RU225932U1 - Hydrocyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for carrying out processes of separation and classification of suspensions and emulsions, in particular intended for purifying liquids from mechanical impurities under the influence of centrifugal forces. The hydrocyclone contains a cylindrical-conical body, in the cylindrical part of which there is an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, coaxial with the cylindrical part of the body, the conical part is equipped with a nozzle for the exit of the solid phase. Inside the housing there is a spiral channel communicated with the inlet pipe and formed by the inner surface of the housing wall, a spiral guide and the outer surface of the outlet pipe wall. The lower end part of the spiral guide is attached to the wall of the housing in its conical part. Along its outer diameter, the spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the inner surface of the hydrocyclone wall, and along its inner diameter, the spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the outer surface of the outlet pipe wall. Technical result: increasing the degree of purification of liquid from mechanical impurities. 7 salary f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to devices for carrying out processes of separation and classification of suspensions and emulsions, in particular, it is intended for purifying liquids from mechanical impurities under the influence of centrifugal forces. The utility model can be used in the chemical, mining, petrochemical, food industries and a number of other sectors of the national economy.

State of the art

A hydrocyclone is known, disclosed in the USSR author's certificate No. 893270 (publication date: 12/30/1981). The known hydrocyclone contains a cylindrical body with a tangential supply pipe, a sand nozzle and a drain pipe, and a spiral belt located in the conical part of the body, having a concentric passage. The drain pipe is equipped with a spiral, the outer diameter of which is located at a distance from the inner wall of the cylindrical part of the body equal to 0.1-0.25 of the radius of the hydrocyclone. The upper end of the spiral is fixed to the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body, and the lower end is attached to the drain pipe, installed with the possibility of axial movement.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low efficiency of separating the suspension into liquid and solid phases. This is due to the fact that in the cylindrical part of the housing there is a gap between the inner wall of the hydrocyclone housing and the spiral guide. The fluid flow, entering the area corresponding to the specified gap, will inevitably tend to dissipate, which will reduce the flow speed in this area and the centrifugal force of the flow.

A hydrocyclone is known, disclosed in the USSR author's certificate No. 1115809 (publication date: 09/30/1984). The known hydrocyclone contains a cylindrical-conical body with a supply pipe, a drain tube and a sand nozzle, and a spiral guide located across the entire width of the body. The body is equipped with an additional spiral tape placed under the spiral guide and forming a closed spiral channel with it, and a conical diaphragm in the form of petals, the edges of which are superimposed on each other in the direction of rotation of the flow. There are slots along the outer perimeter of the spiral guide, and the diaphragm blades are rigidly attached with their upper part to the sand nozzle and are equipped with a movable sleeve with a pressure ring.

A hydrocyclone is known for cleaning starch suspensions from sand, disclosed in the Russian Federation patent for invention No. 2046668 (publication date: 10.27.1995) - prototype. The known hydrocyclone contains a vertical hollow cylindrical body with a housing cover at the top, a feeding nozzle connected to the body in its upper part. The power nozzle is placed so that the fluid flow is directed tangentially to the vertical hollow body, the vertical drain outlet tube is placed coaxially with the body and is led upward through the housing cover, the tape guide spiral is placed in the annular space, attached at its origin to the drain tube between the power nozzle opening and the cover housing, and its end to the drain tube between the power nozzle opening and the sand nozzle.

A common disadvantage of the analogue according to the author's certificate No. 1115809 and the prototype is the low degree of purification of the liquid containing mechanical impurities, which is due to the accumulation of precipitated solid particles of these impurities on the inner surface of the wall of the conical part of the housing. In this case, the continuous flow of liquid entering the cyclone captures some of the particles accumulated on the walls and carries them out through the channel of the outlet pipe. Thus, the liquid passing through the hydrocyclone remains saturated with impurities.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical task underlying this utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result achieved by implementing this utility model is to increase the degree of purification of the liquid from mechanical impurities.

As a utility model, a hydrocyclone containing a cylindrical-conical body is claimed, in the cylindrical part of which there is an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, coaxial with the cylindrical part of the body, and the conical part is equipped with a nozzle for the exit of the solid phase, while inside the body there is a spiral channel connected to the inlet pipe and formed by the inner surface of the housing wall, the spiral guide and the outer surface of the outlet pipe wall. Unlike the prototype, the lower end part of the spiral guide is attached to the wall of the housing in its conical part.

Additional advantages and essential features of this utility model can be presented in the following particular embodiments.

In particular, the outlet pipe is located within the cylindrical part of the housing.

In particular, the height of the spiral channel exceeds the length of the outlet pipe.

In particular, the direction of the spiral channel coincides with the direction of liquid flow as it enters the hydrocyclone body.

