RU2266776C1 - Method of preparation of a "water-in-oil" type emulsion and a system for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry; methods of industrial production of water-resistant blasting explosives based on "water-in-oil" type emulsions.

SUBSTANCE: the group of inventions is pertaining to the methods of industrial production of water-resistant blasting explosives based on "water-in-oil" type emulsions. The method provides for mixing of ammonium nitrate with oil and emulsification. As ammonium nitrate use its liquid concentrate. Feeding of ammonium nitrate and oil for mixing is performed by a compressed air. Mixing is conducted in the apparatus having in series arranged mixing zones: a static zone, a kinematic zone and a dynamic zone. The last mixing is exercised in the rotary-pulsation apparatus. The technical result is simplification of production and an increase of efficiency of the mixing with obtaining of the explosion-hazard-free component.

EFFECT: the invention ensures simplification of production, an increase of efficiency of the mixing, production of the explosion-hazard-free component.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for the industrial production of explosives, in particular to the production of waterproof explosives based on water-in-oil emulsions, and more particularly, to a non-waste technology for producing a non-explosive water-in-oil emulsion component for preparing an explosive.

It is known that in recent years, the demand for cheap industrial explosives based on ammonium nitrate and petroleum products has sharply increased in the mining industry. Moreover, the demand increased for binary-type explosives, in which at least one component of the water-in-oil emulsion type is a drop of a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate coated with a thin oily film. However, according to the applicant, such a component has not yet found wide application in Russia. The reason is the lack of an effective waste-free technology for producing this component.

A known method of preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives (see the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 1790152 issued for the invention "Installation for the production of emulsion explosives of the type" water in oil "). It includes the continuous preparation of the eutectic of the oxidizing agent of ammonia, sodium or calcium nitrate with water (dispersed phase of the emulsion) in appropriate devices when heated to a temperature of 75-95 ° C and the simultaneous preparation of a mixture of fuel oil, oil (oil or paraffin) with an emulsifier - pentaerythritol and fatty esters acids in another apparatus when heated to the previously mentioned temperature, and then these mixtures are filtered and fed to the mixing, which is carried out in a hydrodynamic mode with the formation of a coarse emulsion with a partially non-emu girovannoy phase, wherein the phase is separated by gravity and the remainder is sent to the additional blending, which is conducted at a kinematic mode mixing to form a fine emulsion at the beginning collected in a suitable position, and then from it is discharged from a pump to the corresponding tank.

This well-known technical solution is chosen as a prototype, since it is aimed at solving a similar problem, as the claimed technical solution, has the greatest number of common essential features with it, is the latest development on this topic and is considered as an object for implementation.

However, the prototype has significant disadvantages, namely:

- dry ammonia or sodium nitrate is used as a feedstock, which requires an increase in technological operations and equipment, high energy consumption for the preparation of an appropriate aqueous solution;

- there is waste generation, since the resulting solutions are filtered at the beginning, i.e. large fractions are separated from them, and then large fractions are mixed and again separated from them, large fractions to be disposed of and destroyed by burning;

- the process is implemented at the expense of a large amount of heat, in particular, for heating the prepared solution of ammonia or calcium or sodium nitrate, as well as fuel oil.

- implementation requires a multi-tube system for feeding, washing and returning the mixed components and their processing, which leads to the creation of a complex design of the entire system and to the complexity of its management.

A known system for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives (see Patent RF No. 1790152, MKI C 06 V 21/00, publ. 06.02.89). This known system comprises units for preparing a dispersed phase and a dispersed medium with metering devices and heated devices with mixers and a mixing apparatus, which is an emulsification unit, made in the form of a preliminary mixer and at least one emulsification device in the form of a tank equipped with a rotary-pulsating device apparatus and a mixing device containing rotating blades, and the mixing apparatus is formed with curved ducts for flowing the mixed components This mixture has one output for collecting the coarse phase, and the other for collecting the emulsion, which is sent to the appropriate tank equipped with a pump for overloading the emulsion. In addition, in this known system uses a multi-tube feeding system for mixing the components of the mixture.

