RU2244124C2 - Coal-extractive drum combine, method for loading coal on conveyor, drum executive tool of cleaning combine, mechanism for hoisting executive tool of combine, mechanism for increasing stability of combine, feeding mechanism of combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: combine has main body, drive, feeding mechanism and executive tool, which is made in form of drum with horizontal rotation axis. It is placed at non-straight angle to longitudinal conveyor axis and is turned in horizontal plane in direction providing for displacement of trajectory of coal output towards conveyor. Drum has cylinder, on outer surface of which in certain order cams with cutters are fixed. Inside the cylinder three or five electric engines are placed. These are inserted in parallel in recesses of fixed body with inner teeth of sun ring of planetary gear, which interact with three satellites. Output shafts of three or five electric engines interact with one common cog-wheel. It is placed coaxially with planetary gear and engaged with it by torsion shaft having two cog tail pieces. One of tail pieces interacts with inner slits of wheel hub, and another interacts with teeth of three satellites of planetary gear. Mechanism for hoisting drum mechanism along bed massive has handle raising jack and handle with horizontal rotation axis placed in horizontal plane at non-straight angle to conveyor axis and turned to direct displacement of executive tool towards pit-face. Shoes of stability mechanism for combine are provided with reverse clamps for shelves on front pit-face and back dump sides of conveyor. Back support of conveyor on soil is placed on dump end of inter-section beams. Combine feeding mechanism has drive for chainless feeding system and leading sprocket. Sprocket interacts with fingers of conveyor rack. Drive is placed beyond handle of executive tool and is made in form of separate electric engine with reducer of self-braking worm type. Engagement of sprocket with fingers is guaranteed by reverse clamp of reducer engaging back planes of conveyor rack carrying these fingers. In method for loading coal on conveyor, drum rotation axis in plane around vertical axis is turned in certain direction to turn trajectory of coal towards conveyor. Movement of mining drum along conveyor is performed first along ceiling, and then along soil along coal output direction while providing for cleaning of soil in direction of frontal movement of conveyor to pit-face.

EFFECT: lesser dimensions, lesser mass, higher quality of operation.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, mainly to the treatment excavation of coal seams using shearers and scraper conveyors as part of mechanized complexes.

Shearers are known for medium power formations of the type RKU10, RKU13, RKU16, RKU20 and RKU25 with twin-screw actuators at the ends of the machine for shuttle operation or for unilateral work with a sweep (see, e.g., V.N. Khorin and others The development of technology for underground mining of coal, potash and manganese ores. M., Nedra, 1985, pp. 69-72, Fig. 24).

Electric motors for all RKU combines have a power of 200 kW, and the first three types have one electric motor per combine; and on the last two - two electric motors.

A known type 2GSh68B combine harvester having one electric motor with a power of 160 kW for both screws and one electric motor to drive a pumping station for a chainless feed system (see, for example, A.A. Toporkov. Mining excavation machine operator. M., Nedra, 1991, p. 239, Fig. 3.20).

Known shearer, including the main body, drive, feeder and actuator, which is made in the form of a drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, and taken as a prototype (see, for example, V.I. Malt and others. Design and construction of mining machines and complexes. M., Nedra, 1982, p. 127).

The disadvantage of these combines is the low drive power, the heavy weight and long length of the combine, the complexity of the design, as well as the increased energy consumption of breaking and loading coal with screw actuators, which reduce the grade of the coal mined.

There is a method of loading coal onto a conveyor, in which the executive body in the form of screws performs both the cutting function and the function of loading coal (see, for example, L.I. Kantovich, V.N. Getopanov. Mining machines. M., Nedra , 1989, p. 65).

The disadvantage of this method is that only 60-70% of the beaten off coal is loaded onto the conveyor by the screw itself. For loading the rest of the coal onto the conveyor, additional loading guards have to be used, complicating the design of the combine and requiring auxiliary operations for their maintenance (cleaning the guards and reinstalling them using additional gears and clutches).

