (first controlled) resistor 9, elements similar to the variable (controlled, second variable, second controlled) resistor 5 can be used.

The amplifier (first amplifier) 10 is designed to amplify the potential difference applied between its inputs, and is a differential DC amplifier with a large input impedance (of the order of 100 MΩ or more). The amplifier can be performed on microcircuits of the type K140UD12 and K154UD1 in the form of a large-scale differential amplifier.

The electronic switch 11 is designed to periodically close the terminals of the controlled resistor 5 with the frequency of the output pulses of the multivibrator (first multivibrator) 15, chosen equal to the frequency F of the measuring signal. As an electronic key 11, you can use an element of a chip type K176KT1.

The second amplifier 12 is designed to amplify the potential difference acting between its inputs, and can be performed similarly to the first amplifier 10.

The amplitude detector 13 is designed to generate an output signal proportional to the amplitude of the variable component of the input signal. The amplitude detector 13 can be performed on a chip type K154UD1, diode KD522A and filter elements.

The comparator (first comparator) 14 is intended for comparing the voltages supplied to its inputs and generating the output signal proportional to their difference. The comparator (first comparator) 14 can be made in the form of a differential amplifier with a large gain on a chip type K154UD1.

A multivibrator (the first multivibrator) 15 is designed to generate output pulses with a frequency F of the measuring signal, which control the operation of the electronic key 11, and can be made in the form of a multivibrator on two elements of a type K176LE5 microcircuit.

The second amplitude detector 16 is designed to generate an output signal proportional to the amplitude of the variable component of the input signal, and can be performed similarly to the first amplitude detector 13.

The registrar 17 is intended for the day of registration of the output voltage, proportional to the measured electric skin resistance. As the recorder 17 can be used arrow microammeter type M42103.

The source 18 of the reference voltage is designed to form a constant stabilized reference voltage U ₀ . As the source 18 of the reference voltage, you can use a stabilized voltage source.

The second multivibrator 19 is designed for sequentially generating control signals at the outputs and can be performed similarly to the first multivibrator 15. When implementing devices, the frequency of generating control signals at the outputs of the second multivibrator 19 is selected at least 5-10 times less than the pulse frequency of the first multivibrator 15.

The memory block (second block) 20 is designed to store the output voltage of the comparator 14 (second comparator 24) when a control signal is applied to its first input and can be made in the form of a storage capacitor and an input electronic key, which can be used as an element of the K176KT1 chip.

The second switch 21 is designed to switch the output circuit of the amplitude detector 13 depending on the control signal supplied to its third input. The second switch 21 can be performed similarly to the first switch 7.

The first memory block 22 is designed to store the input voltage and transmit it to the recorder and can be made in the form of a storage capacitor and output voltage follower, which can be used as a chip K154UD1.

Block 23 allocation of the voltage module is designed to generate the output of a unipolar voltage proportional to the output voltage module of the first amplifier 10. Block 23 selection of the voltage module can be performed on two chips of type K154UD1.

The second comparator 24 is intended for comparing the voltages supplied to its inputs and generating an output signal proportional to their difference. The second comparator 24 can be performed similarly to the first comparator 14.

The third memory block 25 is designed to store the output voltage of the second comparator 24 while simultaneously influencing its first and second inputs of control signals and can be made in the form of a storage capacitor and an input analog key with a matching coincidence circuit, which can be used as elements of K176KT1 and K176LA7 microcircuits .

The method of measuring skin resistance at acupuncture points is as follows.

The indifferent electrodes 3, 4 are placed in the selected indifferent area of the skin, and the measuring electrode 2 is pressed against the acupuncture point by the contact surface.

Moreover, an electric current I will flow in the electric circuit between the measuring electrode 2 and the first indifferent electrode 3, the value of which for the first variant of the method can be represented as:

where R ₀ is the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor 6; R ₁ - resistance of a variable resistor 5.

With a periodic change in the resistance R _{1 of the} variable resistor 5 with a frequency F of the measuring signal in the selected range of resistance values [0 ÷ 2ΔR], the measuring current will change from the minimum I _min to the maximum I _max values, which can be written as:

In this case, the measuring current I can be represented as a constant component I ₀ determined by the average current value:

and a variable component with amplitude ΔI:

Substituting expressions (2), (3) into expressions (4), (5), for the constant and variable components of the measuring current, we obtain:

The current changing in the measuring circuit will be closed through the electric skin resistance of the acupuncture point Z _x , at which a voltage drop will be created from both the constant and the variable components.

