RU2244654C1 - Trailer train dump semitrailer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in large-size heavy-weight trailer-trains. Proposed dump semitrailer contains frame with two longitudinal beams made of H-channels and turnable body resting on frame. Dump semitrailer is furnished with spring locking devices installed over middle and rear axles of wheels from inner and outer sides of left-hand and right-hand channels and they contains, each, two disks secured in pairs on turnable shaft passed through channel and are provided with shaped cut with locking section and cylindrical rod with fitted-on bushings arranged in shaped cut of disks and elongated slots of channel. Said cylindrical rod is connected with wheel axles through two posts hinge-connected with clamps. Locking device control hydraulic drive contains hydraulic distributor and hydraulic cylinder with connected with disks of locking devices arranged over middle axles of wheels, and is connected through tie-rod with disks over rear axles of wheels.

EFFECT: improved stability and safety at unloading of large-size heavy-weight dump semitrailers, preservation of maneuverability of vehicles, improved convenience and increased speed of unloading.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles and can be used to equip large-sized heavy trucks.

Known support stands for vehicles of both domestic and foreign development. Such support stands can be manually extended or with hydraulic cylinders and are designed for vehicles with a variable center of gravity of the load during operation, mainly for hoisting cranes (see, for example, Construction and Road Machines magazine, No. 10.1988 g ., p. 11, Fig. 1.2, which describes the MKS-4531 hydraulic manipulator developed by the Balashikhinsky factory of automobile cranes, or Pat. GB No. 2058693 A, MKI B 60 S 9/00, published in 1981). The use of support legs increases the stability of the position and prevents the semitrailer from tipping over.

However, the low location of the support racks leads to a limitation of mobility, for example, when moving vehicles over rough terrain. The use of mechanisms for the transfer of support columns alternately in the transport and working position complicates the device, increases the cost and reduces the reliability (see US Pat. RU No. 2111610, 1998).

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is a dump truck semitrailer containing a frame resting on the axle of the wheels through springs and made with two longitudinal beams in the form of I-beam channels, and a body mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation when unloading (see. “Catalog for spare parts ”, published by“ LAG ”company, Belgium, chassis number with engine YB4K113579801501, vehicle KO11-3V1R, customer CARGOTRANGS Moscow, KATALOGNUMMER KO / 001, dated 06.04.99, semitrailer).

However, in heavy-duty, large-sized road trains, funds are not provided that exclude the danger of a body falling with cargo during unloading, which can occur even at a special site, subject to unloading regulations. The main reason for this is the non-uniformity of the freezing of the cargo from the body, which leads to a sharp shift in the center of gravity of the raised body with the load to one of the sides with simultaneous spring upset from the same side, resulting in a sharp roll of the body in the same direction and loss of stability, resulting in to the accident. Failure to comply with the unloading regulations is an additional reason for the fall, as evidenced by the accident. These circumstances lead to the failure of expensive equipment, and most importantly - to injuries to drivers.

The use of support racks in heavy-duty road trains does not exclude the disadvantages present in the above counterparts. In addition to this, a semi-trailer for a freight train equipped with support racks loses the necessary mobility of the body during unloading, which leads to a deterioration in amenities and an increase in unloading time. In addition, the current regulations on the limitation of the size of rolling stock lead to an additional problem of placing support racks on a road train.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the stability of the semitrailer-dump truck during unloading, eliminating the risk of emergency situations while maintaining the mobility of the semitrailer, improving ease of use, increasing the speed of unloading and increasing the reliability of road trains.

The solution to this problem is achieved due to the fact that a semi-trailer dump truck for a freight road train is proposed, containing a frame resting on the axle of the wheels through springs and made with two longitudinal beams in the form of I-beam channels, and a body mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation when unloading, which according to the invention is equipped with locking devices for springs associated with the middle and rear axles of the wheels and hydraulic drives of the locking devices, and each of the locking devices contains two disks with curly slots about of a different shape, having a locking section, a rotary shaft, a cylindrical rod with two bushings mounted on it, two vertical struts and two clamps, while the locking devices are installed above the middle and rear axles of the wheels from the side of the left and right channel channels of the frame, from the outer and inner sides which fixed plates for locking devices with a combination of round and elongated through grooves made in channels and plates, and the rotary shaft of each of the locking devices is passed through a round groove s of the plates and the channel, and the disks are pairwise mounted on the rotary shaft from the external and internal sides of the channel through the corresponding plates, and the rod with the locking device bushings is passed through the figured slot of the disks and the elongated grooves of the plates and the channel and is connected to the corresponding wheel axis through symmetrically fixed to the rod at a distance close to the width of the spring, vertical struts articulated with a corresponding clamp covering the axles of the wheels on both sides of the spring for forced locking in having unloading of the axles of the wheels relative to the frame, and each hydraulic actuator includes a manually controlled valve and a hydraulic cylinder with a rod that are fixed on the outside of the corresponding channel of the frame, and the rod of each hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to the disk located on the outside of the channel above the middle axis of the wheels, and a disk attached to it, located on the inside of the channel, is pivotally connected by a rod to a disk located on the inside of the channel above the rear axle of the wheels.

