RU2257598C1 - Automatic system for alarm and ecological monitoring of region environment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: inspection and measurement systems; radiation monitoring of environment.

SUBSTANCE: system has stationary control desks, mobile control desks, feedforwards and feedbacks, central control desk. Each stationary control desk has detectors, data preliminary processing unit, coding unit, noise-resistant coding unit, receiver-transmitter, and control unit, feedforward and feedback channel. Each mobile control desk has detectors, data preliminary processing unit, coding unit, noise-resistant coding unit, receiver-transmitter, control unit, feedback and feedforward channel, unit for finding location. Each receiver-transmitter has master oscillator, phase manipulator, first mixer, first heterodyne, first intermediate frequency amplifier, first power amplifier, duplexer, receiving-transmitting aerial, second power amplifier, second mixer, second heterodyne, second intermediate frequency amplifier, multiplier, band-pass filter and phase detector. Two frequencies and complex phase-manipulated signals are used in the device.

EFFECT: improved noise immunity; improved truth of data exchange between control desks and dispatching desk.

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Description

The proposed system relates to the field of control and measuring systems and can be used in the design of emergency and environmental systems, in particular radiation, environmental monitoring of the region.

There are well-known systems for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region (RF patents Nos. 2138126, 2145120, 2150126, 2210095; E. Mikhia et al. Environmental radiation monitoring system. Atomic Engineering Abroad Magazine, Moscow, 1998, No. 11, p. .21-25, etc.).

Of the known systems, the closest to the proposed one is the "Automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region" (RF patent No. 220095, G 01 W 1/00, 2001), which is chosen as the base system.

The specified system provides increased maneuverability, the ability to determine the location of emergency and environmentally hazardous sources, the monitoring and operational replacement of a faulty stationary control post, the rapid assessment of emergency and environmental conditions for operational warning of danger, as well as protection against unauthorized access.

However, this system for the exchange of confidential information between control posts and a control center uses simple signals that do not provide high noise immunity and reliability of the transfer of confidential information.

An object of the invention is to increase the noise immunity and reliability of the exchange of confidential information between control posts and a control center by using two frequencies and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The problem is solved in that in an automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment, including stationary control posts with detectors for measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, mobile control posts with detectors, each of which includes a location unit, a central control panel, control units and transceivers of direct and feedback control posts with a central control panel, each of which is stationary and mobile The monitoring station additionally contains an information pre-processing unit, to which data of measurements of parameters and environmental characteristics are transmitted from sensors of stationary and mobile control posts, and information from the preliminary processing unit is sent to the control unit of the corresponding control post, then to the encryption unit from unauthorized access, and then through the noise-resistant coding unit to the transceiver, the information from which is fed to the central control panel, each and the transmitter is made in the form of a serially connected master oscillator, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the noise-resistant coding unit, the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, the amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, the first power amplifier, duplexer, the input-output of which is connected with a transceiver antenna, a second power amplifier, a second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, the second intermediate amplifier pilots at, multiplier, a second input coupled to an output of the first local oscillator, a bandpass filter and a phase detector, a second input coupled to an output of the second oscillator, and the output is the output of the transceiver, wherein each of the stationary and mobile checkpoints emits complex signals with a phase shift keying in the frequency

where w _up1 is the first intermediate frequency;

w _Г2 - frequency of the second local oscillator, and takes - at a frequency

where w _Г1 is the frequency of the first local oscillator, and the central control panel, on the contrary, emits complex signals with phase shift keying at the frequency w ₂ , and receives at frequency w ₁ , the local oscillator frequencies are spaced by the value of the second intermediate frequency

The structural diagram of the system is presented in figure 1. The structural diagram of a stationary control post is depicted in figure 2. The structural diagram of the mobile control post is shown in Fig.3. The structural diagram of the transceiver located at each stationary and mobile control post is depicted in figure 4. The structural diagram of the transceiver located on the Central control panel, shown in Fig.3. A frequency diagram explaining the process of converting signals by frequency is shown in FIG. 6. Timing diagrams explaining the principle of operation of the transceiver are shown in FIG. 7.

The system contains stationary control posts 1 (C ₁ , ... C _n ), mobile control posts 2 (M ₁ , ... M _m ), direct and feedback 3, central control panel 4.

Each stationary control station contains detectors D ₁ -D _k , information preprocessing unit 5.i, encryption unit 6.i, error-correcting encoding unit 7.i, transceiver 8.i, control unit 9.i, direct channel 10.i and feedback (i = 1, ... n).

Each mobile control post contains detectors D ₁ -D _k , information preprocessing unit 5.j, encryption unit 6.j, error-correcting encoding unit 7.j, transceiver 8.j, control unit 9.j, direct channel 10.j and feedback, block MP location (j = 1, ... m).

