RU2244083C2 - Tower structure and method for tower structure sections production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly for constructing water, silo, astronomical, radio-and-television towers, wind-power plant towers, and towers for industrial equipment.

SUBSTANCE: tower structure comprises base and shaft composed of multi-layered cylindrical and/or conical axially symmetric sections. Sections are three-layered and include outer and inner force shells formed of wound high-strength fiberglass plastic with high tensile and compressive resistance and central load-bearing layer formed of high-strength fire-proof material with high compressive resistance. Shells and central layer are pulled together by transversal rod members made of material having high strength in transversal direction. Neighboring sections are telescopically mounted one upon another so that end of one section rests upon end of central layer of adjoining section which terminates below crosscut end of at least one section shell to form annular seat for next section connection. Method of tower section forming involves producing inner and outer shells of winding fiberglass plastic impregnated with polymeric binding agent on mandrel and forming central layer. Outer and inner shells are placed by lower end surfaces thereof on horizontal panel so that shells are concentric one relative another. Laid on horizontal panel is adjusting ring having the first horizontal flat end inserted in annular space between shells and extending into above space for the length equal to distance from central layer edge to shell edges. The space is filled with viscous-flow composition in layerwise manner up to upper edges of inner and outer shells.

EFFECT: simplified structure, improved tower structure manufacturability, reduced labor inputs and costs for tower erection, operation, maintenance and repair.

18 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to tower structures such as water, silo, astronomical, radio and television towers, as well as towers of wind power plants and industrial technological equipment (cooling towers, chimneys, barometric condensers, wet cyclones, high-altitude cylindrical tanks and many others).

Known high-rise tower structures with a three-layer fiberglass wall structure with a middle layer of lightweight cellular material such as honeycomb or polystyrene [1].

A disadvantage of the known tower structures is the structural and technological complexity of the device, the high complexity of manufacturing, installation and operation, a large amount of manual, non-mechanized work performed at high altitude in difficult and quite dangerous conditions, high cost and fire hazard.

Also known is a high-rise tower structure [2], which contains a base and a barrel in the form of a multilayer shell, consisting of vertically stacked and fastened together multilayer cylindrical and conical sections, which is adopted as a prototype. An important advantage of this structure is its high seismic resistance.

The disadvantages of this tower device are the structural and technological complexity of the multilayer cylindrical and conical sections of the multi-tiered high-rise structure, assembled from a huge number of V-shaped building elements, the high complexity and complexity of assembly practically non-mechanized work. A large number of building V-shaped elements and retaining ties that form the bearing trunk of the tower structure, leads to the danger of premature destruction of some components, leading to a decrease in the reliability and durability of the structure, as well as the occurrence of dangerous emergency situations.

A known method of manufacturing and installation of high-rise tower structures made of fiberglass [1], according to which the tower structure is assembled from molded segments at the factory or directly from the consumer from fiberglass. During assembly, the flanged edges of the segments are joined and fiberglass impregnated with a thermosetting binder is placed on the joint. To increase the reliability and rigidity of the structure, it is bandaged with turns of a continuous steel cable.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and high complexity of manufacturing molded segments and their installation in the construction of tower structures, a large amount of manual, non-mechanized work performed at high altitude in difficult and quite dangerous conditions, high cost and fire hazard.

There is also a method of manufacturing a winding multilayer thick-walled shell exhaust gas pipe from a composite material [3], adopted as a prototype, including the manufacture of a three-layer wall of the shell of concentrically arranged layers of woven filler, such as fiberglass, and a polymer binder, for example polyester, the middle layer being with a binder content of 36 ... 37%, and the outer and inner layers are made with a binder content of 1.5 ... 2 times higher.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of a multilayer thick-walled shell, a long technological cycle of its manufacture, high consumption of expensive composite materials and especially a polymer binder, high transportation costs, complexity, high laboriousness of the assembly of the exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the manufacturability of multi-layer tower structures, reducing the complexity and cost of their construction, operation and repair.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the tower structure contains a base and a barrel of multilayer cylindrical or / and conical axisymmetric sections of a three-layer structure containing the outer and inner strength shells of high-tensile winding tensile - compression of fiberglass and the middle bearing layer of hard high-compressive fire-resistant material which are pulled together by transverse rod elements from high strength to cross-sectional material; moreover, the adjacent sections are mounted one on top of another telescopically so that the end of one of them abuts against the end of the middle layer of the adjacent section, recessed relative to the end cut of at least one of its power fiberglass shells, which forms a landing ring seat for telescopic connection of the adjacent section. Transversal rod elements are mounted uniformly around the circumference of the barrel in at least one plane of the cross section of each section. With a sufficiently high section height, the transversal core elements are mounted evenly from each other both around the circumference and along the height of the three-layer section wall in a checkerboard pattern. The gaps in the telescopic connection of adjacent sections can be filled with sealant, and the joints of adjacent sections can be separated by layers of vibration-isolating water-repellent material,