Using a millivoltmeter 8 in the mode of measuring alternating current when connecting it to the terminals of a constant calibrated resistor 6, you can determine the amplitude of the voltage drop from the variable component of the measuring current on a constant calibrated resistor 6, the value of which can be represented as:

When changing the range ΔR of changing the resistances of the variable resistor 5, the variable component ΔI of the measuring current and the voltage drop U ₁ will change.

By sequentially changing the range of resistance changes ΔR of the variable resistor 5 and measuring the corresponding values of the voltage drops U ₁ , you can achieve the following conditions:

where U ₀ is a given constant voltage value.

Expression (9) taking into account expression (8) can be written in the form:

where ΔR ₀ is the range of variation of the resistance of the variable resistor corresponding to the fulfillment of condition (9).

From expression (10), one can represent the value of the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current ΔI:

Since the values of U ₀ and R ₀ during the implementation of the method are chosen constant, the amplitude of the variable component ΔI of the measuring current will also be constant and will not depend on the parameters of the studied areas of the skin. In this case, the amplitude ΔI of the variable component of the measuring current will be determined by the values of the parameters U ₀ and R ₀ , the change of which during the implementation of the method can provide the choice of a given value of the amplitude of the measuring current.

If, using a switch 7, a millivoltmeter 8 is connected between measuring 2 and the second indifferent 4 electrodes and the amplitude of the variable component of voltage U ₂ is measured, then the millivoltmeter 8 will record the following value, which is valid provided that the measuring current in the circuit of the second indifferent electrode 4 is zero:

As expression (12) shows, the voltage U ₂ is proportional to the measured electric skin resistance Z _x of the acupuncture point zone, which allows counting the electric skin resistance on a millivoltmeter scale 8 when implementing the proposed measurement method.

In this case, the measurement of the electric skin resistance is carried out at a given value of the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current, and the recorded value of the electric skin resistance does not depend on the electric skin potentials of the zones of the location of the measuring and indifferent electrodes and the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zones.

In the first embodiment of the proposed method, the value of the constant component of the measuring current is not standardized and is determined in accordance with expression (6).

The difference of the second variant of the proposed method lies in the possibility of taking measurements at given values of both the variable and the constant components of the measuring current.

This is achieved as follows. When implementing the second variant of the method for measuring electric skin resistance after installing measuring 2 and indifferent 3, 4 electrodes in the studied areas of the skin, the measuring current I flowing in the circuit between measuring 2 and the first indifferent 3 electrodes can be represented as:

where R ₁ , R ₂ - resistance of the first 9 and second 5 variable resistors, respectively.

Suppose that the maximum range of resistance changes (determined in the second variant of the method by changing the resistance of the second variable resistor 5), necessary for forming a given amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current in the measuring circuit, is determined by the values [0 ÷ 2ΔR _max ]. In this case, the average resistance value of the second variable resistor 5 will be equal to:

Given assumption (14), expression (13) can be rewritten in the form:

When implementing the second variant of the method, first the millivoltmeter 8 is connected using a switch 7 to a constant calibrated resistor 6 and the voltage drop U _{3 is} measured from the constant measuring current I, which, taking into account expression (15), can be represented as:

If the voltage drop U _{3 is} not equal to the first predetermined voltage U _o1 , then conduct a sequential change in the resistance R _{1 of the} first variable resistor 9 and measure the voltage drops U ₃ that change in accordance with expression (16) when the resistance R _{1 of the} first variable resistor 9 changes.

The process of changing the resistance R _{1 is} carried out until the condition is reached:

where R _1o is the corresponding value of the resistance R _{1 of the} first variable resistor 9 under condition (17).

From expression (17), one can express the value of the constant measuring current I flowing through the electric skin resistance Z _x .

In accordance with expression (18), the value of the measuring current I will be determined by the values of U _o1 and R _O , the values of which, when implementing the method, are chosen constant. As a result of this, when implementing the second variant of the method by selecting the parameters U _o1 , R _O, it is possible to provide measurements at a given value of the measuring current I, which will not depend on the parameters of the studied areas of the skin.

