RU2262369C1 - Ejection installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: continuous operation ejection installations.

SUBSTANCE: ejection installation can be used for destroying arms provided with chemical poisoning matters, namely poisoning gases. Installation has system for storing and feeding neutralizing solutions, system for supplying matter to be processed, ejector provided with mixing chamber, diffuser and branches for supplying main working stream and matter to be processed, flow-through reactor connected in series with diffuser, container for storing products of reaction and gas cleaning system. Installation is provided with system for supplying matters under pressure to reactor, namely, neutral gas, and system for checking seal-proof of connections. System for supplying neutral gas to flow-through reactor has at least one nozzle apparatus and lock-adjusting and control equipment which are connected together and with source of neutral gas under pressure. Systems for supplying and storing neutralizing solutions and feeding processed matter are connected with branches for supplying main working flow and processed matter of ejector. Flow-through reactor is made in form of pipeline with at least one axial turbine mixer, disposed inside reactor, for activating chemical reactions. Nozzle apparatus of system for supplying neutral gas into flow-through reactor is mounted in front of axial turbine mixer. System of checking connections for seal-tightness is made in form of at least one ring-shaped chamber embracing item to be inspected, aids for creating excess pressure of inert medium and test equipment. All the units of system are connected together and are filled with inert medium. Conditions of processes of chemical conversion of poisoning matters in ejector are improved and level of inspection of parameters of operation is increased.

EFFECT: improved ecological cleanness; improved safety of detoxication process.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for chemical processing, mainly detoxification, poisonous and toxic substances, and more particularly to continuous devices of ejector type for the destruction of chemical weapons equipped with chemical poisonous substances (OM). The invention can be used in the elimination of stockpiles of chemical munitions and stockpiles of explosives, mainly lewisite.

The destruction of stockpiles of chemical weapons and toxic explosives is an urgent and at the same time a difficult technical task, requiring the development of special technologies that provide the highest safety, sufficient performance and reasonable cost.

Today, among others, preference is given to chemical methods of detoxification of chemical weapons and chemical agents, as they are able to meet strict technical safety requirements and ensure the irreversibility of the conversion of highly toxic chemical products.

The use of an ejector (jet pump, friction pump) for pumping and pumping liquid and gaseous media is widely known in the art in general and in pumping and ejector installations, in particular, see patents RU No. 2192565, cl. F 04 F 5/54, 2001 and No. 2182266, 2000. The role of the ejector in these plants is limited only by its pumping functions, and the properties of the ejector as a mixer and even less as a chemical reactor are not used.

Known means of chemical detoxification using hydrolysis with alkalis, see patents RU No. 2123368, cl. A 62 D 3/00, 1997 and No. 2172196, 1999, including using at least one ejector to continuously mix the ejected stream of the substance to be detoxified and the flow of the working fluid — nucleophilic agent (water, solutions hydroxides of metals, hypochlorites, ammonia, alcohols, acids, etc.) supplied by a metering pump under pressure, see patent RU No. 2182505, cl. A 62 D 3/00, 2001. A common significant drawback of these technical solutions is the significant length of the time period during which the initial OM or products of the incomplete process of their detoxification are stored in dangerous concentrations.

Known installation for the disposal of lewisite to obtain metallic arsenic, patent RU No. 2066218, class. A 62 D 3/00, 1992, including a lewisite supply unit, a recovery component supply unit, a gas-vapor mixture production unit, a continuous displacement reactor, a deposition chamber, a refrigerator, adsorbers and a stripper, a membrane separator and a cartridge filter. The installation provides continuity and a high degree of completion of the recycling process. At the same time, the presence of the lewisite supply unit implies its injection into the unit for obtaining the gas-vapor mixture and then into the continuous displacement reactor under overpressure. Lewisite (β-chlorovinyl dichlorarsin) is an OM with even the highest penetrating ability under normal conditions, and being under excessive pressure in practice means unavoidable uncontrolled leakages into production facilities and the environment.

