RU2252980C1 - Hydrogen-oxygen mixture generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrochemical industrial technologies.

SUBSTANCE: generator of hydrogen-oxygen mixture has at least one cylinder with cooling shirt, self-driving inlet, outlet valves, piston and cylinder head, forming a closed cylinder volume, connecting rod gear, connected to drive. Device for feeding electrolyte into electrolytic tank is made in form of high pressure pump, connected to connecting rod gear, and sprayer, made with special piece in form of local narrowing portion of channel. Cylinder is provided with inlet pipeline, connected to electrolytic tank, made in hermetic body with cooling shirt and with cutter in outlet branch pipe, with possible feed of power to its electrodes from constant power source with possible free passage through it of electrolyte solution and with possible feeding of received gas mixture into inlet pipeline.

EFFECT: higher personnel safety, higher productiveness.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technology for electrochemical production, and in particular to devices for electrolysis of water, and can be used to produce environmentally friendly fuel.

Known used for electrochemical decomposition of water, an electrolyzer containing a cylindrical body-anode, a hollow cathode mounted coaxially with the body, a pipe for introducing electrolyte and a pipe with a cut-off for gas outlet and a direct current source.

/ Russian Patent No. 2034934, С 25 В 9/00, 1/02, 1995 / [1].

A disadvantage of the known electrolyzer is low productivity and low safety in operation.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a high-pressure cell for the production of explosive gas. It contains a cylindrical body, divided by a check valve into the electrode and gas storage parts, where the electrode part is configured to supply power from a direct current source to its electrodes, and gas storage - with the possibility of gas removal under pressure.

/ A.s. USSR No. 1011730, C 25 V 1/12, 1983 / [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity and high risk of explosion due to the presence in the device of the need to accumulate gas to a high working pressure.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the productivity and safety of the generator in operation.

The problem is solved in that the generator of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture containing an electrolyzer configured to supply power from a direct current source, for example from a battery, to its electrodes, according to the invention contains at least one cylinder with a cooling jacket, for example, a liquid cylinder or water antifreeze, piston and cylinder head forming a closed cylinder volume, self-acting inlet and outlet valves, crank mechanism associated with the drive, for example with an electric motor, and device for supplying an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, for example an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, which is made in the form of a high-pressure pump, for example a plunger, kinematically or through a control unit connected to a crank mechanism, and is equipped with a nozzle, which may have a cavitator made in the form of a local narrowing of the channel . In this case, the cylinder is connected by an exhaust pipe to an electrolyzer placed in an airtight housing with a cooling jacket, for example, liquid — water or antifreeze, which can be shared with a cylinder mounted on a generator separately for each cylinder, made with the possibility of free passage through it of an aqueous electrolyte solution and with the possibility of supplying the resulting gas mixture to the inlet pipe and equipped with an outlet pipe with a shutoff, for example, in the form of a check valve. The electrolyzer can be in the form of two cylindrical half-electrode electrodes, concentric with their hollow elements and with a gap that fit into each other, in which either holes are made if they are from sheet metal, for example nickel, or which are made of metal mesh, for example nickel.

The invention is shown in the drawing.

Figure 1 - schematic section of a generator.

Figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view along arrow B in figure 1.

Figure 4 is a schematic section of a nozzle in the part of the cavitator.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution.

The hydrogen-oxygen mixture generator contains at least one cylinder 1 / Fig. 1-3/ with a cooling jacket 2, self-acting inlet 3 and exhaust 4 valves, a piston 5 and cylinder head 6, forming a closed cylinder volume 7, a crank mechanism 8 associated with the drive 9, for example an electric motor. The cylinder inlet pipe 10 is in communication with the electrolyzer 11, placed in a sealed housing 12 with a cooling jacket 13, for example, common with the cylinder, which is capable of supplying power from a DC source 14 to its electrodes, for example from a battery, separately for each cylinder mounted on the generator . The cell is made with the possibility of free passage through it of an aqueous solution of the electrolyte and the resulting gas mixture, for which it can be made either of sheet metal, for example nickel with holes 15, or of a metal grid, for example nickel, in the form of two half-electrode electrodes 16 and 17 cylindrical in shape, their hollow elements 18 with a gap 19 fit into each other. Semi-block electrodes with dielectric gasket 20 are insulated from each other. The electrolyzer for supplying the obtained gas mixture to the inlet pipe is equipped with an outlet pipe 21 with a shutoff valve 22, for example, in the form of a check valve. A device for supplying an aqueous electrolyte solution, made in the form of a high-pressure pump 23, for example, a plunger, kinematically or through a control unit connected to a crank mechanism, and a nozzle 24 having a cavitator 25 / Fig. 4/ in the form of a local narrowing 26 of a channel 27 with a cavitation zone 28. Electrolyte tank 29, drainage 30, cutter 31 / water seal / and consumer 32, for example, a combustion chamber of a boiler plant.

