RU225562U1 - RAIL FASTENING DEVICE CONTAINING A SUPPORT BLOCK FOR THE RAIL TRACK - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the design of the superstructure of a railway track and can be used for placement and fastening of rails during the construction and repair of subway tracks, urban surface rail transport and ballastless railway tracks. The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a rail fastening device containing a support block for the rail track that reduces noise and vibration. The rail fastening device contains a support block for a rail track with a quadrangular cross section and a separate rail fastening unit, which includes two anchors, two insulators, two spring terminals, a rail pad, vibration-isolating liners, the support block for the rail track has a flat base, side edges, end faces and an upper support platform, wherein the upper support platform is made in the form of a parallel base of the first section on which the elements for fixing the contact rail bracket are located, and a second section made with a slope to the nearest end of the specified block in relation to the flat base and equipped with a recess in the rail installation location, which is configured to accommodate vibration-isolating liners, and along the line of contact of the sections, the height of the first section is less than the height of the second section. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the design of the superstructure of a railway track and can be used for placement and fastening of rails during the construction and repair of subway tracks, urban surface rail transport and ballastless railway tracks.

With increasing requirements for the quality of transportation, the problem of rational choice of a rail base design arises, which would have a set of characteristics that meet modern requirements for noise, vibration, strength and reliability, and would be economically profitable in production and operation.

There are known wooden sleepers, widely used as the under-rail base of subway tracks, which have a number of positive qualities, namely, they provide good noise absorption, mild vibration transmission and have low electrical conductivity [1].

However, due to the high humidity in the tunnels, wooden sleepers, despite extensive antiseptic treatment, are subject to rotting and their service life does not exceed 15-20 years. In addition, wood is flammable and has low fire resistance. Due to dynamic impacts during operation (train traffic every 2-3 minutes for 20 hours a day), cracks quickly appear in the places where the rails are attached to the sleepers and problems with fastening arise. It is also necessary to take into account the environmental damage caused by both deforestation and enterprises impregnating wooden sleepers with antiseptics.

Concrete sleepers are also known, which have high strength and durability compared to wooden sleepers [2]. However, their use leads to increased rigidity of the railway track structure, increased noise and vibration, which especially negatively affects the design of tunnel structures.

The operating loads on subway tracks (as well as on tram tracks) are lower than the loads on general purpose railway tracks, therefore, when laying a railway track in the subway or when constructing rail tracks for construction cranes, half sleepers are used, which have a number of advantages over sleepers. In particular, their length is approximately half the length of a regular sleeper, therefore, the cost of a half sleeper is much lower. The second important advantage of a half sleeper compared to a standard reinforced concrete sleeper is its weight, which allows you to replace half sleepers when replacing a railway track or carry out other technological work with the least time and labor costs. Taking into account the fact that the operational axial loads on subway tracks, as well as tram tracks, are lower than the loads on general purpose railway tracks, the prospects for the mass use of reinforced concrete sleepers or similar products for the construction of metro and tram lines seem justified.

However, the use of semi-sleepers made of reinforced concrete of a standard design when laying a subway track leads to increased noise and vibration.

Recently, under-rail bases made of various thermoplastic composite materials have been widely used, the use of which leads to a reduction in noise and vibration [3]. However, a significant drawback is their high cost.

Designs of reinforced concrete sleepers are also known, in which the reinforced concrete sleeper is placed in covers made of thermoplastic composite materials. These half-sleeper covers for the subway are made of polyurethane with a Shore A hardness of 60 units to 100 units and contain in their design a bottom, two walls connected to each other, which form a hollow and open shell at the top [4].

There is known a block having a top, a bottom and a peripheral wall, adapted for fastening one or more rails on top of the said block, and installed in a prefabricated elastic element, as well as a railway system including one or more rails attached to the said support block [5 ].

The use of the cover [4] or block [5] described above helps dampen vibrations during the movement of rolling stock and reduce noise, but has a number of disadvantages, such as complexity of manufacture, high cost, and inconvenience of maintenance.

There is an urgent need for new durable structures of the railway track superstructure, easy to use and low cost.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a rail fastening device containing a support block for the rail track that reduces noise and vibration.

The technical problem is solved by a rail fastening device containing a support block and a separate rail fastening unit. The separate rail fastening unit includes two anchors, two insulators, two spring terminals, a rail pad, and vibration-isolating liners. The support block for the rail track has a flat base, side faces, end faces and an upper support platform. The upper support platform is made in the form of a first section parallel to the base, on which the elements for fixing the contact rail bracket are located, and a second section, made with a slope to the nearest end of the specified block in relation to the base and equipped with a recess at the installation site of the rail, which is designed to accommodate vibration-isolating liners, and along the line of contact between the sections, the height of the first section is less than the height of the second section.

In particular cases of the rail fastening device, the support block includes side faces with a solid flat surface or with recesses made on them and end faces with a solid flat surface or with recesses made on their surfaces and is made of composite material or reinforced concrete. The reinforcement is made of metal wire, or metal rods, or metal ropes.

In another particular case of a rail fastening device, the under-rail spacer is made of an elastomeric composite material.

The utility model is illustrated by the following figures.

Fig. 1 - general view of the support block with a recess for installing a set of vibration-isolating liners.