A known installation for thermochemical disposal of highly toxic substances, see patent RU No. 2005519, class. A 62 D 3/00, 1992, including a source of high-temperature gas in the form of a rocket engine, a hydraulic system for supplying highly toxic substances in a fluid form, a mixing device in the form of a supersonic ejector, an input system for additional chemicals, a reaction chamber, a multi-link system for cleaning, utilization, and capture , exhaust system for gas. In the OB installation, they are fed into the stream of hot gases from a rocket engine and mixed in a supersonic ejector with a neutralizing chemical agent; at the outlet of the ejector, products for thermochemical neutralization are subjected to final cleaning and degassing. The installation provides continuity and a high degree of neutralization of highly toxic substances. This well-known technical solution was adopted as a prototype as the closest analogue in technical essence and achieved result.

The disadvantages of the prototype include a high degree of gas formation, which is accompanied by thermal detoxification of lewisite, which reduces the efficiency of the processes of detoxification in the ejector. In addition, in the process of thermal decomposition of lewisite, acid-containing products are formed, leading to premature failure of the equipment.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which is expressed in improving the conditions of the processes of chemical conversion of toxic and toxic substances in the ejector while increasing the level of control of the parameters of the installation.

Ultimately, the specified technical result achieved by using the proposed installation, allows to increase the environmental cleanliness and safety of the detoxification process of toxic and toxic substances, as well as its effectiveness while maintaining all the positive properties of the prototype.

The indicated positive result is ensured in an ejector installation for chemical processing, including a storage system and supply of neutralizing solutions, a system for supplying a processed substance, an ejector with a mixing chamber, a diffuser and nozzles for supplying the main working stream and a processed substance, a flow reactor connected in series with the ejector diffuser, and an accumulation capacity reaction products and a gas purification system, by equipping it with a pressure supply system to a flow reactor, the advantages continuously, and the neutral gas leak monitoring system compounds. The pressure feed system in the flow reactor of predominantly neutral gas consists of at least one nozzle apparatus and shut-off and control valves, gas-connected to each other and to a source of predominantly neutral gas under pressure. The storage and supply systems of neutralizing solutions and the supply of the processed substance are connected, respectively, by pipes for supplying the main working stream and the processed substance of the ejector. The flow reactor is made in the form of a pipeline with at least one axial turbine mixer placed in it to activate chemical reactions. A nozzle apparatus of a system for supplying, under pressure to a flow reactor, a predominantly neutral gas, is installed in front of an axial turbine mixer. The system for monitoring the tightness of the joints is made in the form of interconnected and filled with an inert medium of at least one annular chamber covering the controlled joint, means for creating overpressure of the inert medium and instrumentation.

It is possible to equip the pipeline of the plant’s flow reactor with at least one compensator for non-isothermal temperature stresses and thermal deformations, made in the form of a bellows insert located mainly at its end sections and / or in the middle part.

Preferred is an ejector installation circuit in which the annular chamber of the leak tightness monitoring system is located at least at the junction of the ejector diffuser with the flow reactor and is formed by a recess in adjacent surfaces.

In addition to the above, it is possible to equip the pressure supply system in the flow reactor, mainly of neutral gas, with a fitting installed in the wall of the flow reactor tangentially in front of the nozzle apparatus, the latter made in the form of a turboexpander, the axial turbine mixer may have an output apparatus made in the form the blade wheel, and the turboexpander, axial turbine mixer and the blade wheel can be sequentially located on a single shaft.

The use of an ejector in the installation allows to simplify a number of technological operations and solve safety issues, especially when processing toxic compounds. Direct extraction of OM from the storage without pumping it to an intermediate tank and minimizing the total mass of the substance in the internal cavities of the unit's operating units by filling only the supply pipe of the processed ejector material in the absence of high pressure, on the contrary, a vacuum of up to 0.03 is created in the pumped volume ... 0.025 kgf / cm ² , which completely eliminates the leakage of organic matter at a maximum concentration in the environment. In addition to the suction effect, the ejector provides a good mix of high-speed active (working) and suction (passive) flows. Thus, the use of a liquid ejector makes it possible to combine the processes of pumping toxic and toxic substances into one functional unit with simultaneous mixing. In the process of mixing in a liquid ejector, highly effective chemical detoxification is carried out with the formation of products of incomplete processing at the outlet of the mixture. Detoxification is completed only at the outlet of the flow reactor, which serves as an additional activator of chemical reactions.