The joints of adjacent sections and the mating surfaces of their fiberglass shells can be bonded to each other with thermosetting polymer glue. Moreover, the fiberglass shells of adjacent sections in the area of the telescopic connection can be fastened to each other by radial rod elements made of shear-resistant material. The middle layer of the sections should preferably be made of cement filled with non-combustible solid mineral fillers, or, at least for some, for example, upper, sections of the barrel, may be made of foam concrete or syntactic foam based on a polymer matrix filled with mesospherical hollow or foamed solid mineral non-combustible bodies. The middle layer of the sections can be hardened by turns of a helicoidal spiral mesh structure from a high modulus composite fibrous material.

A method of manufacturing a section of a tower structure includes the manufacture of its inner and outer fiberglass shells by winding onto a mandrel a fiberglass semi-finished product impregnated with a polymer binder and a middle carrier layer of a rigid high-compressive fire-resistant material. The winding fiberglass outer and inner shells are installed with the end surfaces on a horizontal plate coaxially relative to each other using a ring centering on the plate, which, with its flat horizontal end, enters the annular gap between the coaxial fiberglass shells to a depth equal to the depth of recessing of the end surface of the formed middle bearing layer and fill the annular gap with layers of a viscous fluid composition of the technological solution, for example, b ton flush with the upper end cuts of the outer and inner shells of fiberglass. In this case, the annular gap is filled with annular horizontal layers of a viscous fluid solution or spiral-helical layers, continuously layered along the path of a direct or oblique helicoid. When filling the annular gap between the moldable layers of the poured mortar, a reinforcing mesh tape with diagonal cells is laid to increase the shear strength of the middle layer. Kinematically, the annular gap is filled with at least one continuous stream of viscous fluid supplied at a constant flow rate, rotating the section being manufactured around its axis of symmetry by rotating the horizontal plate at a constant peripheral speed, or the jet of pouring mortar is circled at a constant speed along the annular gap of the fixed section . If there are transversal rod elements in the annular section section that fasten its fiberglass shells together, the annular gap is filled continuously with the solution to the level of the first row of transverse rod elements, then the first row coupling rod elements are rigidly installed in the holes of the fiberglass shells prefabricated or in place fix the width of the annular gap in the plane of the horizontal section of the first row, and then continue to fill the annular gap to the level of trace a number of guide holes for the transverse rod members, etc. until the annular gap is completely filled flush with the upper ends of the fiberglass shell sections.

The technical results obtained by the embodiment of the invention consist, firstly, in the wide universality of the collapsible design of the proposed tower structure, which allows to erect, dismantle, repair, change its location and purpose, if necessary, with the least possible expense, build-up or, conversely, a decrease in altitude parameters, etc. etc.

Thus, the main indicators of the technical result are:

multipurpose use and use of component sections, which allows to significantly increase the volume of production of such sections, and therefore, reduce labor costs and the cost of their manufacture, since they can be successfully used for many other construction structures such as country and village pools, cellars, courtyards, storage facilities, utility rooms and many others.

almost complete mechanization and automation of the manufacture of component sections, their transportation and installation during the construction of building structures;

improving the maintainability of tower structures by simply replacing the sections being repaired with new ones, which significantly reduces the time, labor and repair costs;

- the possibility of multipurpose use of sections determines the waste-free disposal of dismantled or repaired tower structures.

Secondly, the important technical results of the proposed solution are:

anticorrosive and chemical resistance of a tower structure;

high fire resistance and fire safety of the structure;

increased vibration and seismic resistance of the tower structure;

increased sound and heat insulation qualities of the building structure;

increased reliability and durability of the tower structure, especially during its operation in the conditions of aggressive influences of the external and / or internal environment.