The technical result of the proposed semi-trailer dump truck is safe unloading by eliminating the influence of spring resilience on the stability of the position of the semitrailer during unloading while maintaining mobility, as well as to increase the speed of unloading and to increase the reliability of operation.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the elements of the proposed semi-trailer dump truck.

Figure 2 shows a view along arrow B.

Figure 3 presents a structural diagram of two locking devices and their hydraulic drives, which are installed on one of the channel channels of the frame, their location on the channel is shown and the connection of the locking device with the rear axle of the wheels of the semitrailer is disclosed.

Figure 4 shows a section of figure 1 on BB.

Figure 5 shows a section of figure 1 along aa.

The proposed semitrailer dump truck for a freight train contains a frame 1 mounted on wheels with two longitudinal beams (left and right), which are made in the form of two I-beam channels 1 ¹ . A body 2 is mounted on the frame 1 of the semitrailer with the possibility of rotation when unloading, and the middle and rear axles 3.3 *, respectively, of the wheels 4.4 * of the semitrailer are connected to the frame 1 through springs 5.

The device includes four locking devices 6, which are designed to lock the springs associated with the middle and rear axles of the wheels, the semi-trailer and are installed two on the side of each side of the semi-trailer, respectively, above the middle and rear axles 3, 3 *. On the side of each side to control two locking devices 6 installed one hydraulic actuator 7.

The locking device 6 is located on the channel of the frame 1 and their fastening to the channel is carried out through two patch plates 8, 8 ¹ mounted on the outer and inner sides of the channel 1 ¹ , which is necessary to strengthen it.

All locking devices are made the same and their design is disclosed by the example of one of them (see figure 5).

The locking device 6 contains two disks 9, 9 ¹ , (9 *, 9 * ¹ ), each of which is made with a figured slot 10 of the same shape. In the slots, a locking portion 10 ^{3 is} provided.

In addition, the locking device 6 includes a rotary shaft 11 (11 *) and a cylindrical rod 12 with two bushings 13, 13 ¹ mounted on it, as well as two vertical posts 14, 14 ¹ and two clamps 15, 15 ¹ .

In the place of attachment of the locking device on the channel 1 ^{1 of the} frame 1 and in the corresponding patch plates, round 16 and vertical elongated 17 (see FIG. 3) through grooves are arranged underneath.

The rotary shaft 11 (11 *) of the locking device 6 is passed over the middle (rear) axis 3 (3 *) of the wheels 4 through the round grooves 16 of the plates and the channel 11. The disks 9, 9 ¹ (9 *, 9 * ¹ ) are mounted in pairs on the corresponding rotary shaft and are located on the outer and inner sides of the channel (through the corresponding plate). Mounting discs on the rotary shaft is performed, for example, using a spline connection (not shown in the drawing).

A cylindrical rod 12 with two bushings 13, 13 ^{1 is} passed through vertical elongated grooves 17 of the plates and the channel and through the curved slots of the disks 10. The rod 12 is connected to the corresponding axis 3 (3 *) of the wheels through symmetrically fixed to the cylindrical rod at a distance close to the width spring 5, two vertical struts 14, 14 ¹ , each of which rests on a clamp 15, 15 ¹ pivotally connected to it. Clamps are installed on different sides of the spring 5 for gripping the corresponding axis and its blocking.

The hydraulic actuator 7 (see Fig. 1) of the locking device includes a manually controlled valve 18 (from the handle 19) and a hydraulic cylinder 20 with a rod 21. The hydraulic valve 18 and the hydraulic cylinder 20 are mounted on the corresponding (left or right) channel 1 ^{of the} frame 1. Hydraulic actuators 7 designed to actuate the locking devices by alternately communicating the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinder 20 through the valve 18 with the pump and tank of the hydraulic system available on the road train (see figure 1)

The rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 of each hydraulic actuator 7 is pivotally connected to the disk 9 of the locking device mounted on the outside of the channel above the middle axis of the 3 wheels. A disk 9 ^{1 is} installed on the inner side of the channel, which is mounted on one rotary shaft with a disk 9. A rod 22 is mounted on the disk 9 ^{1. The} other side of the rod 22 is pivotally attached to the disk 9 * ¹ mounted on the inner side of the channel above the rear axle of 3 * wheels 4, and the 9 * ¹ disk is mounted on one rotary shaft 11 * with the 9 * disk.

The principle of operation of the proposed semitrailer-dump truck consists in blocking (shutting down) elastic springs associated with the middle and rear axles 3, 3 * of the wheels 4, 4 * when unloading the semitrailer to obtain a rigid connection between the frame and the axles of the wheels and consists in the following.

The hydraulic actuators 7 of the locking device 6, mounted on the left and right channels 1 ¹ , are turned on simultaneously before lifting the body (for unloading) by turning the handle 19 of the control valve 18.

In this case, the working fluid enters the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 20 and the rods 21 of the hydraulic cylinders 20 of the hydraulic actuators 7 are simultaneously extended.

The rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 of each hydraulic actuator rotates the disk 9 pivotally connected to it, which is mounted on the rotary shaft 11 from the outside of the channel 1 ¹ above the middle axis 3 of the wheels 4. At the same time, the disk 9 ¹ , which is mounted on the same shaft 11, but with the internal side of the same channel 1 ¹ . The spline connection of the disks to the shaft allows the transmission of significant torque.

The disk 9 ¹ pulls the disk 9 * ¹ , which also rotates, since it is fastened to the disk 9 ¹ through the rod 22, pivotally connected to the disk 9 * ¹ . The disk 9 * ^{1 is} mounted on the inner side of the channel 1 ^{1 of the} frame on the next rotary shaft 11 * located above the rear axle 3 * of the wheels, and with it the disk 9 * is rotated, which is fixed on the same rotary shaft 11 *, but from the outside channel. The gear ratio of disk rotation is 1: 1. Thus, from one hydraulic actuator 7, a coordinated simultaneous rotation of the disks 9, 9 ¹ , 9 *, 9 * ^{1 of} two locking devices is performed.

The operation of each of the locking devices is similar and traced on the example of one of them (see figure 5). When the hydraulic drive is turned off, the disks 9, 9 ^{1 of} the locking device 6 are in the initial position and the position of the cylindrical rod 12 with the bushings 13, 13 ¹ in the curly slot 10 of the disks 9, 9 ¹ is determined by the degree of loading of the body 2 of the semitrailer.

In the unloading mode, the hydraulic actuator 7 is turned on and the rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 extends to the maximum value, and the disks 9, 9 ^{1 of} the locking device 6 are forcibly rotated by a predetermined angle and held in this position for the entire time of unloading. At this time, the cylindrical rod 12 with the bushings 13, 13 ^{1 is} held in the locking sections 10 ^{3 of the} figured slots 10 of the disks 9, 9 ¹ and its vertical movements are excluded.

In this case, the cylindrical rod 12 acts on the axles of the wheels through the vertical struts 14, 14 ¹ and the clamps 15, 15 ¹ pivotally connected to them, mounted on the axles of the wheels on both sides of the springs 5, and forcibly shuts off (5) the springs 5 from operation.

Blocking of all springs associated with the middle and rear axles of the wheels occurs simultaneously, as a result of which a rigid connection is formed between the frame and the axles of the semi-trailer.

Thus, during unloading, the influence on the stability of the position of the semi-trailer completely eliminates one of the main causes of tipping over - spring deformation. According to the calculations, the maximum distance from the vertical of the center of gravity of a raised body with a load decreases by about 4 times. In conjunction with the observance of the regular unloading regulations, the danger of falling semi-trailers dumpers is practically eliminated.

At the same time, the mobility of the semi-trailer of the road train is maintained during unloading, which can be freely installed in any desired position, which helps to increase speed and increase the reliability of unloading.

The proposed semi-trailer dump truck was manufactured and successfully tested in the management of UM-25 ZAO Mosstroymehanizatsiya-5. The tests were carried out on a road train consisting of a tractor model FH-12 from Volvo, Sweden with a 55 t semi-trailer from LAG, Belgium.

The technical and economic effect of the proposed device is to increase stability and safety during unloading of large-sized large semi-trailers-dump trucks while maintaining their mobility, increasing the convenience of unloading and increasing the speed of unloading.

Claims (1)

A tipper semitrailer for a freight train containing a frame resting on the axle of the wheels through springs and made with two longitudinal beams in the form of I-beams, and a body mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation when unloading, characterized in that it is equipped with spring locking devices connected with middle and rear axles of the wheels and hydraulic drives of the locking devices, and each of the locking devices contains two disks with curly slots of the same shape, having a locking section, a rotary shaft, a cylinder a rod with two bushings mounted on it, two vertical struts and two clamps, while the locking devices are mounted above the middle and rear axles of the wheels from the side of the left and right channel channels of the frame, on the external and internal sides of which are attached patch plates for the locking device with the combination of a round and elongated through grooves made in the channels and plates, and the rotary shaft of each of the locking devices is passed through the round grooves of the plates and the channel, and the disks are pairwise mounted on the rotary shaft from the outside it and the inner sides of the channel through the respective plates, and the rod with the bushings of the locking device is passed through the figured slot of the disks and the elongated grooves of the plates and the channel and is connected to the corresponding axis of the wheels through the uprights symmetrically mounted on the rod at a distance close to the width of the springs with a corresponding clamp covering the axles of the wheels on both sides of the spring for forced locking in the mode of unloading the axles of the wheels relative to the frame, with each hydraulic actuator The manual control valve and the hydraulic cylinder with a rod are fixed, which are fixed on the outside of the corresponding channel of the frame, and the rod of each hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to the disk located on the external side of the channel above the middle axis of the wheels, and through the disk attached to it, located on the internal side of the channel , pivotally connected by a thrust to a disk located on the inner side of the channel above the rear axle of the wheels.

Images