In particular, along its outer diameter, the spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the inner surface of the hydrocyclone wall.

In particular, along its inner diameter, the spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the outer surface of the wall of the outlet pipe.

In particular, the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel within the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe.

In particular, the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel within the cylindrical portion of the hydrocyclone body is less than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe.

In particular, the length of the outlet pipe is at least twice the cross-sectional diameter of the inlet channel.

In particular, the spiral guide is made of abrasion-resistant material.

This utility model discloses a device, the component parts of which are mated or connected at the manufacturer. Preferably, the parts of the device are connected by permanent connections and mounted in the hydrocyclone housing. The device is supplied to the user assembled and does not require additional assembly or disassembly operations. The relative position of the component parts, their connections and matings lead to a complete independent device in which the components are deprived of a certain number of degrees of freedom. The exclusion of individual components from the design of the claimed device leads to loss of functionality and the possibility of being used for its intended purpose as a hydrocyclone. It follows from this that the utility model has structural and functional unity.

Analysis of information from the prior art showed that this utility model is characterized by essential features, the totality of which is unknown from the patent literature. This indicates that the utility model meets the “Novelty” patentability condition.

This utility model was created in accordance with the laws of nature and the knowledge of modern science about them. This indicates that the utility model complies with the patentability condition “Industrial applicability”.

Brief description of drawings

This utility model is illustrated with two figures:

fig. 1 illustrates a hydrocyclone in an isometric view;

fig. 2 illustrates the internal structure of a hydrocyclone;

fig. 3 illustrates an example of a hydrocyclone in which the spiral guide does not extend beyond the cylindrical part of the housing;

fig. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of a hydrocyclone in which a spiral guide passes through the cylindrical and conical portions of the hydrocyclone.

Implementation of a utility model

According to FIG. 1 hydrocyclone contains a cylindrical-conical body having a cylindrical part 1 and a conical part 2, in which the wall of the body converges at an angle towards the nozzle 3 to release the solid phase. The cylindrical part 1 communicates with the conical part 2. In particular, the cylindrical-conical body is a single piece. In particular, the cylindrical 1 and conical parts 2 are separate parts connected to each other by a hermetically sealed permanent connection, for example, by welding or soldering. The upper part of the cylindrical part 1 has a cover 4, which is a non-removable part of the housing. During operation, the hydrocyclone must be oriented so that the cylindrical part 1 of the housing is located above the conical part 2 of the housing. The hydrocyclone body can be made of metal, alloy, polymer or composite material. For example, polyurethane, stainless steel, aluminum, or a combination of these materials can be used as a material for the manufacture of the housing.

The cylindrical part 1 of the housing is equipped with an inlet pipe 5 and an outlet pipe 6.

The inlet pipe 5 is located in the upper part of the cylindrical part 1 of the housing and is intended for supplying contaminated liquid or suspension to clean them from mechanical impurities. The inlet pipe 5 may have a screw thread for connecting the hydrocyclone to the pipeline. In this case, the presence of a thread on the inlet pipe 5 is not necessary, since the hydrocyclone can be connected to the pipeline in another way. In particular, the longitudinal axis of the inlet pipe 5 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone body. In particular, the inlet pipe 5 may be inclined, i.e. be made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone body.

The outlet pipe 6 is installed in the cover 4 of the cylindrical part 1 of the housing, is made coaxial with the cylindrical part 1 of the housing and is intended for the outlet of purified liquid. The outlet pipe 6 may have a screw thread for connecting the hydrocyclone to the pipeline. In this case, the presence of a thread on the outlet pipe 6 is not necessary, since the hydrocyclone can be connected to the pipeline in another way.

According to FIG. 2, the outlet pipe 6 is located within the cylindrical part of the housing. In particular, the outlet pipe 6 does not cross the boundary between the cylindrical part 1 and the conical part 2 of the housing.

Inside the housing there is a spiral channel formed by the inner surface of the housing wall 7, the spiral guide 8 and the outer surface of the wall of the outlet pipe 6. The spiral channel passes through the cylindrical 1 and conical parts 2 of the housing. The spiral channel communicates with the inlet pipe 5 so that the fluid flow passing through the inlet pipe 5 enters the spiral channel. The direction of the spiral channel in this case coincides with the direction of the liquid flow when it enters the hydrocyclone body. In particular, the direction of fluid flow can be represented by a clockwise direction of movement. The spiral guide 8 is made in the form of a spiral tape, with the spiral turns being flattened. In particular, the spiral guide is made of abrasion-resistant material. For example, polyurethane can be used as such a material. In this case, any material capable of withstanding a high abrasive load can be used as the specified material.