A known method of loading coal on a conveyor, according to which rotate the chipper around a horizontal axis with the release of chipped coal and move the chipper along the conveyor (see, for example, RU No. 2130554, publ. 05.20.1999). This method is taken as a prototype.

An advantage of the prototype of this method of loading coal onto a conveyor is the fact that the jack drums are made with a conical part of a smaller diameter facing the face, providing a chamfer on the soil on the newly machined surface of the face, which facilitates the loading of coal on a high conveyor by creating a face at moving the conveyor of the “bulging prism” known from the theory of bulk solids.

The disadvantage of the prototype from the point of view of loading coal onto the conveyor is the location of the axis of rotation of the drum in an inclined plane not parallel to the surface of the soil and the roof, which requires regular adjustment of the axis of rotation of the drum each time when moving from soil to roof and vice versa.

From the current level of technology there is known a drum-type executive body of a shearer with a horizontal axis of rotation, including cylinders, on the outer surface of which fists with cutters are fixed in a certain sequence. It is simple in design, but cannot load coal onto the conveyor (see, for example, L.I. Kantovich, V.N. Getopanov. Mining machines. M., Nedra, 1989, p. 66).

The disadvantage of drum actuators with a horizontal axis of rotation is poor loading capacity, and therefore they are used only in combines A70 and KND working on steep seams (see, for example, V.I. Malt and others. Design and construction of mining machines and complexes. M., Nedra, 1982, p. 127).

Known drum executive body of the shearer with a horizontal axis of rotation, including a cylinder, on the outer surface of which in a certain sequence are fixed fists with cutters according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2130554, publ. 05/20/1999. This device is a prototype of the invention. The harvester has a jack drum, inside of which three electric motors are mounted, located around a circle around a centrally located planetary gearbox, the output shaft of which carries a jack drum.

The advantage of such a drive is its simplicity due to the presence of only one gear instead of four to five gears from the axis of the electric motor to the central planetary gear. The second advantage is the high power of the drive from three electric motors instead of one and the complete autonomy of the drive in terms of mounting and moving it.

Known mechanisms for lifting executive bodies by the thickness of the combine harvester, including a rotary handle with a horizontal axis of rotation and a jack for lifting the handle (see, for example, A.A. Toporkov. Mining excavation machine operator. M., Nedra, 1991, p.238, 241, Fig. 3.9, 3.22, 3.23). This mechanism is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this mechanism is the lack of parallelism of the earned roof in the case of the use of screws or drums with an inclined or rotated axis of rotation.

There is a known mechanism to increase the stability of combines from the action of tipping forces from the bottom when cutting coal, especially strong coals with resistance up to 350 kN / m, formations with rock layers. This mechanism is taken as a prototype. It includes the front and block skis of the combine and the conveyor with an intersection beam, a back support on the soil and a rail (see, for example, L.I. Kantovich. Mining machines. M., Nedra, 1989, p. 63).

From the existing level of technology, a mechanism is known to increase the combine’s stability against tipping reactions from the bottom side, including the front and block skis of the combine and a conveyor equipped with a rear support and a rack (see, for example, RU 2170350 C1 of 07/10/2001). This source is taken as a prototype.

Means of increasing stability include increasing the weight of the combine, reducing the width of the grip (narrow-grip recess), increasing the size of the base between the supports of the combine on the conveyor.

The disadvantage of these mechanisms is their incompleteness, the non-use of the weight of the conveyor, the need for a significant increase in the weight of the combine, its size in length and width, the need to use cutting modes with a small thickness of the removed chips and the need to increase the number of working cutters and increase the energy consumption of cutting.

Known feed mechanism of the combine 1GSh68, 2GSh68B, adopted for the prototype and includes a drive chainless feed system and an output sprocket that interacts with the fingers of the conveyor rail (see, for example, A.A. Toporkov. Mining excavation machine operator. M., Nedra, 1991 , p. 237, 238).