Fig. 2 - sectional view of the rail fastening device;

The following notations are used in the figures:

1 - support block (with horizontal and inclined parts and a recess on the inclined part);

2 - flat base;

3 - side faces;

4 - notch;

5 - end faces;

6 - upper support platform;

7 - recess for placing a set of vibration-isolating inserts;

8 - set of vibration-isolating liners;

9 - anchor;

10 - anchor shank;

11 - anchor head;

12 - insulator;

13 - spring terminal;

14 - under-rail gasket;

15 - first section of the upper support platform;

16 - places for fixing elements of the contact rail bracket;

17 - second section of the upper support platform;

18 - line of contact of the first and second sections of the upper support platform;

19 - rail.

The support block (1) for the rail track (Fig. 1) has a flat base (2), side faces (3), end faces (5) and an upper support platform (6). The upper support platform (6) is made in the form of a first section (15) parallel to the base, on which there are places for fixing elements (16) of the contact rail bracket, and a second section (17), made with a slope to the nearest end of the support block in relation to the flat base (2) and equipped with a recess (7) at the installation site of the rail, which is configured to accommodate vibration-isolating liners (8), and along the line of contact of the sections, the height of the first section is less than the height of the second section.

The support block (1) for a rail track can have side faces (3) with a solid flat surface or with recesses made on them (4), end faces (5) with a solid flat surface or with recesses made on them (not shown in Fig. ).

The rail fastening device (Fig. 2) contains a support block (1) for the rail track and a separate rail fastening unit. The separate rail fastening unit includes two anchors (9), each of which consists of a shank (10) and a head (11), two insulators (12), two spring terminals (13), a rail pad (14), vibration-isolating liners (8) .

The manufacture and installation of the support block is carried out as follows.

The support block (1) is made of concrete. When making a block of concrete, reinforcement is carried out with metal wire, or metal rods, or metal ropes.

Two anchors (9) are monolithically built into the support block at a distance from each other, approximately corresponding to the width of the rail base, so that their shanks (10) are completely inside the specified block, and their heads (11) protrude above the upper support platform (6) . Instead of anchors, other known fastening elements can be used, for example, anchor bolts or dowel screws.

The support block (1) is installed on the base prepared for laying the rail track. In the space between the anchors (9) there is an under-rail spacer (14), on which the rail base (19) is installed. Then, two insulators (12) are installed on both sides of the rail so that the inner surface of the insulator support section (12) is located on the rail foot flange (19), and the side stop of the insulator (12) is in contact with the side surface of the rail foot (19). Then the legs of the spring terminal (13) are inserted into the seats available on the head (11) of the anchor (9), the spring terminal (13) is moved to the working position and presses the rail to the support block (1).

In the support block (Fig. 1), on the upper support platform there are recesses (7), in which vibration-isolating liners (8) are placed before installing the rail (19). In each specific case of rail installation, the set of vibration-isolating inserts (8) can be different and depend on the purpose and requirements. The use of vibration-isolating liners (8) makes it possible to dampen the vibrations that occur during the passage of a railway train, which is especially important in the subway and various tunnel structures, as well as to ensure the necessary rigidity of the support block and the associated vertical deflection of the rail (19).

In the support block (Fig. 1) there are places for fixing elements for the contact rail bracket (16). A contact rail is a rigid contact wire designed to make sliding contact with the pantograph of rolling stock. The main advantage of the contact rail is reliable current collection when in contact with pantographs of motor cars or electric locomotives located on the running parts of wheeled bogies. Oscillation of the current collectors and their separation from the contact rail are also eliminated, and, consequently, contact disruption and breaking of the current circuit, sparking and arcing that destroy the contact surfaces.

The main area of application of contact rails is underground railway transport, in particular the subway. Less commonly, this technological solution is used on open lines.

The use of a support block makes it possible to provide a lower cost compared to analogues, to use them in the subway, on overpasses and on tram tracks, and reduces noise and vibration. The rail fastening device does not require expensive maintenance costs and allows the use of the SB-3 rail fastening, which is widely used in the territories of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation.

By improving the design of the support block (1), the possibility of its use for the construction of rail transport lines, including the subway, is achieved.

It is obvious to specialists that the utility model is not limited to the described embodiment and allows for various changes, modifications and replacements that do not go beyond its scope defined by the formula of the utility model.

Information sources

1. Wooden sleepers for the subway. GOST 22830-77.

2. Reinforced concrete sleepers. STB 1081-97.

3. Composite sleepers. TU 5864-002-45087 990 00.

4. Utility model patent RU 206763, publication date 09.28.2021.

5. Eurasian patent EA 014736, publication date 02/28/2012.

Claims (7)

1. A rail fastening device containing a support block for a rail track with a quadrangular cross-section and a separate rail fastening unit, which includes two anchors, two insulators, two spring terminals, a rail pad, vibration-isolating liners, the support block for the rail track has a flat base, side faces, end faces and an upper support platform, wherein the upper support platform is made in the form of a first section parallel to the base, on which the elements for fixing the contact rail bracket are located, and a second section, made with a slope to the nearest end of the specified block in relation to the flat base and equipped with a recess at the installation site of the rail, which is configured to accommodate vibration-isolating liners, and along the line of contact of the sections, the height of the first section is less than the height of the second section. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block for the rail track has side faces with a continuous flat surface. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block for the rail track has side edges with recesses made on them. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block for the rail track has end faces with a continuous flat surface. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block for the rail track has end faces with recesses made on their surfaces. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block for the rail track is made of reinforced concrete. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement is made of metal wire, or metal rods, or metal ropes.