Figure 1 presents in section a fragment of the wall of a multi-tiered tower structure of cylindrical sections having an unequal thickness of the middle bearing layer; figure 2 is a fragment of a wall assembled from cylindrical sections of two types of sizes. Figure 3 shows a mounting option of adjacent sections centered by a telescopic connection of their inner fiberglass shells; and figure 4 - telescopic connection of their outer fiberglass shells. Figure 5 shows a wall fragment of a multi-tiered tower structure assembled from semi-conical axisymmetric sections centered telescopically with outer cylindrical fiberglass shells of three-layer sections; and Fig.6 centered telescopically inner cylindrical fiberglass shells of abutting sections. Figure 7 shows a variant of a tower structure of conical sections centered telescopically with the conical surfaces of the inner fiberglass shells, and Fig. 8 of the outer fiberglass shells. Figure 9 presents a variant of a multi-tiered collapsible tower structure.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - multi-tiered trunk of a tower structure; 2 - three-layer axisymmetric sections; 3 and 4, respectively, the outer and inner power shells of high tensile-compressive winding fiberglass; 5 - the middle bearing layer of the three-layer section and the multi-tiered trunk of the tower structure; 6 - transversal core elements; 7 radial rod elements.

The tower structure (Fig. 1 - Fig. 9) contains a multi-tiered barrel 1 of three-layered axisymmetric sections 2, each of which contains an outer 3 and an inner 4 power shells made of high tensile compression compression winding fiberglass and the middle bearing layer 5 of rigid high compression compressive fireproof material.

Power fiberglass shell 3 and 4 can be made cylindrical (figure 1 - figure 4), or the shell 3 is cylindrical, and the shell 4 is conical (figure 5), or the shell 3 is conical, and the shell 4 is cylindrical (figure 6). The outer and inner shells 3 and 4 can be made both conical, having the same or different taper (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8).

Power fiberglass shells 3 and 4 and the middle carrier layer 5 are fastened together by core elements 6 of high-strength to cross-sectional material, for example, fiberglass, unidirectionally reinforced with longitudinally oriented glass fibers. The core elements 6 are arranged transversally in at least one plane of the cross section of each section 2 with a uniform pitch around the circumference, for example, in the middle plane of the cross section of the section relative to its end sections, and the fiberglass shells 3 and 4 are pulled together and the middle carrier layer 5 is each another, fixing rigidly the dimensions of the cross section of the three-layer wall of the section at all stages of its life cycle (manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation and dismantling). With a large length of sections 2, the number of transverse planes containing transverse rod tie elements 6 can be increased to two, three, or more, spaced apart from each other and from the ends of the section, ensuring the straightness of the generators and the stiffness of the fiberglass shells 3 and 4 at the technological stage section manufacturing process.

While the rod elements 6 in adjacent planes of the cross sections of the three-layer sections 2 can be located relative to each other either in a checkerboard pattern or on top of each other along the same generatrices of the axisymmetric surface of the section.

Thus, the transverse rod elements 6 prevent the change in the annular gap between the fiberglass shells 3 and 4 (and therefore, their barrel-shaped in the structure) when filling it with cement or other technological solution during the formation of the middle bearing layer of section 2, and also increase the stability of thin-walled fiberglass power shells in a tower structure in areas of longitudinal compression thereof with longitudinal and / or transverse bends of its trunk.

Each section 2 has, at least on the side of one of its ends, an annular landing nest formed by the walls of the fiberglass shells 3 and 4 and the end surface of the middle layer 5 buried between them and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.

Adjacent sections 2 in the barrel of a tower structure are telescopically connected to each other by placing the end of one section in an annular landing nest of an adjacent section. Thus, the bearing barrel of the tower structure is a collapsible discrete structure of docked three-layer sections, the alignment of which in the barrel is ensured by telescopic coupling of the internal (Fig. 3, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) or external (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 8) fiberglass shells of adjacent sections in the annular landing nests. In order to waterproof the telescopic barrel joints, the gaps in the annular landing slots are filled with sealant. To increase the reliability, vibration and seismic resistance of tower structures, designed for long-term operation, the gaps and joints in the telescopic joints of the sections can be filled with a moisture-proof thermosetting adhesive.

In the designs of trunks subject to significant wind or other bending influences, the docked sections can be additionally bonded to each other in the telescopic mating zone with radial rod elements 7 (Fig. 4) uniformly distributed around the circumference in at least one plane of the cross section.

To increase the vibration and sound insulation properties of the tower structure, the joints of adjacent sections in the annular landing nests can be separated by layers of vibration insulation material.