Specifically, the first end portion of the spiral guide 8 is connected to the inlet pipe 5, and the end portion of the upper turn of the spiral guide can be attached to the bottom surface of the inlet pipe 5. Specifically, the first end portion of the spiral guide 8 is not necessarily connected to the inlet pipe 5, in this case, the end part of the upper turn of the spiral guide can be located below the level of the lower part of the inlet pipe 5.

According to their outer diameter, the turns of the spiral guide 8 are tightly adjacent to the inner surface of the wall 7 of the hydrocyclone body. According to their inner diameter, the turns of the spiral guide, located within the cylindrical part 1 of the housing, fit tightly to the outer wall of the outlet pipe 6. In particular, the turns of the spiral guide 8 are adjacent to the inner surface of the wall 7 of the housing and the outer surface of the wall of the outlet pipe 6 so that between There are no gaps between the turns and the indicated walls. In particular, the spiral guide 8 is connected to the outlet pipe 6 and the walls by a permanent connection. Depending on the material used to manufacture the hydrocyclone, this connection can be achieved by soldering, welding or continuous casting. In the latter case, the spiral guide 8 and the outlet pipe 6 are a single piece. The junction of the spiral guide turns to the walls of the outlet pipe and the hydrocyclone are impermeable to the flow of the medium. In other words, the medium flow cannot penetrate between the specified places and remains oriented in a spiral along the entire length of the spiral channel. This additionally allows you to increase the degree of purification of the liquid from the solid phase, because prevents liquid dispersion inside the spiral channel.

The second end part of the spiral guide 8 is attached to the inner surface of the housing wall in its conical part. In particular, the end part of the lower turn of the spiral guide is attached to the wall of the conical part of the housing near the solid phase exit nozzle. This allows you to maintain a high fluid flow rate and counteract its dispersion with the greatest efficiency, including in the lower part of the housing. The sign “close” in this context means that the distance between the point of attachment of the second end part of the spiral guide is less than the distance between the specified point of connection and the level of the transition of the cylindrical part of the housing to the conical one.

The axial pitch of the spiral guide 8 is variable and depends on the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel. The axial pitch of the spiral guide 8 is selected in such a way that the range of values for the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel S _sp is expressed by the following dependence

,

where S _pipe is the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe channel;

S _sp is the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel.

As a result, the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel within the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe 5 and is less than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe 5. The specified design of the spiral channel makes it possible to ensure its throughput at unit area at the same level as the throughput of the inlet pipe 5, and, other things being equal, ensure the maximum volume of liquid purification per unit of time. Moreover, if the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel exceeds the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe by 1.5 times, the fluid flow rate will significantly decrease, which will reduce the efficiency of solid-liquid phase separation.

The vertical height of the spiral guide 8 L _spiral exceeds the length of the outlet pipe 6 L _{of the outlet pipes} . The range of values of the length of the outlet pipe 6 L _{outlet pipes} is expressed by the following dependence

,

where d is the internal diameter of the inlet pipe opening.

As a result, the length of the outlet pipe 6 exceeds at least twice the cross-sectional diameter of the inlet pipe 5. Thanks to this design, the formation and balancing of the liquid flow is ensured when it initially enters the cylindrical part 1 of the hydrocyclone body.

The number of turns of the spiral guide 8 depends on its axial pitch and is not limited to a specific number. In particular, the spiral guide 8 may have at least 3 turns. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the spiral guide 8 has 5 turns.

Limitation of fluid flow dispersion is ensured by a spiral channel.

The nozzle for exiting the solid phase 3 may additionally contain a nozzle for ejecting sludge or a sludge container.

The claimed hydrocyclone works as follows.

The liquid to be purified is fed through the channel of the inlet pipe 5 into the cylindrical part 1 of the hydrocyclone body, where the flow of the liquid to be purified enters the spiral channel. This channel forms a directed tangential movement of the liquid and reduces the turbulence of the flow. Thanks to this, the tangential flow velocity is maintained at the maximum level. The liquid located throughout the internal space of the hydrocyclone rotates around its axis. Rotation is maintained by constant circulation of fluid through the hydrocyclone. The resulting centrifugal forces press dense mechanical impurities (solid phase, sludge) against the inner wall 7 of the hydrocyclone throughout the entire path of fluid movement.

When liquid moves in the area below the outlet pipe 6, the purified liquid is directed into the channel of the outlet pipe 6. The spiral guide 8 in the area below the outlet pipe 6 prevents the dispersion of the liquid flow, thereby preventing the mixing of already separated solid particles with the liquid being purified. Under the influence of gravity, the deposited solid particles are directed along the inner wall 7 of the hydrocyclone and the lower part of the spiral guide down towards the nozzle 3 to release the solid phase.

