RU226251U1 - Retort of the charcoal burning complex - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of technology for industrial production, obtaining charcoal of various fractions and composition in the final product. A retort of a charcoal burning complex, characterized in that it is designed with the ability to regulate the temperature, including a discharge chimney with an automatic damper configured to open/close it, a blower, side dampers for air supply, chimneys with outlet dampers, partitions between the casing and the internal body of the retort , which are configured to allow flue gas to pass through a constructed labyrinth of partitions to transfer heat to the inner casing, while the inner casing of the retort is equipped with a gas pipeline configured to discharge pyrolysis gases back into the heat generator furnace for their utilization and heat generation to support the charcoal burning process. The technical result is to increase the volume of products from one device, ensure continuous operation, and also provide control over the level of product burning 20 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of technology for industrial production, obtaining charcoal of various fractions and composition in the final product.

Analogues of utility models.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART.

The Stafford method is known (US 1380262). There are many large-scale commercial methods for producing charcoal. Some of the main methods include the Lambiotte/Lurgi autoclave system (US 2289917), tubular reactor systems in which the material is directed by means of a screw, e.g. Thomsen autoclave (US 3110652), rotating tube autoclave systems, e.g. Seeman autoclave (US 1115590), multiple heating furnace systems, such as the Herreshoff furnace (Manual on the manufacture of charcoal. Research and development of solar energy in the European Community. Series E, Energy from Biomass, Vol. 7 (1985)), the fluidized bed pyrolyzer and the Badger process -Stafford (W.G. Nelson Distillation of wood waste by the Badger-Stafford method, Ind. Eng. Chem. (1930). No. 4, vol. 22, pp. 312-315.).

Technical field

Retort of the charcoal burning complex:

1. The retort of the charcoal burning complex is used for the production of charcoal.

The world of technology knows analogues, however, they do not have the improvements that are present in this device, namely:

1. Retort of a charcoal burning complex, characterized in that it contains an automatic damper on the discharge chimney, a blower, side dampers for air supply and outlet dampers on the chimneys, made with the ability to open/close to regulate the temperature.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dampers are designed to regulate the supply of flue gases.

3. Retort of the charcoal burning complex, characterized by the fact that the internal bodies of the retorts are equipped with gas pipelines for removing pyrolysis gases back into the heat generator furnace, for their utilization and obtaining heat to support the charcoal burning process, which ensures a continuous operation process.

4. Retort of the charcoal burning complex, characterized by the fact that the design, through pyrolysis, simultaneously ensures the drying of wood in one retort and the decomposition (pyrolysis) of wood in another.

5. Retort of a charcoal burning complex, characterized by the fact that the design is made in such a way that fuel is consumed only to start the process, and then the operation of the installation supports itself.

6. Retort of the charcoal burning complex, characterized by the fact that it has regulation of the flue gases by dampers, thereby achieving high autonomy and energy independence of the installation.

The retort of the charcoal burning complex belongs to industrial production, is used in medicine, industry, the final product for domestic purposes, as well as in other cases.

Purpose.

The retort of the charcoal burning complex is suitable for producing charcoal, which can be used for domestic, industrial, medical, and other purposes. The invention can be used in the metallurgical and chemical industries. Device for autogenous charcoal production

Attached is a drawing.

UTILITY MODEL DISCLOSURE:

The purpose of this utility model is to increase the volume of products from one device, ensure continuous operation, and also provide control over the level of product burning, in order to obtain products for the desired type of production, for example, medical or industrial.

Disadvantages of this useful model:

There are no cons.

Reference to any prior art in the specification does not constitute, and should not be construed as, an endorsement or any form of agreement that such prior art is part of the known knowledge in Russia or any other jurisdiction, or that such prior art can reasonably be expected to the prior art can be identified, understood, and considered relevant by one skilled in the art.

Principle of operation:

Continuous charcoal burning complex consisting of 4 retorts, figure 1.

The wood material is fed into the retorts by a conveyor belt. The size of the wood fed by the conveyor belt should not exceed 300 mm in length and 100 mm in diameter, figure 2. The loaded material should be approximately the same size for the uniform process of producing charcoal.

Wood is used for loading (figure 2)

The supplied material is distributed among the retorts by a rotary chute, figure 3.

The retort is filled up to the pyrolysis gas outlet hole so that the wood does not block the passage. Then close the lid tightly to prevent air from entering.

To start the stove, load wood for kindling. The filling volume is no more than 50% of the firebox volume figure 4.

Before igniting the stove, check the outlet dampers and the automatic damper on the chimneys; they must be open Figure 5. After starting to ignite the stove, Figure 7. The combustion process is regulated by the air supply through the ash pan and side dampers, Figure 6.

The flue gases passing through the furnace channel enter the discharge chimney located on the furnace itself and into the chimneys connecting the furnace and the retort, figure 8. Hot flue gases, entering the heat exchanger chamber, heat the bottom, figure 9, and the retort body, passing in a spiral, figure 10 , and then cooled down into the atmosphere through the outlet chimneys. Flue gases from the heat exchanger do not enter the retort.