To increase the stability of tower structures, they can be mounted from conical three-layer axisymmetric sections (Fig.7 and Fig.8). Moreover, in order to increase the damping properties of the trunk and improve protection against falling into the telescopic nests of precipitation, it is advisable to use a roofing installation scheme for semiconical (Fig.6) or conical (Fig.8) sections. If necessary, have annular supporting platforms inside the tower structure, for example, for the installation of inter-tier or ceiling ceilings, the scheme of telescopic installation of axisymmetric sections should provide for their centering in the barrel by pairing the outer fiberglass shells (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).

To reduce the cost of three-layer sections, to ensure fire resistance and incombustibility of a tower structure, the middle layer of sections is made of Portland cement filled with non-combustible solid mineral fillers, such as expanded clay, or fiberglass, or glass break, etc.

To reduce the number of connectors (tiers) in the barrel of a tower structure by increasing the length of its three-layer sections and at the same time increase the heat and sound insulation properties of the structure, the middle bearing trunk of the sections can be made of foam concrete or syntactic foam, in particular, based on polymer a fire-resistant matrix filled with hollow or foamed solid mineral non-combustible bodies, for example hollow micro- or mesospheres made of glass or expanded clay expanded clay.

To increase the bearing capacity of the barrel, the middle bearing layer of the three-layer sections can be strengthened by ring or helicoid coils of a grid structure tape with rhombic (diagonal) cells made of high-modulus composite material based on glass or ceramic fiber.

Figure 2 shows a variant of a collapsible trunk of a tower structure, formed from axisymmetric sections of only two standard sizes, which allows to reduce the size range of component sections for trunks of high-rise structures to two, and therefore, reduce to two standard sizes the sets of expensive technological equipment required for their production (mandrels), thus reducing production costs and the cost of high-rise buildings.

Variants of the barrels of tower structures, shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, allow us to confine ourselves to only one standard size of components of axisymmetric sections, which promises an even higher technical and economic effect in the construction of high-rise structures.

One of the combination options of a collapsible tower structure formed from different types of three-layer axisymmetric sections is shown in Fig.9.

A method of manufacturing sections of a tower structure includes the operations of manufacturing fiberglass shells 3 and 4 by winding onto a forming technological mandrel a glass fiber prefabricated impregnated with a polymer binder, which, after the binder is cured and removed from the mandrel, is installed in a vertical position coaxially and, filling the annular gap between them, a viscous flowing technological solution is made, the middle bearing layer of a section of a given structure, composition and strength, and also form the rings evy landing nest for telescopic connection of sections in a trunk of a constructed tower construction.

For example, autonomous inner and outer fiberglass shells 3 and 4 of a three-layer axisymmetric section are manufactured by automated dry or wet winding on forming technological mandrels of appropriate sizes of fiberglass impregnated with thermosetting polymer binder, in particular, based on halogenated chemically resistant polyesters used on chemical plants. The addition of chlorine or bromine provides a fire-retardant system whose properties can be improved by the addition of five percent antimony trioxide. After curing on forming mandrels and trimming to a predetermined size, the finished fiberglass shells 3 and 4 are installed in a vertical position on a flat horizontal technological plate (or platform), placing them coaxially relative to each other using a special technological washer (rectangular profile ring) centering the inner fiberglass the shell with its inner annular circumference, and the outer outer. The height of the centering technological washer should correspond to the depth of the annular seat socket of the section being manufactured.

The annular gap between the coaxial fiberglass shells is filled flush with a viscous-flowing technological solution, which is filled with one or several vertical jets from the upper end of the section. As a technological solution, cement (or concrete) mortar, or polymer concrete mixture, or pouring polymer composition, etc. can be used.

In this case, the annular gap is filled either with annular horizontal layers of a viscous flowing technological, for example concrete, mortar, or helicoid layers, laying, if necessary, between the layers a flexible diagonal (rhombic) reinforcing mesh, for example, of fiberglass.

When filling the annular gap with the technological solution, the section being manufactured is rotated around its axis of symmetry at a constant peripheral speed, rotating the platform on which the section is installed, or, conversely, relative to the stationary section (platform), they are moved along the annular gap of the nozzles, or a nozzle system through which vertical technological solution jets.