Each transceiver is made in the form of serially connected master oscillator 11 (11.1), phase manipulator 12 (12.1), the second input of which is connected to the output of the noise-resistant coding unit 7 (7.1), the first mixer 13 (13.1), the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 14 (14.1), an amplifier 15 (15.1) of the first intermediate frequency, a first power amplifier 16 (16.1), a duplexer 17 (17.1), the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 18 (18.1) of the second power amplifier 19 (19.1), the second mixer 20 (20.1), the second input of which is connected with the output of the second local oscillator 21 (21.1), an amplifier 22 (22.1) of the second intermediate frequency, a multiplier 23 (23.1), the second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 13 (13.1), a bandpass filter 24 (24.1) and a phase detector 25 (25.1) , the second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 21 (21.1), and the output is the output of the transceiver 8 (8.1).

The system operates as follows.

Each stationary and mobile control post consists of detectors D ₁ -D _k measuring the state of the environment (gamma radiation level, temperature, etc.), from the outputs of which data are fed to the inputs of block 5.1 of preliminary processing of information about this state of the environment. In this block, according to the program recorded in control block 9.1, the integral parameters of the medium are determined (average values for a given measurement period, trend, etc.), the amount of information transmitted to the communication channel is reduced, the pre-emergency or emergency situation is determined, and the data of the previous ones are accumulated and stored measurements, etc. For example, a gamma-ray spectrometric detector measures the number and energy of gamma quanta that have entered its sensor during the measurement, for example, in 1 hour. This data from the output of the detector block is fed to the input of the preliminary information processing block 5.1, where the obtained energy "spectrum" of the distribution determines, for example, the excess of the radiation level of various radionuclides in the medium over a threshold level, for example, an emergency level.

If such an excess of level has occurred, then control unit 9.1, according to the internal program, goes into pre-emergency (or emergency) operation mode, makes emergency contact with the central control panel 4 and (if necessary) notifies personnel.

If the communication channel is busy or faulty, then information is stored in the storage device and re-connected.

The pre-processed - compressed (due to the reduction of redundancy or low information content) information is transmitted to the communication channel 10.1. For example, you can significantly reduce the amount of information transmitted over the communication channel using the fast Fourier transform of the resulting spectrum. Accordingly, almost the same number of times it becomes possible to increase the number of control posts working in this channel. In a number of cases, it is sufficient to transmit integral (averaged over many measurements) values of the monitored environmental parameter, for example, the background radiation level or exceeding the emergency level threshold. The performance of this function by block 5.1 of the preliminary processing of information also leads to a significant reduction in the amount of information transmitted. The output of this block is connected to the input of the encryption block 6.1, which provides, for example, cryptographic encryption of information from unauthorized access. In this case, the system is protected from terrorists, hackers or anyone who does not have the right to receive, convert or enter distorted information if the secret keys have not been compromised. The output of the latter is connected to the input of the error-correcting coding block 7.1, which ensures the detection and correction of errors in reception in the central control panel. Errors can occur due to interference and noise in the communication channel and / or in the receiving equipment. Its output is connected to the input of the transceiver 8.1, the output of which is connected to the input of the communication channel. The control inputs of all these units are connected to the outputs of the control unit 9.1, which determines the mode of their operation according to the internal program or commands transmitted from the central control panel (control center).

When you turn on the master oscillator 11.1, the latter generates harmonic oscillation (Fig.7, a)

where U _c1 , w _c , φ _c1 , T _c1 - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the oscillation;

which is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 12.1, to the second input of which a modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 7.6) is supplied from the output of the noise-immunity coding unit 7.1. At the output of the phase manipulator 12.1, a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK) is generated (Fig. 7, c)

where φ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 7,6), while φ _k1 (t) = const at kτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = kτ _e , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (k = 1,2, ..., N-1);

τ _e , N - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal of duration T _s1 (T _c1 = N · τ _e );

which goes to the first input of the mixer 13.1, the second input of which is the voltage of the local oscillator 14.1

At the output of the mixer 13.1, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 15.1 distinguishes the voltage of the first intermediate (total) frequency

Where

To ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

w _up1 = w _c + w _G1 - the first intermediate frequency (Fig.6);

φ _up1 = φ _c1 + φ _G1 .

This voltage after amplification in the power amplifier 16.1 through the duplexer 17.1 is radiated by the transceiver antenna 18.1 on the air at a frequency w ₁ = w _up1 , it is captured by the transceiver antenna 18 of the central control panel (dispatch center) and through the power amplifier 19 it goes to the first input of the mixer 20. To the second the input of the mixer 20 is supplied with a voltage u _Г1 (t) of the local oscillator 21. At the output of the mixer 20, voltage of combination frequencies is generated. The amplifier 22 is allocated the voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency

Where

w _up2 = w _up1 + w _G1 - the second intermediate frequency;

φ _up2 = φ _up1 -φ _G1 .

which is fed to the first input of the multiplier 23. The voltage of the local oscillator 14 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 23.

