RU2243040C1 - Method of recuperation of sites of solid household wastes burial - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology, preservation of environment.

SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method of recuperation of sites of solid household waste burial and is pertinent to environmental control, in particular, to usage of sites of solid household waste burial, namely to methods of the multiple use of sites of solid household waste burial. At realization of the method on a selected section of the existing site of solid household waste burial the refuse soil is extracted by excavation. Then the extracted refuse soil is sorted with separation of the second-hand materials, ballast fractions and the soil itself. In the base of the section of the site of a solid household waste burial made free after excavation, a waterproofing shield and a system of the filtrate withdrawal are created in compliance with the acting normative requirements. Then the newly delivered solid household waste burial is stored with a four-fold compaction and covered up with the soil produced during sorting. After reaching the design marks of the given section of the site they again create on the surface of the section a waterproof cover made out of the sorted out soil and start to develop a following section. Return to the previously developed section of the site of solid household waste burial is expedient in 20 years. The invention ensures an increase of the dates of expected lives of the existing sections of sites of solid household waste burial at maintaining correspondence of the sites to the modern ecological requirements and preservation of natural resources.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of the expected lives of the sections of sites of solid household waste burials, their correspondence to the modern ecological requirements and preservation of natural resources.

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, in particular to the operation of landfills for solid household waste (MSW), and in particular to methods of reuse of landfills for solid waste.

The level of technology.

There is a method of (generally accepted) disposal of solid waste, which consists in creating a waterproofing screen at the base of the site, layer-by-layer storage of solid waste with 4-fold compaction and sprinkling with soil imported from the outside, a waterproofing device and land reclamation (Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas: Reference / A.N. Mirny et al. M: Stroyizdat, 1997, p. 253-254.).

The signs of the known method, which coincides with the features of the claimed one, is the creation of a waterproofing screen at the base of the site, layered storage of solid waste with compaction and sprinkling with soil, a waterproofing device on the surface of the stored waste.

The known method has several disadvantages:

- The constant need for new sites;

- the areas of land allocated for landfills for solid waste are exploited for 15-20 years and then, after restoration, for a long time (50-100 years) are withdrawn from active land use;

- MSW closed sites very soon cease to meet modern environmental requirements due to the fact that the environmental requirements of legislative acts are constantly increasing;

- for isolation of solid waste requires soil imported from outside; for this, as a rule, the development of a quarry of the soil is additionally required, which leads to disturbance of the land, and therefore, additional work is required to restore the developed quarries;

- none of the types of soil completely meets all the requirements for the materials used for refilling solid waste (to reliably isolate solid waste from contact with insects, to prevent birds and rodents from accessing waste, to be inconvenient for loopholes and holes, to be permeable to formed during the decomposition of waste gases, to prevent the appearance of odors from decomposition of waste, etc.);

- valuable secondary material resources (BMP) are lost, since under the existing system of solid waste disposal in the Russian Federation, as a rule, all generated solid waste are sent for disposal without BMP extraction;

- large unproductive costs for post-operational site maintenance.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed solution is a method of using a place for storing municipal waste, in which urban waste (landfill soil) is removed by drilling and stored in fractions: into fractions subjected to decomposition and fermentation (soil proper) , and non-degradable fractions. Each kind of fractions is used or treated accordingly. The site vacated on the site is used for the burial of new municipal waste (K.K. Ebare seisakue, JP 1-54108, 09/09/100, 5/00, 11/16/89, “Method of using the place for storing municipal waste”).

The signs of the known method, which coincides with the features of the claimed one, are garbage removal at the storage place, sorting by fractions and use of the vacated areas for the burial of newly received solid waste.

The disadvantages of the method are

- long periods of re-development of landfill sites associated with the fact that landfill is mined by drilling, i.e. master the landfill pointwise, wells - a process that is extended over time, leading to a decrease in the frequency of development of the landfill;

- non-compliance of the waste storage sites with modern environmental requirements, since production by drilling does not completely free the site base and thereby create (or reconstruct) the waterproofing screen of the base and the filtrate removal system;

- the division of the extracted soil into only two fractions: from the non-decomposable fraction of the soil secondary raw materials (BC) are not extracted — glass, metal, synthetic materials, etc. (i.e., natural resources are lost).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to increase the life of existing landfills for solid waste, ensuring compliance with modern environmental requirements, conservation of natural resources.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the frequency of development of landfills for solid waste, increase the protective properties and reliability of the waterproofing screen of the base and the filtrate removal system; reuse of landfill soil and obtaining secondary raw materials.