The ejector in combination with a flowing chemical reactor is a continuous installation and perfect mixing. In a smooth pipeline of a flow reactor, it is not possible to provide high mixing efficiency and the rate of chemical transformations necessary to complete the completion of OM conversion processes, due to the laminar nature of the reaction mixture and insufficient dynamics of the mutual diffusion of the reactants. In a flow reactor, the product stream of an unfinished detoxification process is subjected to the sequential action of a tangential jet of neutral gas under pressure, a turboexpander, an axial turbine mixer, and a blade wheel. An increase in the degree of mixing of the reagents is not the main function of the system for supplying predominantly neutral gas to the flow reactor under pressure, however, the tangential introduction through the nozzle, for example, of compressed nitrogen in front of the nozzle apparatus significantly turbulizes the flow and actively promotes mixing of detoxification products. One of the effective methods of braking and averaging a freely expanding gas-liquid flow in a volume is to activate the kinetic energy of the jet in mechanical work, for example, on a turbine. In the design of the flow reactor, at least one axial turbine mixer was used to activate chemical reactions, which simultaneously facilitates inhibition and averaging of neutral gas in the volume and mechanical mixing of detoxification products. The axial turbine mixer is a scapular machine and must be equipped with fixed inlet and outlet devices, which are a turboexpander and a paddle wheel located on a single shaft. The main purpose of the nozzle and outlet apparatus is to change the velocity vector of the gas-liquid flow in front of and at the exit of the axial turbine mixer, which rotates freely on a single shaft.

Intensive mixing and vortex formation in a stream caused by rotation of an axial turbine mixer at a speed of several thousand revolutions per minute is a highly effective means of increasing the rate of chemical reactions. Due to the use of additional axial turbine mixers, it is possible to provide an arbitrarily high completeness of mixing and any length of stay of an elementary portion of the reacting mixture in a flow reactor, and therefore any desired degree of OM conversion.

During the detoxification of certain types of OM, there is an intensive release of combustible and explosive gases, such as acetylene. To carry out a technologically safe process, the installation is equipped with a system for supplying predominantly neutral gas to a flow reactor under pressure, by means of which a homogeneous neutral gas is distributed along the length into the neutralization product stream and the flow reactor is purged with a neutral gas, for example nitrogen. It is known that the air-acetylene mixture is explosive when the concentration of acetylene in it is from 2.3 to 80.7%, and when diluted with nitrogen in a ratio of 1/10, it is safe in air, even under pressure. The pressure feed system in the flow reactor of predominantly neutral gas contains, in addition to the nozzle apparatus and the tangential fitting, shut-off and control valves, gas-connected together and with a source of predominantly neutral gas under pressure, which makes it possible to maintain safe detoxification reactions, for example, alkaline hydrolysis of lewisite acetylene concentration and pressure in the flow reactor.

In accordance with the technical requirements for hazardous facilities, the neutralization unit must meet generally accepted requirements for the reliability of actuating units and mechanisms. The tightness requirements of assemblies and assemblies in contact with the exhaust agent must comply with class 0-0 in accordance with GOST R50430-92. In the event of an emergency, design failure, or any deviation from the nominal operating mode of the executive unit, no emissions of toxic OM vapors from the flow reactor into the atmosphere shall occur. The most dangerous from the point of view of leakage in the installation are the joints of its nodes. The tightness control system of compounds allows not only to timely detect the occurrence of leaks and to signal about it, but also to prevent the release of hazardous substances into the atmosphere.