The output of the multiplier 23 is formed voltage (Fig.7, g)

Where

K ₂ is the transfer coefficient of the multiplier, which is allocated by the band-pass filter 24 and fed to the information input of the phase detector 25. The voltage u _Г1 (t) of the local oscillator 21 is applied to the reference input of the latter. A low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 25 (Fig. 7, d)

Where

K ₃ is the transfer coefficient of the phase detector;

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig.7, b). This voltage enters the recording and analysis unit.

On the Central control panel 4 using the master oscillator 11, a harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig.7, e)

which is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 12, to the second input of which a modulating code M ₂ (t) is supplied (Fig. 7, g) from the output of the noise-resistant coding unit 7. The modulating code M ₂ (t) may contain request signals, commands to turn control posts on and off, etc. At the output of the phase manipulator 12, a complex QPSK signal is generated (Fig. 7, h)

which is supplied to the first input of the mixer 13, the voltage u _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 14 is supplied to the second input. At the output of the mixer 13, the frequencies of the combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 15 is allocated voltage differential frequency

Where

w ₂ = w _G2 -w _s

φ _up3 = φ _Г2 -φ _s

This voltage after amplification in the power amplifier 16 through the duplexer 17 enters the transceiver antenna 18, is radiated by it at a frequency w ₂ , is captured by the transceiver antenna 18.1, and through the duplexer 17.1 and the power amplifier 19.1 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 20.1. The second input of the latter is supplied with voltage u _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 21.1. At the output of the mixer 20.1, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 22.1 distinguishes the voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency

Where

w _up2 = w _Г2 -w ₂ - second intermediate frequency;

φ _up4 = φ _Г2 + φ _p3 ,

which is fed to the first input of the multiplier 23.1, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage u _Г1 (t) of the local oscillator 14.1. At the output of the multiplier 23.1 a voltage is generated (Fig. 7, and)

Where

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 24.1 and fed to the information input of the phase detector 25.1. The voltage input U _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 21.1 is supplied to the reference input of the latter. At the output of the phase detector 25.1, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 7, k)

Where

proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t) (Fig.7, g).

In this case, the frequencies w _Г1 and w _{Г2 of the} local oscillators 14.1 (21) and 21.1 (14) are spaced at the second intermediate frequency.

Each stationary and mobile control post emits complex QPSK signals at a frequency

but takes on the frequency

The central control panel (dispatch center), on the contrary, emits complex PSK signals at a frequency of w ₂ , and receives - at a frequency of w ₁ .

Thus, the proposed system in comparison with the base system provides increased noise immunity and the reliability of the appearance of confidential information between control posts and the control center. This is achieved by using two frequencies w ₁ and w ₂ , and complex PSK signals.

At the same time, the protection of confidential information has three levels: cryptographic, energy, and structural.

The cryptographic level is provided by special methods of encrypting, encoding and converting confidential information, as a result of which its content becomes inaccessible without presenting the cryptogram key and reverse transformation.

The energy and structural levels are provided by the use of complex QPSK signals, which have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time or in the spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, the complex signal used at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex signal is by no means small, it is simply evenly distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point in this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex QPSK signals open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting confidential messages and protecting them from unauthorized access. These signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to distinguish complex QPSK signals from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals. This feature is realized by convolution of the spectrum of complex PSK signals.

Claims (1)

An automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, including stationary control posts with detectors for measuring environmental parameters and characteristics, mobile control posts with detectors, each of which includes a positioning unit, a central control panel, control units and direct and feedback transceivers control posts with a central control point, with each of the stationary and mobile control posts additionally contains an information preprocessing unit, into which data of measurements of parameters and environmental characteristics are transmitted from sensors of stationary and mobile control posts, and from an information preprocessing unit it enters the control unit of the corresponding control post, then to the encryption block from unauthorized access and then through the noise-immunity block encoding to the transceiver, the information from which is fed to the central control panel, characterized in that each transceiver the sensor is made in the form of series-connected master oscillator, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the noise-resistant coding unit, the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, the amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, the first power amplifier, duplexer, the input-output of which is connected with a transceiver antenna, a second power amplifier, a second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, an amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, p remnozhitelya, a second input coupled to an output of the first local oscillator, a bandpass filter and a phase detector, a second input coupled to an output of the second oscillator, and the output is the output of the transceiver, wherein each of the stationary and mobile checkpoints complex emits signals at a frequency phase shift keying w ₁ = w _up1 = w _G2 , where w _up1 is the first intermediate frequency; w _G2 - the frequency of the second local oscillator, but takes on the frequency w ₂ = w _G1 , where w _G1 - the frequency of the first local oscillator, and the central control panel, on the contrary, emits complex signals with phase shift keying at the frequency w ₂ , and receives at the frequency w ₁ , the local oscillator frequencies are spaced by the value of the second intermediate frequency w = w _{r1 r2} = w _up2.

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