To prevent the formation of barrel-shaped sections due to deflections of fiberglass shells under the influence of hydrostatic pressure of the solution in the annular gap, the latter is filled to a “safe” level at which the radial deformation of the fiberglass shells is negligible. Then, at this level, a system of transversal tie rods is installed, for example, of fiberglass or other anti-corrosion tensile material, with which the required geometric accuracy of the fiberglass shells and the annular gap between them are adjusted and fixed rigidly in a given plane of the cross section. Then, filling the annular gap with the technological solution is continued until the next “safe” level shell shape for accuracy, install, if necessary, a similar system of transversal core elements providing the necessary diametral stiffness of fiberglass shells, etc. until the annular gap of the section is completely filled.

After the curing of the technological solution in the annular gap of the section, it is ready for certification tests and practical use in building structures.

Sources of information

1. J. Mallinson. The use of fiberglass products in chemical industries. Per. from English M .: Chemistry, 1973, -240 s.

2. SU 1698389, E 04 B 1/98, E 04 H 9/02. Seismic structure.

3. SU 1763624 A1, E 04 H 1 2/28. Shell exhaust pipe made of composite material.

Claims (18)

1. The tower structure, including the base and the barrel of a multilayer cylindrical or / and conical axisymmetric sections, characterized in that the barrel is made of sections of a three-layer structure, containing the outer and inner strength shells of high-tensile-compression, high-tensile-compression fiberglass and the middle bearing layer of hard high-compressive fire-resistant material, which are pulled together by transverse rod elements from high-strength to cross-sectional material, and adjacent The sections are mounted one on top of another telescopically so that the end of one of them abuts against the end of the middle layer of the adjacent section, recessed relative to the end cut of at least one of its power fiberglass shells, which forms a landing ring socket for telescopic connection of the adjacent section. 2. The tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse rod elements are mounted uniformly around the circumference of at least one plane of the cross section of each section. 3. The tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse rod elements are installed evenly from each other around the circumference and the height of the three-layer wall of the section in a checkerboard pattern. 4. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the gaps in the telescopic connection of adjacent sections are filled with sealant. 5. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the joints of adjacent sections are separated by layers of vibration-absorbing water-repellent material. 6. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the joints of adjacent sections and the mating surfaces of their fiberglass shells are bonded to each other with a thermosetting polymer adhesive. 7. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the fiberglass shells of adjacent sections in the area of the telescopic connection are fastened together by radial rod elements made of shear-resistant material. 8. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the middle layer of the sections is made of cement filled with non-combustible solid mineral fillers. 9. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the middle layer of at least some sections of the barrel is made of foam concrete. 10. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the middle layer of at least some sections of the barrel is made of syntactic foam based on a polymer matrix filled with mesospherical hollow or foamed solid mineral non-combustible bodies. 11. Tower structure according to any one of paragraphs. 8-10, characterized in that the middle layer of the sections is hardened by turns of a helicoidal spiral mesh structure from a high modulus composite fibrous material. 12. A method of manufacturing a section of a tower structure, including the manufacture of its inner and outer fiberglass shells by winding onto the mandrel a fiberglass prefabricated polymer binder and a middle support layer, characterized in that the winding fiberglass outer and inner shells are installed with end surfaces on the horizontal plate coaxially relative to each other each other with the help of a centering ring laid on the plate, entering with its horizontal flat m end into the annular space between coaxial fiberglass shell at a depth equal to the depth of embedding an end surface formed by the median of the carrier layer, and fill the annular gap layers viscous-flow process liquor composition is flush with the upper end cuts of the outer and inner shells of fiberglass. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the annular gap is filled with annular horizontal layers of a viscous fluid solution. 14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the gap is filled by layering a stream of viscous fluid solution in a helicoidal spiral. 15. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 12-14, characterized in that when filling the annular gap between the layers of the poured solution, a reinforcing mesh tape with diagonal cells is laid. 16. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 12-15, characterized in that when pouring a viscous fluid solution into an annular gap, the section being manufactured is rotated around its axis of symmetry by rotating a horizontal plate. 17. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 12-15, characterized in that when pouring a viscous fluid solution into the annular gap, the jet of solution is moved in circles along the annular gap of the fixed section. 18. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 12-17, characterized in that the annular gap is filled to the level of the holes of the first row of transversal rod elements, the rod elements of the first row are installed, the width of the annular gap is rigidly fixed in the horizontal plane of the first row, tightening the fiberglass sections with rod elements, and then continue to fill the annular gap to the level of the next row of holes for transversal rods and then until the annular gap is completely filled flush with the upper ends of the fiberglass shells.

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