This well-known technical solution is chosen as a prototype, since it is aimed at solving a similar problem, as the claimed technical solution, has the greatest number of common essential features with it, is the latest development on this topic and is considered as an object for implementation.

However, the prototype has significant disadvantages, namely:

- it can not be used to obtain only one emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives, as in this case, part of the nodes of the known system will be unloaded, and in some operations will interfere with the process;

- the system known from the prototype has a complex structure and is designed to implement a complex low-tech process, in particular, the raw material should be dry matter, which must be heated and dissolved, which requires separate units (devices) for preparing the dispersed mass with heating devices;

- at least two or three pipes are used for pumping ammonium nitrate and pumping an oxidizing agent to emulsification devices, which requires a complex organization of washing these pipes and the corresponding system units, as well as the appropriate organization of waste disposal from this system washing.

The first objective of the present invention is the creation of a new high-tech method of preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives, which would also be waste-free, and at the output would allow to obtain an non-explosive component of the type "water in oil" while saving energy.

This problem is solved in such a way that in the known method for preparing an emulsion of the type "water in oil", comprising mixing ammonia nitrate with oil and giving the mixture a state of emulsion, according to the present invention, its liquid concentrate is used as ammonium nitrate, and for mixing it with oil - a liquid concentrate of ammonium nitrate, as well as oil, are supplied with compressed air under pressure, moreover, they are mixed under the mentioned pressure by acting on a continuously supplied mixture in successive zones, uyuschih cocurrent flow of mixture from one zone to another, the static mixing components are in the first zone, the second - the kinematic, and the third - the dynamic rotor-pulsating field by mechanically grinding the mixture molecules components.

There is an option that clarifies the development of the main technical solution, namely, that the supply flows of the mixed components are controlled by controlling the pressure of compressed air, the energy of which is converted using diaphragm pumps.

There is also an option according to which heat is removed from the ammonium nitrate liquid concentrate for mixing with the oil, which is used to maintain an appropriate oil temperature.

Such a new technical solution with all its essential features makes it possible to obtain a new method for preparing an emulsion component of the "water in oil" type for the preparation of an explosive. Moreover, the new method allows both to simplify the production of waterproof explosives based on water-in-oil emulsions, and to increase the efficiency of this production, namely, it was possible to obtain a non-waste technology for producing an non-explosive emulsion component of the water-in-oil type for preparing explosives. This is achieved through the use of its liquid concentrate as ammonium nitrate, as well as through its supply for mixing with oil with compressed air under pressure. In addition, it turned out to be effective to use mixing under the aforementioned pressure by acting on the mixture in successively located corresponding zones that form a direct-flow channel for the flow of the mixed mixture.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives has significant differences, consisting in the supply for mixing components with compressed air under pressure and process control by changing the pressure of compressed air. In addition, the difference lies in the fact that the process of mixing the components of the mixture is carried out in successively located corresponding zones, which form a direct-flow channel for the flow of the mixed mixture.

In addition, for the first time it was possible to use the residual products from the previous cycle of obtaining the aforementioned component for the manufacture of its new batch without the use of special additional equipment. Moreover, the proposed method differs from the prototype also in that it does not need to use heating devices to obtain ammonium nitrate concentrate, but rather, on the contrary, there is a need to accumulate heat in this operation and use it, for example, to maintain the oil in proper condition .

A patent information search carried out by the applicant showed that the claimed combination of essential distinguishing features was not found. Therefore, the proposed method for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives can be considered "New."