After setting a predetermined constant value of the measuring current I periodically with the frequency of the measuring signal F in the range of resistance changes [0 ÷ 2ΔR] (similar to the first variant of the method), the resistance of the second variable resistor 5 is changed, as a result of which the measuring current I will vary in the range from I _min to I _max , the values of which can be represented similarly to the expressions (2), (3) in the form:

In this case, the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current I, similarly to expressions (5), (7), can be represented as:

From the alternating component of the measuring current ΔI on the electric skin resistance of the acupuncture point Z _x a voltage drop U ₄ will be created:

By measuring with a millivoltmeter 8 in the mode of measuring alternating voltages, the voltage drop U ₄ and sequentially changing the range of resistance ΔR (similar to the first version of the measurement method), it is possible to fulfill the condition:

or

where ΔR _O is the range of variation of the resistances of the second variable resistor 5.

From the expression (23), one can represent the value of the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current ΔI:

which, similarly to the first variant of the method, will be determined by the parameters U ₀₂ and R _O and will not depend on the parameters of the studied areas of the skin.

If, using a switch 7, a millivoltmeter 8 is connected between the measuring and the second indifferent electrode 4 and measuring the variable component of voltage U ₅ , then the obtained value will be proportional to the measured electric skin resistance:

λ

λ

Thus, by measuring the voltage U ₅ during the implementation of the second variant of the method, on the scale of a millivoltmeter 8, it is possible to count the measured electrical skin resistance Z _x .

Moreover, in the second variant of the method, the measurement of the electric skin resistance is carried out at a given value of the constant measuring current I and the amplitude ΔI of the variable component of the measuring current, and the recorded values of the electric skin resistance, as in the first version of the method, are independent of the electric skin potentials of the zones of the measuring and indifferent electrodes and electrodermal resistances of indifferent zones.

The aforementioned determines the high accuracy of measurements when using the proposed variants of the method for measuring electric skin resistance, which allows to ensure high reliability of the recorded diagnostic indicators.

The first version of the device for measuring electric resistance (figure 3), designed to implement the first version of the proposed method, works as follows.

In the device, the measuring current in the circuit between the measuring 2 and the first indifferent 3 electrodes is created by connecting to the corresponding circuit a series-connected constant calibrated resistor 6 and a controlled resistor 5 that performs the function of a variable resistor 5 in the first embodiment of the measurement method. In this case, the alternating component of the measuring current is formed by periodically changing the resistance of the controlled resistor 5 by periodically shorting its first input and output using an electronic key 11, and the frequency of the measuring signal F is determined by the frequency of the output signal of the multivibrator 15 controlling the operation of the electronic key 11.

Considering that in the device the range of resistance changes of the first variable resistor - controlled resistor 5 is determined by half the resistance value R _{3 of the} controlled resistor, the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current in accordance with expression (7) can be represented as:

The amplitude of the voltage drop U ₁ on the constant calibrated resistor 6 from the variable component of the measuring current, taking into account expression (26), can be represented as:

Using the first amplifier 10 and the amplitude detector 13 at the output of the first amplitude detector 13, a voltage U ₆ is generated, which is proportional to the voltage U ₁ :

where K ₁ is the total transmission coefficient of the serial channel, consisting of the first amplifier 10 and the first amplitude detector 13.

Using the comparator 14, the voltage U _{6 is} compared with the output voltage U _{0 of the} reference voltage source 18, and a voltage proportional to the voltage difference U ₆ , U ₀ is generated at the output of the comparator 14. When the output voltage of the comparator 14 changes, the resistance R _{3 of the} controlled resistor 5 proportionally changes, which in turn leads to a change in accordance with expressions (27), (28) of the amplitude ΔI of the variable component of the measuring current and the voltage drop U ₁ on the constant calibrated resistor 6.

The process of changing the amplitude ΔI of the measuring current and resistance R _{3 of the} controlled resistor 5 occurs until the output voltage U _{6 of the} first amplitude detector 13 becomes equal to the specified constant voltage value U ₀ , which corresponds to condition (9) when implementing the first variant of the proposed method:

where R _3o is the resistance of the controlled resistor 5 corresponding to the fulfillment of condition (9).