The problem is solved in that in the known method of recovering landfills for solid household waste (MSW), which consists in the extraction of landfill soil, its separation into decomposable (proper soil) and non-decomposable fractions and placement of newly imported solid waste on the vacated area, extraction is carried out by excavation, secondary raw materials are extracted from the non-degradable fraction by sorting, and a waterproofing base screen and a filtrate removal system are created (or reconstructed) on the vacated area. The newly imported solid waste are stored in layers with a 4-fold compaction and poured with soil, after which they create a waterproof coating. To fill the layers of newly imported solid waste and create a waterproof coating, the soil obtained during the sorting process is used. The minimum thickness of the soil layer when pouring in accordance with modern environmental requirements is 0.25 m.

The studies showed that the soil obtained after sorting consists of biosubstrate (up to 90%) and solid waste ballast fractions, has a density of 1.4-1.6 t / m ³ , is breathable, and is well compacted. Biosubstrate, which is part of landfill soil, is a relatively stable humified product with sorption properties. Ballast fractions - inert materials, such as stones, bricks, small fractions of glass, etc. The sorted part of the landfill soil is not attractive to insects and rodents and meets the requirements for materials used for filling and reclamation. Biosubstrate adsorbs odorous substances released during the decomposition of solid waste.

The inventive method for the recovery of landfills for solid waste differs from known analogues, therefore, the claimed solution satisfies the condition of patentability of the invention of "novelty."

The analysis of the prior art for compliance of the claimed solution with the condition of patentability of the invention "inventive step" showed the following.

For the first time, it is proposed to use the part of landfill soil remaining after sorting as a material for the filling and isolation of solid waste, which will increase the life of the landfill. Thus, the claimed solution satisfies the condition of patentability of the invention "inventive step".

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

The proposed method is as follows. The MSW burial site is divided into sections depending on the conditions of its location, geometry, ease of development, etc. Development begins from the lower relief site. In the selected area, landfill is excavated. The selected soil is subjected to sorting and separation. To do this, use well-known equipment used in waste processing plants. Landfill soil is sorted with the release of secondary raw materials (BC), ballast fractions and the actual soil. The aircraft is sent for processing, the remaining parts are sent to an auxiliary site for temporary storage. When sorting and separating, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, and synthetic materials (polyethylene, plastic, etc.) are extracted. After sorting, a part of landfill soil remains, which consists of biosubstrate (up to 90%) and solid waste ballast fractions. This soil has a density of 1.4-1.6 t / m ³ , breathable, well compacted. Biosubstrate, which is part of landfill soil, is a humified product with sorption properties. Ballast fractions - inert materials: stones, brick, small fractions of glass, which can also be used (for example, to create production roads). At the base of the landfill site that was freed up after excavation, a waterproofing screen and a filtrate removal system are created (or reconstructed) in accordance with the current regulatory requirements. Today, the filtration coefficient of the waterproofing screen should be 10 ^-7 m / s. After creating a waterproofing screen in this section of the site, newly imported solid waste are stored with a 4-fold compaction and poured with the soil obtained during the sorting process. In accordance with the current regulatory requirements, the minimum thickness of the landfill layer during overfilling is 0.25 m. This layer of landfill soil is sufficient for it to sorb the odorous substances released during decomposition. Upon reaching the design marks of this site on the surface of the newly laid solid waste, a waterproof coating is created from the sorted soil and the development of the next site begins. A return to the originally developed area of the MSW site is advisable after 20 years.

The proposed method will allow

- sanitize old landfills and ensure compliance with current regulatory requirements for solid waste disposal facilities (for example, the installation or reconstruction of a waterproofing screen at the base and filtrate collection system, construction of biological treatment facilities);

- reuse the allotted territory for landfill;

- save natural resources through the use of aircraft (glass, metals, plastics) and recycling obtained in the process of sorting landfill soil for dumping solid waste and reclamation; exclude the development of quarries;

- reduce costs at the investment stage, capital and post-operational costs.

Claims (1)

The method of recuperation of solid waste landfills, which consists in extracting landfill soil at the place of its storage, sorting it onto the soil itself and into non-decomposable fractions and placing newly imported solid household waste on the vacated area, characterized in that the landfill is extracted by excavation on the vacated the area of the base creates or reconstructs a waterproofing screen and a filtrate collection system and layer-by-layer stack the newly imported solid household waste with compaction and pouring with the soil obtained during the sorting process, after which a waterproof coating is created from the sorted soil on the surface of the newly stored solid household waste.