The chemical detoxification reaction of certain types of OM is exothermic, i.e. proceeds with the release of a significant amount of heat, which causes the occurrence of thermal deformations in the structural elements of the installation. To compensate for these thermal deformations and non-isothermal temperature stresses that occur in the installation during its installation and operation, it is equipped with a bellows insert located mainly in the most vulnerable place or places.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an ejector installation for the chemical processing of toxic and toxic substances; figure 2 is a section of a flow reactor in the context; figure 3. - node connecting a flow reactor with an ejector diffuser.

The ejector installation for chemical processing, mainly the detoxification of toxic and toxic substances, consists of an ejector 1 with a mixing chamber 2, a diffuser 3 and nozzles for supplying the main working stream 4 and the processed substance 5. The pipe 4 for supplying the main working stream is connected to the storage and supply system of neutralizing solutions , which consists of a storage 6, valves 7, 8 and 9, a flow meter 10, a check valve 11 and a pressure gauge 12. A pipe 5 for supplying the processed substance is connected to the supply system for the processed of the substance, which consists of a vessel 13 with OM, which can also be the ammunition itself, valve 14, flow meter 15, and check valve 16. The mixing chamber 2 is connected through valve 17 to a manometer 18. A flow reactor 19 made in series is connected in series with diffuser 3 in the form of a pipeline, which is equipped with a system for supplying thereto a predominantly neutral gas under pressure, consisting of at least one nozzle apparatus 20 in the form of a turboexpander, tangentially mounted in the wall in front of it of the fitting 21, gas-connected with a locking control and control valves, represented by a valve 22, a flow meter 23, a pressure gauge 24 and a check valve 25, and a source 26 of mainly neutral gas under pressure. At least one axial turbine mixer 27 is located inside the flow reactor 19 with an outlet apparatus 28 made in the form of a blade wheel. The nozzle apparatus 20, the axial turbine mixer 27 and the output apparatus 28 are sequentially located on a single shaft 29, and the axial turbine mixer 27 is freely rotatable. The flow reactor 19 is also equipped with a flange joint tightness control system, which consists of a valve 30, a pressure gauge 31 and a check valve 32 connected to annular chambers 33 formed by a recess in adjacent surfaces of the flanged joints 34 between two O-rings 35. An inert medium overpressure for the tightness control system of the connections, a source 26 of predominantly neutral gas under pressure is used, which is also connected to the valve 7 of the neutral storage and supply system izuyuschih solutions.

The inlet pipe section of the flow reactor 19 on the diffuser side 3 is equipped with a compensator for non-isothermal temperature stresses and thermal deformations made in the form of a bellows insert 36. The output pipe section of the flow reactor 19 is connected to the reaction product storage tank 37, which has a tap 38 to the gas treatment system (in the figure not shown).

An ejector installation for the chemical processing of toxic and toxic substances works as follows.

Before the installation starts, it is purged with neutral gas, for example, compressed nitrogen, through a neutral gas supply system, for which a valve 22 is opened, and gas from a source 26 through a flow meter 23 and a check valve 25 and a nozzle 21 enters the installation, filling it and displacing residues atmospheric air. Then, the flange connection tightness control system is connected by opening the valve 30. Compressed nitrogen under excess pressure from the source 26 through the check valve 32 fills the annular chambers 33. The compressed nitrogen supply pressure exceeds the working pressure in the flow reactor 19 and is controlled by a pressure gauge 31. In case of any leakage from two O-rings 35 of flange connections 34, compressed nitrogen is injected from the annular chamber 33 into the zone of leakage formed in the connection 34, which prevents the release of oduktov detoxification into the environment. At the same time, the manometer 31 with its indications of a pressure drop in the system will signal a breach of tightness. After that, the installation is ready for operation and you can turn on the storage and supply of neutralizing solutions. Valves 7 and 8 are opened, as a result of which the neutralizing solution from the storage 6 is displaced by the pressure of compressed nitrogen from the source 26 through the flow meter 10, the check valve 11 and the pipe 4 for supplying the main working stream to the mixing chamber 2 of the ejector 1. After the installation of the 2 ejectors 1 in the mixing chamber sufficient vacuum, the value of which is controlled by a manometer 18, includes a system for supplying the processed substance by opening the valve 14. The lewisite from the vessel or ammunition 13 through the flow meter 15, the check valve 16 and the pipe 5 batyvaemogo substance enters the mixing chamber 1. The ejector 2 mixing chamber 2 lewisite interacts with basic working stream, wherein there is an intensive turbulent mixing and interaction of the working and the intake flow, and then a gradual equalization of the velocity field and the formation of the averaged flow mixture. Further mixing and braking of liquids in the diffuser 3 is accompanied by intense chemical interaction. Nonisothermal temperature stresses and thermal deformations arising during the operation of the installation are compensated by the deformation of the bellows insert 36. The completeness of the OM detoxification process in the ejector 1 is about 70%; therefore, the reaction mixture and reaction products are transferred from it to the flow reactor 19 for final processing.