The disadvantage of the mechanism is the large dimensions of the feed system, its complexity and, accordingly, the unreliability, complexity of automation, emergency braking, regulation of the feed rate depending on the strength of the coal and the productivity of coal extraction.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the dimensions and reduce the weight of the combine, increase the power supply of the executive body, increase the productivity of the combine, increase the loading capacity of the drum executive bodies, eliminate additional loading guards and reduce the energy consumption of the process of loading coal, ensure efficient loading of coal on the conveyor, simplify the gearbox, ensure parallelism of the executive organ to the soil of the cut surface of the roof when changing the removable power of the plas that, increasing the stability of cutting, providing the ability to work with large chips (power cutting).

This problem is solved in that in a shearer comprising a main body, a drive, a feed mechanism and an actuator, which is made in the form of a drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, according to the invention, the axis of rotation of the drum is located at an indirect angle to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor and rotated in horizontal the plane in the direction that provides the displacement of the ejection path of the beaten-off coal towards the conveyor.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in the method of loading coal onto a conveyor, according to which the rotary drum rotates around a horizontal axis with ejected coal and the rotary drum moves along the conveyor, according to the invention, the rotation axis of the drum is rotated in plan around the vertical axis in the direction so that the path of the beaten-off coal is turned towards the conveyor, with the formation of a bottom face in the form of an ellipse with rounded face mates with soil and roof and a decrease in resistance when horizontal movement of the conveyor to the bottom and concentration of stresses in the roof, and the movement of the jack drum along the conveyor is carried out first along the roof, and then along the soil in the direction of departure of the beaten-out coal, ensuring that the soil is cleaned immediately before the frontal movement of the conveyor to the face.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in the drum executive body of a shearer with a horizontal axis of rotation, including a cylinder, on the outer surface of which fists with cutters are fixed in a certain sequence, according to the invention, three or five electric motors are placed inside the cylinder, mounted in parallel in the bores of the stationary body to which the gear ring with internal teeth is attached, representing the planetary gear sun gear for interacting with three satellites, the output shafts of these electric motors are meshed with one common gear located coaxially with the planetary gear and coupled to it by means of a torsion shaft having two gear shanks, one of which interacts with the internal splines of the hub of the common gear wheel, and the second gear shank interacts with the teeth three planetary gear satellites.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in the mechanism of lifting the executive body of the harvester by formation power, including a rotary handle with a horizontal axis of rotation and a jack for lifting the handle, according to the invention, the axis of rotation of the handle is located in a horizontal plane at an indirect angle to the axis of the conveyor and is rotated in plan direction of displacement of the executive body towards the bottom.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the mechanism to increase the stability of the combine from tipping reactions from the side, including the front and block skis of the combine and the conveyor with an intersection beam, the rear support on the soil and the rail, according to the invention, is equipped with reverse grippers mounted on the skis of the combine, This conveyor has guiding protrusions on its front downhole side for engagement with the reverse grip of the front ski, and the rail is mounted on the obstruction side of the conveyor and is made with the reverse plane, beyond which The reverse grips of the blocker skis of the combine are clinging, and the rear support of the conveyor to the soil is located at the blocking end of the intersection beam.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in the feed mechanism of the harvester, including the drive of a chainless feed system and an output sprocket interacting with the fingers of the conveyor rail, according to the invention, the feed drive is located in the plan behind the handle of the actuator and is made in the form of a separate electric motor with a self-braking worm type gearbox at the same time, to ensure adhesion of the output sprocket with the fingers of the conveyor rail, the rail is made with a reverse plane, for which the return grips of the blocking skis cling to Bajina.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the harvester, a cross section along the face, Fig.2 shows a view from the side of the face, Fig.3 is a plan view, Fig.4 is a diagram of the operation of the harvester, Fig.5 shows a drum device, cross section, in Fig.6 is a view of the drum from the bottom, in Fig.7 is a diagram of a graphical calculation of the gear ratio of the gearbox and cutting speed.