The proposed design of the hydrocyclone makes it possible to increase the degree of purification of the liquid (suspension) from mechanical impurities, while purified liquid is supplied from the outlet pipe of the hydrocyclone, and solid particles contained in the source liquid (solid phase of the suspension) are deposited in the direction of the nozzle for the exit of the solid phase.

The advantages of the claimed hydrocyclone are illustrated by the following example.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a hydrocyclone in which the spiral guide does not intersect the boundary of the cylindrical and conical parts of the housing. In a hydrocyclone with this design, the spiral channel acts as a flow dispersion limiter only in the cylindrical part of the body.

Around the axis of the hydrocyclone, the fluid flow, including the solid particles contained in it, moves with an angular velocity ω. In this case, the centrifugal force F _c is directed in the opposite direction from the center of rotation, the support reaction force N ₁ acts from the inner wall of the hydrocyclone, the force of gravity mg is directed downward. If we neglect the friction force, then these are all the forces acting on solid particles when the fluid flow moves through a spiral channel inside the hydrocyclone body.

The higher the fluid flow through the hydrocyclone, the higher its angular velocity ω, the higher the centrifugal force F _c and the higher the support reaction N ₁ . The direction of movement of the sludge relative to the X and Y axes depends on the direction of the projection of the resultant of all forces onto the corresponding axis F _x and F _y , which is expressed by the following dependencies

,

,

where F _x is the projection of the resultant of all forces on the x axis;

F _y - projection of the resultant of all forces onto the y axis;

ω - angular velocity of sludge movement;

F _c. - centrifugal force;

N ₁ - reaction of the support of the turns of the guide tape spiral in the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body;

mg is the force of gravity, where m is the mass of the sludge, g is the acceleration of free fall;

N _1у - projection of the reaction force of the support N ₁ on the Y axis;

N _1x - projection of the reaction force of support N ₁ onto the X axis.

The direction of movement of the sludge is directed upward with the following dependence

With this ratio, solid particles accumulate in the transition zone between the cylindrical and conical parts of the hydrocyclone body. Under such conditions, the flow of purified liquid has the ability to capture some of the accumulated solid particles at the inlet to the outlet pipe, which reduces the degree of purification of the liquid from mechanical impurities.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a hydrocyclone, in which a spiral guide passes through the cylindrical and conical parts of the body, i.e. such a hydrocyclone was obtained in accordance with the claimed utility model. In a hydrocyclone with this design, the spiral channel acts as a flow dispersion limiter in both the cylindrical and conical parts of the body.

The presence of a tape spiral guide in the conical part of the hydrocyclone body allows the reaction of support N ₂ to act on solid particles from the side of the lower wall of the spiral guide turns. The presence of force N ₂ leads to the following dependence

,

where F _y is the projection of the resultant of all forces on the Y axis;

N _1у - projection of the reaction force of the support N ₁ on the Y axis;

N ₂ - reaction of the support of the turns of the guide tape spiral in the conical part of the hydrocyclone body;

mg is the force of gravity, where m is the mass of deposited solid particles, g is the acceleration of gravity.

Based on this dependence, the projection of the resultant of all forces onto the y-axis F _y at any fluid flow rate will have a negative value.

Thus, the solids (sludge) separated from the liquid or suspension will always move downwards towards the solids exit nozzle both under the influence of gravity and under the action of the support reaction forces from the guide spiral in the tangential flow, which prevents it accumulation in all zones and reduces the possibility of its capture by the purified liquid as it moves into the outlet pipe.

Claims (8)

1. A hydrocyclone containing a cylindrical-conical body, in the cylindrical part of which there is an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, coaxial with the cylindrical part of the body, the conical part is equipped with a nozzle for the exit of the solid phase, while inside the body there is a spiral channel communicated with the inlet pipe and formed by the inner surface the housing wall, the spiral guide and the outer surface of the outlet pipe wall, wherein the lower end part of the spiral guide is attached to the housing wall in its conical part, and along its outer diameter the said spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the inner surface of the hydrocyclone wall, characterized in that along its inner diameter diameter of the specified spiral guide is tightly adjacent to the outer surface of the wall of the outlet pipe. 2. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe is located within the cylindrical part of the housing. 3. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the spiral channel exceeds the length of the outlet pipe. 4. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of the spiral channel coincides with the direction of liquid flow when it enters the hydrocyclone body. 5. A hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel within the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe. 6. A hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the spiral channel within the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone body is less than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe. 7. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the outlet pipe is at least twice the diameter of the cross-section of the inlet channel. 8. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral guide is made of an abrasion-resistant polymer material.