The generator of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture operates as follows.

Before starting, the electrolyte tank 29 (Fig. 1-3) is charged with an aqueous electrolyte solution, for example, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and the half-blocks electrodes 16 and 17 of the electrolysis cell 11 are supplied with power from a direct current source 14, for example, from a battery. The drive 9 is connected, connected with a crank mechanism 8. The piston 5 in the cylinder 1 from TDC moves to the BDC. Self-acting valves: exhaust 4 closed, intake 3 open. In a closed volume 7 of cylinder 1 with a cooling jacket 2, a vacuum is created. The hydrogen-oxygen mixture formed in the electrolyzer 11 through the outlet pipe 21 with the shut-off device 22 and through the inlet pipe 10 with the self-acting inlet valve 3 is sucked into the working volume of the cylinder 1, which creates a vacuum in a sealed housing 12 for each cylinder 1 with a cooling jacket 13 of the electrolyzer 11 At the same time, the high-pressure pump 23, connected with the crank mechanism 8, takes from the electrolyte tank 29 a cyclic dose of an aqueous electrolyte solution and under pressure, for example 2 MPa / 20 atm /, black 3 injects the nozzle 24 into the electrolyzer 11. In the cavitator 25 (Fig. 4/) of the nozzle 24, in the local narrowing 26 of the channel 27, the speed of the injected aqueous electrolyte solution increases sharply, and the pressure drops to a critical value, and the collapse of 28 bubbles formed in the cavitation zone leads to the finest atomization of an aqueous electrolyte solution and dissociation-decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, which increases the productivity of the device. A finely atomized aqueous electrolyte solution, either through holes 15 and gaps 19 between hollow elements 18, or through cylindrical mesh semi-blocks 16 and 17, freely passes in the forward and reverse directions and contacts the surface of the electrolyzer 11. And when direct current flows from the source 14 through an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, electrolysis is the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Further, in the cylinder 1, the piston 5 moves from HMT to TDC. Self-acting valves: inlet 3 is closed, outlet 4 is open, and the gas mixture from the cylinder 1 is supplied to the consumer 32 through the shut-off valve 31 / hydraulic lock / piston 5, for example, into the combustion chamber of the boiler plant, and the cycles are repeated. During explosions, reverse shocks in the cylinder, the shut-off device 22 in the outlet pipe 21 of the electrolysis cell 11 is activated, and the explosion energy is extinguished in the cylinder 1 due to the movement of the piston 5, which ensures high safety in operation. If necessary, the cell is washed or purged through the drain 30, for example with preventive care. The cylinder 1, the cylinder head 6 and the electrolytic cell 11 are cooled in operation, for example, by a common cooling jacket 2 and 13, for example, liquid — water or antifreeze.

The proposed generator of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture in operation is highly productive and safe; it will find wide application in the production of thermal energy for domestic needs.

Claims (3)

1. A generator of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture containing an electrolyzer configured to supply power from a direct current source to its electrodes, characterized in that the generator comprises at least one cylinder with a cooling jacket, a piston and a cylinder head forming a closed cylinder volume, self-acting inlet and outlet valves, a crank mechanism associated with the actuator, and a device for supplying an aqueous solution of electrolyte, while the cylinder inlet pipe is in communication with the electrolyzer placed in an airtight housing with a cooling jacket installed separately for each cylinder on the generator, made with the possibility of free passage through it of an aqueous solution of electrolyte and with the possibility of feeding the resulting gas mixture into the inlet pipe and equipped with an outlet pipe with a cutoff, the device for supplying an aqueous electrolyte solution is made in the form high pressure pump, kinematically or through a control unit associated with a crank mechanism, and is equipped with a nozzle. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzer has the form of two cylindrical half-electrodes concentrically and with a gap that fit into each other, in which either holes are made or that are made of a metal mesh. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle has a cavitator made in the form of a local narrowing of the channel.

Images