After the transition process, the amplitude value of the variable component of the measuring current remains constant and equal in accordance with the expression (29):

Using the second amplifier 12 and the second amplitude detector 16, the output voltage U _{7 of the} second amplitude detector 16 is generated, which is proportional to the amplitude of the variable component of the potential difference between the measuring 2 and the second indifferent 4 electrodes while passing through the circuit between the measuring 2 and the first indifferent 3 electrodes of the variable component of the measuring current with a given amplitude ΔI, which, taking into account the analysis of the passage of the measuring current, provided that the second indifferent circuit the current electrode (with a high input resistance of the second amplifier 12), the measuring current is zero, can be represented as:

where K ₂ is the total transmission coefficient of a serial channel consisting of a second amplifier 12 and a second amplitude detector 16.

Using the recorder 17, the voltage U ₇ determines the measured value of the electric skin resistance Z _x , which, in accordance with expression (31), is proportional to the voltage U ₇ . In this case, the ratio U ₀ / R ₀ determines the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current, and the transmission coefficient K ₂ is the measurement range of the electric skin resistance.

Thus, in the first embodiment of the device, it is possible to measure electric skin resistance based on the first embodiment of the measurement method. In this case, the choice of device parameters: K ₁ , K ₂ , U ₀ , R ₀ you can provide the specified parameters during the measurement.

The work of the second variant of the device for measuring electric resistance (Fig. 4), which implements the first variant of the measurement method, is as follows.

Here, unlike the first version of the device, one channel for amplifying and isolating the amplitudes of the variable voltage components is used, consisting of an amplifier 10 and an amplitude detector 13, for connecting which two switches 7 and 21 are used to the corresponding circuits.

Using the first multivibrator 15, an analog switch 11 and a controlled resistor 5 in the second embodiment of the device, similar to the first embodiment of the device, the formation of an alternating measuring current is provided. Using the second multivibrator 19, the measuring cycle of the device is divided into two half-periods. When generating a control signal at the second output of the second multivibrator 19 in the first half-periods of the device operation, the outputs of the switches 7, 21 are connected to their first inputs, as a result of which an output voltage of the amplitude detector 13 corresponding to the voltage U _{6 of the} first embodiment is formed using an amplifier 10 and an amplitude detector 13 devices. This voltage is supplied through the second switch 21 to the second input of the comparator 14, where it is compared with the voltage U ₀ supplied to the first input of the comparator 14 from the output of the reference voltage source 18.

In the first half-periods of operation of the second variant of the device, the second memory unit 20 is opened by the control signal from the second output of the second multivibrator 19, as a result of which the output voltage of the comparator 14 passes to the output of the second memory unit 20 and acts on the second input of the controlled resistor 5. As a result, in the first half-periods the operation of the second embodiment of the device, as in the first embodiment of the device, provides a change in the resistance R _{3 of the} controlled resistor 5 to set a given value of the amplitude ΔI of the variable state measuring current.

Moreover, the duration of the output signals of the second multivibrator 19 in the first half-periods of operation of the device to ensure that the specified amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current is set is selected to be longer than the duration of the corresponding transient process.

When the state of the second multivibrator 19 changes during the second half-periods of the device’s operation, the first memory unit 20 closes and its output voltage remains constant during the second half-cycle of the device’s operation. As a result of this, in the second half-periods of the device’s operation, the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current remains constant and equal to a predetermined value determined by expression (30).

The control signal from the first output of the second multivibrator 19 into the second half-cycles of the device switches the switches 7, 21, as a result of which their outputs are connected to the second inputs.

As a result of this, the second input of the amplifier 10 is connected to the second indifferent electrode 4 and the output voltage U _7-1 is formed at the output of the amplitude detector 13, which is equal in accordance with expression (31):

The voltage U _7-1 through the second switch 21 is supplied to the first memory unit 22 and stored in it. In this case, using the registrar 17, as in the first embodiment of the device, the measured value of the electric skin resistance Z _x is recorded by the voltage U _7-1 .

Thus, in the second embodiment of the device, as in the first embodiment, the measurement of electric skin resistance is provided using an alternating measuring current of a given amplitude. Moreover, the measurement results are not affected by the electrodermal potentials of the zones of the measuring and indifferent electrodes and the electrodermal resistances of the indifferent skin zones.

The work of the third variant of the device for measuring electric resistance (Fig. 5), which implements the second variant of the measurement method, is as follows.

In the third embodiment of the device, in order to be able to set the set value of the measuring current I and the amplitude ΔI of the variable component of the measuring current, two controlled resistors 5, 9 are included in the circuit of the measuring current. In this case, using the first controlled resistor 9, the set value of the constant measuring current, and with the help of a second controlled resistor 5 - a given amplitude of its variable component.