To reduce heat loss, Ursa Insulation is installed between the heat exchanger and the casing lining.

After the stove has flared up, it is necessary to close the automatic damper on the exhaust chimney (figure 11).

During the combustion process in the furnace, the loaded raw materials are dried in retorts. This process is controlled by a temperature sensor installed in the retort, information from which is displayed on the operator’s console display. During the drying process, the temperature in the output stream through the pyrolysis gas outlet will not greatly exceed 100°C. When the rate of temperature increase in the exhaust stream begins to increase rapidly. This will be a signal that the process of releasing pyrolysis gases has begun Figure 12. The operator needs to monitor the temperature in the retort; it should not exceed 450°C. Temperature adjustment is carried out by closing the blower, opening the automatic damper, closing the side air supply dampers and closing the outlet dampers on the retort chimneys.

Pyrolysis gases from the retort are directed through a specially laid pipe into the furnace firebox above the grate space, where they help maintain combustion (figure 13).

After the process of releasing pyrolysis gases in the retort is completed, it is necessary to open the unloading hatch and unload the contents into a special container, figure 14. Unloading is carried out manually with a shovel or poker. Then cover the container with a tight lid without access to oxygen and transfer it to a special area for finished products. Next, the unloading hatch closes. We load wood material into the retort using a conveyor belt, having previously installed a rotary chute on the vacated retort.

Due to the fact that the retorts are loaded sequentially with a certain time interval, the process of releasing pyrolysis gas also begins and ends with a certain time interval; this makes it possible to supply pyrolysis gas into the furnace firebox to maintain combustion continuously. From which it follows that the complex consisting of a furnace and 4 retorts can be considered a continuous operation, figure 15.

The charcoal burning complex is designed to produce charcoal in wood chemical production from sawn or otherwise crushed wood, the largest fraction of which does not exceed a size of 100x300mm. The complex includes a free-standing heat generator connected by thermally insulated gas pipelines to four chambers (retorts), which are an outer casing separated by an air cavity, covered with heat-insulating material, and an inner casing made of metal. Retorts are equipped with loading and unloading hatches. Loading of raw materials is carried out mechanically, using a special chute and a conveyor belt. Unloading is carried out by gravity, while dosed unloading of raw materials is ensured by a specially selected angle of inclination of the bottom of the internal chamber of the retort, the shape and cross-sectional area of the unloading hatch. The system for loading and unloading raw materials implemented in this complex requires less physical effort from operating personnel in comparison with other similar designs of charcoal burning plants.

A design feature of the retorts of the charcoal burning complex is the presence of special partitions between the outer casing and the inner body of the retort. The partitions are located in such a way that the flue gas leaving the heat generator for heating the raw materials in the retorts passes through a specially built labyrinth of partitions, giving maximum heat to the inner housing. Due to this, more efficient utilization of flue gases is achieved compared to other similar designs of charcoal kilns.

Also, the internal housings of the retorts are equipped with gas pipelines for removing pyrolysis gases back into the heat generator furnace, for their utilization and for generating heat to support the charcoal burning process. The volume of the retorts of the charcoal burning complex is selected in such a way that when loaded with raw materials of the specified size with a humidity of up to 40% and under normal external conditions, the work process is continuous. While in some retorts the process of wood pyrolysis occurs, in others the raw material is dried. When the retorts are started sequentially at intervals of 4 hours and the second running retort reaches operating mode (reaching a temperature of 450°C and the beginning of wood recharring), the pyrolysis gases generated during the operation of the complex are sufficient to maintain the process without adding additional fuel to the heat generator for heat generation . Thus, fuel is consumed only to start the process, and then the operation of the installation supports itself. The supply of flue gases to the retorts is controlled by dampers. The diameter, height of the pipes, and cross-sectional area of the labyrinth for flue gases inside the retorts are selected in such a way that the movement of gases inside the gas pipelines, while maintaining a given temperature (controlled by thermocouples with the parameter value displayed on an electronic display), is ensured without additional draft. Due to this, high autonomy and energy independence of the installation is achieved, which is an advantage of this complex compared to other designs.

We also attach the following drawings:

Side view - figure 16

Top view and general view - figure 17

Frame of an enlarged stove - figure 18

General view - figure 19

Sectional view of the oven - figure 20

Claims (2)

1. Retort of the charcoal burning complex, characterized in that it is designed with the ability to regulate the temperature, including a discharge chimney with an automatic damper configured to open/close it, a blower, side dampers for air supply, chimneys with outlet dampers, partitions between the casing and the internal retort body, which is designed to allow flue gas to pass through a built-in labyrinth of partitions to transfer heat to the inner body, while the inner body of the retort is equipped with a gas pipeline configured to drain pyrolysis gases back into the heat generator furnace for their utilization and heat generation to support the charcoal burning process . 2. Retort according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed to regulate the flow of flue gases using dampers.