The harvester 1 includes a jack drum 2 with a handle 3 and a jack 4, a housing 5 with a front ski 6 with a re-capture 7 (first support) and blocking skies 8 with a re-capture 9 (second and third support of the combine), a supply part 10 with an electric motor 11, the worm gear 12 and the output sprocket 13, which interacts with the rail 14 of the conveyor 15, the electrohydro control unit 16 with an arm 17 for holding the bridle 18 of the cable layer 19, located in the groove 20 mounted on the obstruction side of the conveyor 15. The conveyor rests on the soil with the front toe 21, you fulfilling the role of the ploughshare, and the rear support 22, which is carried back to the obstruction end of the intersection beam 23, connected to the obstruction side of the conveyor rigidly in the vertical plane using a vertical pin 24. The conveyor stave has guiding protrusions 25 on the downhole side of the conveyor and on the back side carries a rail 14 with fingers, made with a reverse plane, for which the return grips of the block skis 8 of the combine are clinging. The presence of a three-support frame with reverse captures allows you to perform a harvester with a minimum length and minimum weight.

The method of operation of the combine for breaking the coal and loading it onto the conveyor according to the scheme of figure 4 is as follows.

In the first period, the combine is moving towards the jack drum with breaking the upper part of the reservoir (in the drawing, when moving from left to right, p. 27). In this case, the drum operates with a 180-degree zone and coal is unloaded at the bottom of the drum with the path of the beaten-off coal directed back and towards the conveyor, since the drum is rotated in the plan by an angle of about 15 degrees.

The form of the face after the passage of the combine has an elliptical cross-section with curvilinear mates with the roof and soil, which reduces the degree of stress concentration from the rock pressure and creates favorable conditions for the movement of the stand to the face without any resistance when the stand approaches the face.

After breaking off the entire tape, the combine stops and the drum goes down to the soil of the formation and the reverse feed of the combine is turned on (in the drawing from right to left, p. 28).

During the reverse movement of the combine, item 29, a cleanup run is performed with a cutting zone at the drum 0 ... 90 degrees depending on the thickness of the formation, with partial breaking of coal and with complete cleaning of the soil to ensure subsequent frontal conveyor feeding to the face without significant drag . When cleaning the soil, the flow of the beaten-off mass of coal from the drum is also directed towards the conveyor.

The lifting mechanism of the executive body is designed in such a way that regardless of the thickness of the formation, the roof is always cut horizontally. This is achieved by the fact that the horizontal axis of rotation 30 is not perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor and is turned away by about 15 degrees in the direction of displacement of the actuator towards the face.

The drum executive body includes three or five electric motors 31 inserted into three or five bores of the stationary housing 32, to which a gear ring with internal teeth 33 is attached, which is a kinematic diagram of a planetary gear sun wheel 34 coupled simultaneously with three gear satellites 35 rotating on axes 36 located in the seats of the monolithic output shaft 37 of the planetary gearbox. The output shafts of all electric motors through high-speed gears 38 are coupled to a common gear wheel 39, located coaxially with the planetary gearbox, with which it is connected via a torsion shaft 40. The torsion shaft has gear shanks 41, one of which is coupled to the internal splines of the wheel 39, and the second interacts simultaneously with the teeth of three satellites 35 planetary gear.

The output shaft 37 of the planetary gear is supported by two spherical bearings 42 and 43 and is connected via a spline flange 44 to the cylinder 45 of the pick-up drum 2.

In the housing 32 there are three sockets for electrical boxes 46 for passing three electrical cables and two holes 47 for entering and exiting water for cooling the motors. A sleeve 48 is welded to the base of the housing 32 for connection to the handle 3.

In the center of the casing and along the axis of the planetary gear, a pipeline 49 was passed for supplying water to the rotary fitting 50, which supplies water to the irrigation nozzles of each cutter 51, rotating together with the cylinder 45 of the jack drum 2.

Power and water pressure are supplied to the harvester from the cable layer 19 to the electrohydraulic control unit 16. Next to handle 3 are three electric cables 52 for connecting three electric motors, two hoses 53 for cooling water for electric motors 2 and one hose 53 for irrigation in the area of the cutters. Two hoses 54 for powering the piston and rod cavity of the jack 4 go directly from the control panel to the jack lifting the drum.