Using an electronic key 11 with a frequency of the measuring signal determined by the frequency of the output pulses of the first multivibrator 15, the measurement current I is formed between the measuring 2 and the first indifferent 3 electrodes of the measuring current I, the value of which is determined by expression (15). From the measuring current I, including both direct and alternating components, a voltage drop U ₄ is created on the constant calibrated resistor 6, defined by expression (16).

Using the first amplifier 10 and the isolation unit of the voltage module 23, the voltage U ₈ is generated at the output of the isolation unit of the voltage module 23, which at times corresponding to the formation of the control signal at the output of the first multivibrator 15 (with the electronic key 11 open) is proportional to the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor 6 from the maximum value of the measuring current (at ΔR _max = 0), which can be represented as:

where K ₃ is the total transmission coefficient of the first amplifier 10 and the voltage module isolation unit 23; R ₁ is the resistance of the first controlled resistor.

The voltage U ₈ using the second comparator 24 is compared with a predetermined constant voltage U ₀ , as a result of which the output voltage is generated proportionally to the difference of the compared voltages at the output of the second comparator 24, which passes through the memory unit 20 through the control signal at the output of the first multivibrator 15 that is open at the time on its output and acts on the second input of the first controlled resistor 9.

As a result of this, the resistance R _{1 of the} first controlled resistor 9 will change, which will lead to a change in the maximum value of the measuring current. The process of changing the maximum value of the measuring current and resistance R ₁ will occur until the voltage U ₈ becomes equal to the voltage U ₀ , which corresponds to the fulfillment of condition (17).

Moreover, taking into account expressions (17), (33), the maximum value of the measuring current will be determined by the expression:

The transition process of establishing a preset maximum value of the measuring current should end during the period of the output signal of the first multivibrator 15, when the state of which changes and the control signal is turned off, the memory unit 20 closes and its output voltage remains constant until the next period of exposure of the multivibrator control signal 15.

As a result of establishing the necessary resistance value R _{1 of the} first controlled resistor 9 in the third embodiment of the device, the maximum value of the measuring current, which will not depend on the parameters of the studied areas of the skin, is normalized. The choice for normalizing the maximum current value in the considered embodiment of the device is determined by its independence from the resistance of the second controlled resistor 5, which allows to ensure the stability of the device containing two automatic control circuits. At the same time, maintaining the maximum value of the measuring current constant to a certain extent is advisable, since the degree of impact on biological structures is largely determined by the maximum current value.

In the third embodiment of the device, similarly to the first two variants of the device, the set amplitude of the variable component of the measuring signal is also set, which is carried out using the second controlled resistor 5, the change of resistance of which occurs in proportion to the output voltage of the first comparator 14, to the inputs of which a constant voltage U _{0 of the} reference voltage source is applied 18 and the output voltage of the first amplitude detector 13.

As a result of this, in the third embodiment of the device, the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current will be constant and equal to:

The registration of the measured value of the electric skin resistance in the third embodiment of the device is similar to the first embodiment of the device using the recorder 17 at the output voltage U _{7-2 of the} second amplitude detector 16 connected to the output of the second amplifier 12:

Thus, in the third embodiment of the device, the measurement of electric skin resistance is ensured while normalizing the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring signal and the maximum value of the measuring current, the constant values of which can be set in accordance with expressions (34), (35) by choosing the necessary values of values: K ₁ , K ₂ , U ₀ , R ₀ .

The fourth version of the device (Fig.6) provides a measurement of electrical resistance based on the second proposed method. Moreover, in the fourth embodiment of the device, similarly to the third embodiment of the device, normalization of the values of the amplitude of the variable component and the maximum value of the measuring current is provided.

The difference between the fourth embodiment of the device and the third embodiment is the use of one amplifying and converting channel, made on the amplifier 10 and the amplitude detector 13.

Using the first switch 7, similarly to the second variant of the device, the inputs of the amplifier 10 can be connected to a constant calibrated resistor 6 or to a circuit between the measuring 2 and the second indifferent 4 electrodes, and the second switch 21, the output of the amplitude detector 13 is connected either to the first memory block 22 when registering the output voltage device, or to the first comparator 14 during the formation of a given amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current.