The proposed method of preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives meets the criterion of "inventive step", since the creation of such a method for a specialist of average skill does not logically follow from the prior art. So, for example, a method for producing industrial explosives and an apparatus for its implementation are known (see RF Patent No. 2201913). It states that granular ammonium nitrate is used to prepare explosives. As we have already noted, in our case, an aqueous concentrate of ammonium nitrate is used, due to which the use of heating devices to obtain a liquid solution of ammonium nitrate is not required. In addition, it was possible to use compressed air under pressure to move the mixed components throughout the entire process. Moreover, for the first time, the method of mixing the components was sharply changed, and changed in such a way that it is a waste-free production and the process proceeds continuously and in a direct-flow channel formed by successive mixing zones, while the first zone is subjected to static mixing of the components, in the second - kinematic and in the third - dynamic, using rotor-pulsation field effect on the molecular components of the mixture by mechanical grinding.

The second inventive task solved by the present invention is the task of creating a system capable of implementing the aforementioned proposed method for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives.

This problem is solved as follows. In a known system for preparing an emulsion of the type "water in oil" containing units for supplying ammonium nitrate and oil for mixing into a mixing apparatus having a section with a rotary pulsation apparatus for mixing in a dynamic field, ACCORDING to the present invention, the mixing apparatus is provided with two additional sections, the first of which is made with the possibility of mixing in a static field, and the second with the possibility of mixing in a kinematic field, while the mixing apparatus is made in the form of a pipe with the possibility of continuous flow the mixture flows from the first section to the second and further to the section with a rotary pulsation apparatus.

Such a new technical solution, with its whole set of essential features, allows you to create a system for preparing an emulsion of the type "water in oil". Moreover, the creation of a system that has a simpler design, allows to obtain an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives. This system does not have unnecessary elements, and the existing ones carry the maximum functional load.

Compared with the prototype, this inventive system has significant differences, which are in a different design as the entire structure of the system, and its main components, such as a mixing apparatus.

The patent information search cited by the applicant showed that the claimed combination of essential features of a system for preparing an emulsion component of the "water in oil" type for preparing an explosive is not known. Therefore, this technical solution can be recognized as "New."

The proposed system for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives meets the criterion of "inventive step", since the creation of such a system for a specialist of average skill does not logically follow from the prior art. So, in the prototype or, for example, in the well-known installation for the production of industrial explosives (see RF Patent No. 2201913) it is indicated that granular ammonium nitrate is used for the preparation of explosives, and therefore have at least two feed pipes in the installation or in the corresponding system the components to be mixed into the mixing apparatus, as well as individual devices for pre-processing the mixture before it is fed to the rotary pulsation apparatus. In addition, to ensure obtaining a homogeneous emulsion mixture, traditionally used curved channels for supplying the mixture to mixing. In our case, there is a mixture in the direct-flow channel, but with an increased number of zones and their different arrangement, in which the corresponding field effects are applied to the mixture continuously fed through them to the mixture.

The practical applicability of the proposed method for the preparation of an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of explosives and its implementing system is illustrated in the drawing, where:

Figure 1 - diagram of a system for implementing the above method;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the mixing apparatus.

To describe a practical implementation option of the proposed method, it is advisable to use the scheme of the system that implements it (Fig. 1).

This system for preparing an emulsion component of the type "water in oil" for the preparation of an explosive contains an ammonium nitrate supply unit 1, and specifically its liquid concentrate, and an oil supply unit 2 for mixing them in the mixing apparatus 3 to an emulsion state, wherein the liquid concentrate supply unit 1 ammonium nitrate and the unit 2 of the oil supply have a traditional design and are currently used in existing similar industries. However, there is a feature in their equipment. This feature consists in the use of membrane pumps instead of electric pumps (not shown in the drawing), which, using compressed air under pressure, supply liquid ammonium nitrate concentrate and oil for mixing into mixing apparatus 3 and freely change the feed rates of the mixed components. The mixing device 3 is a sectional emulsification unit in which all sections, and there are three of them: 4, 5, 6, are made in one housing 7 and are located in it in series, forming a direct-flow channel (FIGS. 1 and 2). Each of the mentioned nodes 1 and 2 is connected via a pipe 8, 9, respectively, to the mixing apparatus 3 into a single pipe of direct-flow action. Moreover, the mixing apparatus 3 is configured to continuously flow the mixed mixture from the first section 4, made for mixing in a static field, into the second section 5, made for mixing in the kinematic field, and from it into the third section 6, made for mixing in a dynamic field and which is a rotary pulsation apparatus 10, which is configured to carry out a process of high-energy impact on the material being processed at low energy consumption for the implementation of the process itself.