In the flow reactor 19, the reaction mixture is turbulized and diluted with nitrogen from the neutral gas supply system through the nozzle 21. But the main means of intensifying and completing the detoxification process of the OB in the flow reactor 19 is an axial turbine mixer 27 in conjunction with the nozzle 20 and outlet 28 devices, which provide normal operation of the axial turbine mixer 27. Experiments show that at the exit already from the first axial turbine mixer 27, the completeness of the completion of the detoxification process of OM is 97 ... 98%.

Thus, at the outlet of the flow reactor 19, equipped with a sufficient number of axial turbine mixers 27, it is possible to obtain an explosion-proof mixture of detoxification products with a given degree of conversion, which do not need to be reprocessed. From the flow reactor 19, the reaction products are discharged to the storage tank 37. Through the outlet 38, gaseous products are transferred to the gas purification system, and liquid and insoluble are discharged from the storage tank 37 for subsequent disposal.

Claims (4)

1. An ejector installation for chemical processing, mainly detoxification of toxic and toxic substances, including a storage system and supply of neutralizing solutions, a system for supplying a processed substance, an ejector with a mixing chamber, a diffuser and nozzles for supplying the main working stream and a processed substance, connected in series with a flow ejector diffuser the reactor, the accumulation capacity of the reaction products and the gas treatment system, characterized in that it is equipped with a pressure feed system in an accurate reactor of predominantly neutral gas and a system for monitoring the tightness of the compounds, while the pressure feed system for the flow reactor of predominantly neutral gas consists of at least one nozzle apparatus and shut-off and control and control valves, gas-connected to each other and to a source of predominantly neutral gas under pressure, and the storage and supply systems of neutralizing solutions and the supply of the processed substance are connected respectively to the supply pipes of the main working outflow and processed ejector material, wherein the flow reactor is made in the form of a pipeline with at least one axial turbine mixer placed in it for activating chemical reactions, a nozzle apparatus for supplying predominantly neutral gas to the flow reactor in front of the axial turbine mixer is installed, the system the tightness control of the joints is made in the form of interconnected and filled with an inert medium, at least one annular chamber, covering controlled with connection, means of creating overpressure inert medium and instrumentation. 2. The ejector installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline of the flow reactor is equipped with at least one compensator for non-isothermal temperature stresses and thermal deformations, made in the form of a bellows insert located mainly at its end sections and / or in the middle part. 3. The ejector installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the annular chamber of the tightness control system of the joints is located at least at the junction of the ejector diffuser with the flow reactor and is formed by a recess in adjacent surfaces of the flange joints between the two O-rings. 4. The ejector installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressure supply system for the flow reactor of predominantly neutral gas is equipped with a fitting installed tangentially in front of the nozzle apparatus in the wall of the flow reactor, and the latter is made in the form of a turboexpander, with the turbine mixer has an output device made in the form of a blade wheel, and the turboexpander, axial turbine mixer and the blade wheel are sequentially located on a single shaft.

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