To control the switches, a second multivibrator 19 is used, with which the device’s operation cycle is divided into two half-periods. In the first half-periods, when the control signal is generated at the second output of the second multivibrator 19, the first inputs of the second 20 and third 25 memory blocks open, the output voltages of which change the resistances of the second 5 and first 9 controlled resistors to provide the possibility of setting a given value of the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current and the maximum values of measuring current, respectively.

The process of setting the given values of the amplitude of the variable component of the measuring current and the maximum value of the measuring current in the fourth embodiment of the device is carried out similarly to the third embodiment of the device with the only difference being that a second memory unit 20 is included in the control circuit of the second controlled resistor 5, which opens, like the third block 25 memory in the first half-life of the device.

In the second half-periods of operation of the device, a control signal is generated at the first output of the second multivibrator 19. At the same time, the second 20 and third 25 memory blocks are closed, as a result of which the resistances of the controlled resistors 5, 9, and therefore the values of the corresponding measuring currents, remain constant during the second half-periods device operation. The inputs of the amplifier 10 in the second half-periods of operation of the device are connected between the measuring 2 and the second indifferent 4 electrodes, and the output voltage of the amplitude detector 13 passes through the second switch 21 to the first memory block 22, memorized in it and providing registration of the measured parameter of the electrical resistance using the recorder 17.

Thus, in the considered variants of the devices, using the recorder 17, the electric skin resistance of the zone of location of the measuring electrode 2 is measured. Moreover, in the first two versions of the devices, the measurements are carried out using the set amplitude value of the variable component of the measuring current, in the third and fourth versions of the devices, using the set the amplitude values of the variable component of the measuring current and the maximum value of the measuring current, which determines exclusively the measurement errors due to changes in measurement conditions. In addition, the measured value of the electrical skin resistance in all four versions of the devices does not depend on the electric skin resistances of the zones of location of the indifferent electrodes and electric skin (including electrode) potentials, which additionally determines the high accuracy of measurements of the electric skin resistance by the proposed devices.

Thus, the proposed two variants of the method and four variants of devices for measuring electric skin resistance provide high measurement accuracy, which determines the high reliability of diagnostic studies based on the use of the proposed technical solutions. The proposed method and device for measuring electrical resistance can be used to implement medical diagnostic electro-puncture methods that are widely used at present. Moreover, the high accuracy of the measurements using the proposed variants of the method and device allows to obtain highly reliable diagnostic indicators that determine the high efficiency of medical research.

Claims (6)

1. A method for measuring the skin electrode resistances of acupuncture points, including applying a measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point, connecting between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes a series-connected constant calibrated resistor with a known resistance and a variable resistor, periodically changing the resistance of a variable resistor with a given frequency in selected resistance range, measurement of alternating components of voltage drops between the second and indifferent electrodes and on a constant calibrated resistor and calculating the electrical skin resistance from the values of the voltage drops and the resistance of the constant calibrated resistor, characterized in that the range of variation of the resistance of the variable resistor is chosen so that the amplitude of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor is equal to the specified constant voltage value , and electric skin resistance Z _x calculated by the formula:

where U ₁ - the amplitude of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes; U ₀ - a given constant voltage value; R ₀ is the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor. 2. A method of measuring the electric skin resistance of acupuncture points, including applying an measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point, connecting a constant, calibrated resistor with a known resistance and a first variable resistor between the measuring and the first indifferent electrodes, periodically changing the resistance of the variable resistor with a given frequency in a selected range of resistances, measurement of alternating components of voltage drops m Between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes and on a constant calibrated resistor and calculating the electric skin resistance from the values of the voltage drops and the resistance of the constant calibrated resistor, characterized in that a second alternating resistor is connected in series with the first alternating resistor, then the resistance of the first alternating resistor is changed resistor and successively measure the voltage drop from a constant measuring current to constant calibrated resistor, the change in the resistance of the first variable resistor is carried out until the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor modulo becomes equal to the first specified constant voltage value, after which the resistance of the second variable resistor is periodically changed with a given frequency in a variable resistance range and sequentially measure the variable component of the voltage drop across a constant calibrated resistor, changing the range and a periodic change in the resistances of the second variable resistor is carried out until the amplitude of the variable component of the voltage drop across the constant calibrated resistor becomes equal to the second predetermined constant voltage value, after which the variable component of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes is measured, and the electric skin resistance Z _x calculated by the formula:

where U ₁ is the amplitude of the voltage drop between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes; U ₀₂ is the second predetermined constant voltage value; R ₀ is the resistance of a constant calibrated resistor. 3. Device for measuring electrical resistance, containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the first amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first amplitude detector, two indifferent electrodes, an electronic key, the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator , the second input is connected to the first indifferent electrode, and the output to the second output of a constant calibrated resistor, a comparator, the input of which is connected to and the reference voltage point, and a registrar, characterized in that a second amplitude detector and a controlled resistor are introduced into it, the first input of which is connected to the output of the electronic key and the second input of the first amplifier, the second input is connected to the output of the comparator, and the output to the first indifferent electrode, the first and second inputs of the second amplifier are separately connected to the measuring and second indifferent electrodes, and the output through the second amplitude detector is connected to the recorder, the output of the first amplitude detector but connected to the second input of the comparator. 4. Device for measuring electrical resistance, containing a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, an electronic key, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the output of the first multivibrator and the first indifferent electrode, and the output - to the second output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the first switch, the second input of which is connected to the second indifferent electrode, and the output to the second input of the amplifier, a comparator, the input of which is connected to a reference voltage source, two memory blocks, a recorder connected to the output of the first memory block and a second multivibrator, characterized in that a second switch and a controlled resistor are introduced into it, the first whose input is connected to the first input of the first switch, the second input is connected to the output of the second memory block, and the output to the first indifferent electrode, the first and second inputs of the second switch are separately connected to the second input To the comparator and the input of the first memory block, the third input is connected to the third input of the first switch and the first output of the second multivibrator, and the output is connected to the output of the amplitude detector, the second output of the second multivibrator is connected to the first input of the second memory block, the second input of which is connected to the output of the comparator. 5. Device for measuring electrical resistance, containing two amplifiers, a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the first amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first amplitude detector, two indifferent electrodes, an electronic key, the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator , and the second input - to the first indifferent electrode, two comparators, the first input of the first comparator is connected to a reference voltage source, a memory unit and a reg a strator, characterized in that a voltage module isolation unit is introduced into it, a second amplitude detector, the output of which is connected to the recorder, and an input to the output of the second amplifier, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the measuring and second indifferent electrodes, two controlled resistors, the first input of the second controlled resistor is connected to the combined outputs of the electronic key and the first controlled resistor, the second input is connected to the output of the first comparator, and the output to the first indifferent ele By the way, the first input of the first controlled resistor is connected to the second input of the first amplifier and the second output of a constant calibrated resistor, the second input of the first controlled resistor is connected to the output of the memory block, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the outputs of the first multivibrator and second comparator, the first input of the second comparator connected to a reference voltage source, the second input through the voltage module isolation unit is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the second input of the first comparator is the key to the output of the first amplitude detector. 6. Device for measuring electrical resistance, containing a measuring electrode connected to the first output of a constant calibrated resistor and the first input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to an amplitude detector, an electronic key, the first and second inputs of which are separately connected to the output of the first multivibrator and the first indifferent electrode, the first switch, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the constant calibrated resistor, the second input is connected to the second indifferent electronic to the output, and the output to the second input of the amplifier, the first comparator, the input of which is connected to the source of the reference voltage, two memory blocks, a recorder connected to the output of the first memory block, and a second multivibrator, characterized in that a third memory block is inserted into it, the block isolation of the voltage module, two controlled resistors, the first input of the second controlled resistor is connected to the combined outputs of the electronic switch and the first controlled resistor, the second input is connected to the output of the second memory block, and the output to the first to an indifferent electrode, the first and second inputs of the first controlled resistor are separately connected to the first input of the first switch and the output of the third memory block, the second switch, the first input of which is connected to the second input of the first comparator, the second input is connected to the input of the first memory block, the third input is connected to the third the input of the first switch and the first output of the second multivibrator, and the output to the output of the first amplitude detector, the second output of the second multivibrator is connected to the combined first inputs of watts of the third and third memory blocks, the second input of the second memory block is connected to the output of the first comparator, the second input of the third memory block is connected to the output of the first multivibrator, and the third input is connected to the output of the second comparator, the first input of which is connected to the reference voltage source, and the second input through a voltage module isolation unit is connected to an amplifier output.

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