Moreover, each of the mentioned sections 4, 5, 6 represents a corresponding processing zone of the mixture. In addition, each unit 1 and 2 of supplying, respectively, a liquid concentrate of ammonium nitrate and oil has an additional pipeline 11 and 12, which, when washing the main pipe 8, 9, ensures the return of waste products from the previous cycle of preparation of the water-in-oil emulsion component to the beginning of the next feeding the miscible components to prepare a new batch of said emulsion component.

It should be noted that in this system, compressed air under a pressure of up to 8 atm is used to supply a liquid concentrate of ammonium nitrate and oil.

This system works as follows. From a tanker truck (not shown) with compressed air, a liquid ammonia concentrate is pumped into unit 1 at a temperature of 150 ° C with a concentration of 93%, density 1.46. In automatic mode, the unit 1 is diluted with water to 83% and a density of 1.4 and the temperature is reduced to 90 ° C, for example, by taking heat from a coil and a water jacket (not shown in the drawing).

In node 3, with the help of diaphragm pumps (not shown in the drawing), industrial oil and an emulsifier are pumped. They are mixed and heated, in particular, by the selected heat during cooling of unit 1. Upon reaching the specified conditions in units 1 and 2, the controlled devices (not shown in the drawing) give a command to pump the components into the mixing device 3. Before they enter the mixing device, 3 flows dosed automatically. When they enter the mixing apparatus 3 in a dosed volume in the mixing apparatus 3, first in the zone 4 the mixture is processed in a static field, i.e. when the flow of the mixture encounters a static obstacle, for example, in the form of oblique baffles that organize the flow into the necessary rotational motion required for its subsequent kinematic mixing in zone 5. In zone 5, the rotation of the flow continues to increase not only due to the flow rate, but and rotating blades, which are an integral part of the rotary pulsation apparatus (Fig.1 and 2). In essence, in this way, the flow of the mixture is captured in the region 5 by the rotating blades and directed by them into the gap of the rotating rotor relative to the stator. As a result, there is a dynamic effect on the mixture, in which the abrasion of the components and the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion occur at the molecular level.

Claims (4)

1. A method of preparing an emulsion of the type "water in oil", including mixing ammonium nitrate with oil and giving the mixture a state of emulsion, characterized in that as ammonium nitrate use its liquid concentrate, and to mix it with oil, a liquid concentrate of ammonium nitrate, and the oil is supplied with compressed air under pressure, and their mixing is carried out under the aforementioned pressure by acting on a continuously supplied mixture in successively located zones, forming a straight-through flow of the mixture from one zone to another, and in this in the first zone they conduct static mixing of the components, in the second - kinematic, and in the third - dynamic in the rotary-pulsating field by mechanical grinding of the molecules of the mixture components. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow control of the mixed components is carried out by regulating the pressure of compressed air, the energy of which is converted using diaphragm pumps. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that before feeding the liquid concentrate of ammonium nitrate to mix with oil, heat is removed from it, which is used to maintain an appropriate temperature of the oil. 4. A system for preparing an emulsion of the type "water in oil", containing units for supplying ammonium nitrate and oil for mixing into a mixing apparatus, having a section with a rotary pulsation apparatus for mixing in a dynamic field, characterized in that the mixing apparatus is equipped with two additional sections, the first of which is made with the possibility of mixing in a static field, and the second with the possibility of mixing in a kinematic field, while the mixing apparatus is made in the form of a pipe with the possibility of continuous flow of the mixture from p rvoy section to the second section and further into a rotary-pulsation device.

Images