The advantage of the gearbox built into the drum is a significant simplification of gears, as a result of which 4-5 pairs of gears, usually used to drive an external electric motor through the gearbox in the handle, are replaced with only one wheel 39. Fig. 7 shows a diagram of the graphic calculation of the gear ratio and cutting speed, which should be within 3 ... 4 m / s.

i = tga / tgu = 6.78 / 0.186 = 36.4

n = 1,450,636.4 = 39.8 rpm

v = πdn / 60

v = π · 1.75 · 39.8 / 60 = 3.65 m / s.

The calculation showed that this condition is fully ensured by one wheel 39.

The advantage of the feed drive is that it is completely autonomous from the harvester mechanisms, located behind the handle of the harvester, does not have hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors due to the use of a separate electric motor 11 and self-braking worm gear, which, when the power is turned off, keeps the harvester in place at any angle of incidence layer. The necessary guarantee of the engagement of the sprocket 13 with the fingers of the rack 14 is achieved by the presence of capture of the combine harvester with 8 skis over the reverse plane of the rack 14.

The main advantage of the invention is the high power capacity of the executive body - 3 ... 5 times higher than the known, low weight and dimensions of the combine, also 3-4 times less than in the prototypes, the best loading of coal on the conveyor, the ability to completely remove people from the face and a sharp increase in the speed of the combine and its performance.

Claims (6)

1. Shearer comprising a main body, a drive, a feed mechanism and an actuator, which is made in the form of a drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the drum is located at an indirect angle to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor and rotated in a horizontal plane in the direction providing displacement of the ejection path of the beaten-off coal towards the conveyor. 2. A method of loading coal onto a conveyor, according to which the rotary drum rotates around a horizontal axis with the release of broken coal and the pneumatic drum moves along the conveyor, characterized in that the rotational axis of the drum rotates in plan around the vertical axis in a direction so that the path of the beaten coal rotates towards the conveyor, with the formation of the bottom face in the form of an ellipse with rounded bottom faces to the soil and the roof and a decrease in resistance when the conveyor is frontally moved to the bottom and concentration of stresses in the roof, and the movement of the jack drum along the conveyor is carried out first along the roof, and then along the soil in the direction of departure of the beaten-out coal, ensuring that the soil is cleaned immediately before the frontal movement of the conveyor to the face. 3. Drum executive body of a shearer with a horizontal axis of rotation, including a cylinder, on the outer surface of which fists with cutters are fixed in a certain sequence, characterized in that three or five electric motors are placed inside the cylinder, mounted in parallel in the bores of the fixed housing, to which the gear is attached crown with internal teeth, representing the planetary gear sun gear for interaction with three satellites, and the output shafts of these electric motors they are meshed with one common gear located coaxially with the planetary gear and coupled to it by means of a torsion shaft having two gear shanks, one of which interacts with the internal splines of the hub of the common gear wheel, and the second gear shank interacts with the teeth of three planetary gear reducer satellites . 4. The mechanism for lifting the executive body of the harvester by formation power, including a rotary handle with a horizontal axis of rotation and a jack for lifting the handle, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the handle is located in a horizontal plane at an indirect angle to the axis of the conveyor and is rotated in plan in the direction of displacement of the executive body in side of the face. 5. The mechanism to increase the stability of the combine from overturning reactions from the side of the face, including the front and block skis of the combine and the conveyor with an intersection beam, the rear support on the soil and the rail, characterized in that it is equipped with reverse grippers mounted on the skis of the combine, while the conveyor has guiding protrusions on its front downhole side for engagement with the front grip of the front ski, and the rail is mounted on the obstruction side of the conveyor and is made with the back plane, for which the back grip is blocked harvester skis, and the rear support of the conveyor to the soil is located at the dam end of the intersection beam. 6. The feed mechanism of the harvester, including the drive of the chainless feed system and the output sprocket, interacting with the fingers of the conveyor rail, characterized in that the feed drive is located in plan behind the handle of the actuator and is made as a separate electric motor with a self-braking worm gear reducer, while ensuring the clutch of the output sprocket with the fingers of the rail of the conveyor rail is made with a reverse plane, for which the return grips of the blocker skis of the combine cling.

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