RU2268376C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine comprises cylinder with piston, crankshaft, combustion chamber, nozzles for injecting fuel, nozzle for injecting water, gas ducts, ignition spark plug, and exhaust pipe. The internal combustion engine additionally has heat insulated receiver that receives combustion chamber going into the heat exchanger. The inner surface of the combustion chamber and heat exchanger is heat insulated. The heat exchanger receives the nozzle for injecting water.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine devices for vehicles and can be used as a combined cycle generator.

A known internal combustion engine containing at least one compressor and one working cylinder, pistons, a combustion chamber, an additional combustion chamber with a fuel nozzle and a nozzle for injecting water into both combustion chambers (AS USSR No. 1314137, F 02 M 25 / 02, decl. 05.07.84, publ. 30.05 87, BI No. 20, 1987).

A disadvantage of the known engine is the incomplete combustion of fuel due to the placement of nozzles and the supply of water to both combustion chambers, which does not allow to increase the efficiency of the engine.

The closest in technical essence is the Kashevarov DK engine, which contains a cylinder block with pistons, crankshafts, exhaust pipes, gas ducts, a starter, a combustion chamber with a thermal inertia shell, nozzles for fuel and water injection (Prototype. RF Patent No. 2957951, F 02 B 41/00, declared 25.12.91, publ. 10.04.96, BI No. 10, 1996).

However, this engine design does not provide a more complete combustion of fuel due to the placement of nozzles for water injection and water injection directly into the combustion chamber. Deterioration of the combustion process occurs. These disadvantages of the prototype do not contribute to the achievement of the technical result - an increase in the efficiency of the engine.

Solved problem.

A more complete combustion of fuel to achieve a technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the engine.

The essence of the invention as a technical solution lies in the fact that the engine, containing a cylinder with a piston, a crankshaft, a combustion chamber, a nozzle for spraying fuel, a nozzle for injecting water, a spark plug, an exhaust pipe, gas ducts, is additionally equipped with a heat-insulated receiver which houses the combustion chamber, passing into the heat exchanger, in which the nozzle is installed for the injection of water. The combustion chamber and the heat exchanger, which is a continuation of it, are thermally insulated from the inner surface. The water supply through the nozzle to the heat exchanger, and not to the combustion chamber, allows you to constantly maintain a high temperature in the combustion chamber and contributes to a more complete combustion of fuel. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of the engine, preservation of the ecology of the environment by reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases.

The drawing shows a diagram of an internal combustion engine. It consists of cylinder 1, cylinder head 2, piston 3, compressor inlet valve 4, compressor exhaust valve 5, duct 6, crankshaft 7, heat-insulated receiver 8, combustion chamber 9, fuel tank 10, fuel pump 11, pipeline for fuel supply 12, nozzles for injecting fuel 13, spark plugs 14, heat exchanger 15, containers for supplying water 16, pump for supplying water 17, piping for supplying water 18, nozzles for injecting water 19, receiver valve (for power take-off) 20, the gas duct of the engine 21, the intake valve d igatelya 22, the exhaust valve of the engine 23, the compressor inlet pipe 24, outlet pipe 25 of the engine.

The engine operates as follows.

To start the engine from a source of compressed air through the valve 20 in the receiver 8 creates some pressure. The crankshaft of the engine 7 cranks the starter (the option is considered when the engine starts operation while in compressor mode). Through the inlet pipe of the compressor 24 through the valve 4 through the duct 6, air is supplied to the cylinder 1. The piston 3 then moves down, reaches the bottom dead center, cranks the crankshaft 7 and the inlet valve of the compressor 4 closes. The crankshaft 7 continues to rotate and the piston 3, moving from the bottom dead center to the top, compresses the air in the cylinder 1, the exhaust valve of the compressor 5 opens and the compressed air flows through the gas duct 6 into the combustion chamber 9. From the fuel tank 10 by means of a fuel supply pump 11 through the pipeline 12, the fuel through the nozzle for injecting fuel 13 synchronously with the supply of the gas mixture enters the combustion chamber 9. Ignition of the mixture comes from the spark plug 14. From the combustion chamber 9, the obtained high-temperature gas mixture goes into heat exchanger 15. From the water tank 16 by means of a pump for supplying water 17 through the pipe 18, water is supplied through the nozzle 19 and it is injected into the heat exchanger 15, where the water evaporates, mixes with the gas mixture and then enters the heat-insulated receiver 8, from it the gas duct of the engine 21 through the inlet valve of the engine 22 enters the cylinder 1 (between the head 2 of the cylinder 1 and the piston 3). The working course begins. Expanding, the mixture presses on the piston 3, which, moving to the bottom dead center, cranks the crankshaft 7, doing the job. After completion of the stroke of the piston 3, the exhaust valve of the engine 23 opens and the spent mixture is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe of the engine 25. To control engine operation, valve 22 operates in a controlled manner, i.e. determines the degree of expansion of the vapor-gas mixture in cylinder 1. When the engine is stopped, valve 22 must be closed.

For one revolution of the crankshaft 7 in the compressor mode, there are two revolutions of the crankshaft 7 in the engine operation mode.

The proposed engine can operate in the mode of a gas-vapor generator when, as a result of the minimum allowable opening of the engine intake valve 22, the engine crankshaft 7 is rotated. The gas-vapor mixture, in this case, through the valve 20 of the receiver 8 can be partially directed to other purposes.

The inventive internal combustion engine provides a more complete combustion of fuel, helps to reduce air pollution with toxic components of exhaust gases. Due to more complete combustion of the fuel, a technical result is achieved - an increase in the efficiency of the engine.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder with a piston, a crankshaft, a combustion chamber, a nozzle for spraying fuel, a nozzle for injecting water, gas ducts, a spark plug, an exhaust pipe, characterized in that it is further provided with an insulated receiver in which the combustion chamber is located passing into the heat exchanger in which the nozzle for the injection of water is installed, and the inner surface of the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger is made insulated.