RU2240160C1 - Apparatus for protecting from negative effects of air flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecological protection of human and processes demanding pure air.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has device adapted for direct changing of properties of air flow, and device for drawing of air and feeding it to consumption site. Device for direct changing of air properties is made in the form of flattened carcass, whose geometric model is designed for joining thereof with surface relief. Said device has air inlet and air outlet commensurable with sections thereof. Air flows along channeled inner surface of said device.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and universal protection of human from negative effects of air flow.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention and its development options is a universal environmental protection of man and technological processes in which air purity is especially relevant.

It combines the functions of: a protective mask, a respirator, a gas mask, an insulating agent (including diving), an air conditioner (personal or collective), an automatic vacuum cleaner (for rooms and vehicles), and medical and adaptive devices in an individual or collective (stationary and mobile) and technological performance.

It is adjusted to the current change in the ecological situation of the environment.

It is used in military, specialized, civil and domestic conditions.

It is an independent device or an integral part of the structure (building, premises, vehicles, technical devices, etc.).

State of the art

Known in the form of a helmet, an individual means of protection against harmful impurities in the air (official definition of such devices) is the closest to the claimed invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result, consisting of a transparent mask and a helmet equipped with two built-in headphones , cylindrical boxes for connecting an external source of clean air [1].

Cylindrical boxes - “intermediate ducts” (authors' terminology) are used in emergency situations for a short time like filter boxes in respirators.

The general (restrictive) features of the analogue as a means of protection against the negative effects of the air flow (the formation of which is a prerequisite for the functioning of the means of protection of all known structures) with the claimed invention are the content of the device (box with a filter) directly intended for changing properties (cleaning from harmful substances ) air flow, devices for its intake (air ducts) and bringing to the place of consumption (to the respiratory organs of the consumer with guiding duct).

Close solutions to the claimed invention are:

- placement on a helmet on the side surfaces of the head of devices directly designed to change the properties of the air flow (partial compliance with dependent claims 3 and 4 of the claims), in which

- external air ducts are used to connect an external source of clean air (partial compliance with dependent claim 8 of the claims).

The main disadvantages of the known design, designed to perform installation and emergency operations in the mining industry, are:

- high dependence on external sources of clean air,

- lack of autonomous gas protection and

- extremely narrow application.

The principle of operation of the airflow cleaning device (when transforming it from an intermediate duct into a respirator) is based on the traditional scheme of using a filter element (it is assumed that it has a geometric shape with two relatively parallel planes and four or more faces similar to, for example, objects such as thick a sheet of cardboard, a book, etc.), in which the air flow is directed mainly perpendicular to its planes (therefore, parallel to its faces), which means a significant degree determines the operational and technical shortcomings or problems that are characteristic not only for this design, but also for all known devices having the function of protection against harmful impurities in the air.

So, in well-known personal protective equipment (gas masks and respirators), the filter box capacity (respectively, the useful mass of functional elements) and the cross-section of air-conducting openings are significantly limited, which is a consequence of placing the filters perpendicular to the direction of the air flow passing through them. For the same reason, regardless of the nature of the air pollution, it is necessary to use simultaneously all the filter elements in the box, i.e. during breathing in conditions of a changing state of the environment, there is inadequate resistance to the incoming air flow.

Bulky filter and valve boxes, connecting tubes create a significant harmful masking space and hamper the user's movements.

Due to their design features, filter boxes are rigidly tied to highly specialized devices (gas masks and respiratory masks), as a result of which the well-known protective equipment is used only in extreme situations, thereby limiting their widespread use in domestic and everyday conditions, for example, for protection

- from respiratory infections and allergens,

- from dust storms, smoke of forest fires, automobile smog, etc.,

for constant preparedness for emergency situations at hazardous production, in combat conditions, etc.,

which, in particular, is connected with the fundamental impossibility of their adaptation to the relief of the contacting surface (headgear, clothing, accessory).

For achievement

maximum effectiveness of personal protective equipment,

safety and accessibility for the whole population,

universality and

sufficient duration of its use

a capacious and at the same time compact filter box with a set of filters covering the entire spectrum of known harmful substances, but corresponding to a changing environment, as well as connecting air tubes that are comparable in diameter to the box volume, but do not create additional harmful space and do not limit the user’s performance, are required which in all cases is a technical contradiction.

In medical practice, to protect the surgical field from infected air exhaled by the surgeon and his assistants, face masks made of filter material are used, through which the air flows are also directed perpendicular to its plane.

The denser the fabric or the more layers the mask contains, the better the protection of the surgical field, but the greater the resistance to normal air exchange when breathing

- until the appearance of symptoms of oxygen starvation in health workers (in certain situations).

One has to compromise (the mask lets out exhaled air just enough to ensure the surgeon’s acceptable working capacity and the surgical field is inevitably infected), but with many hours of surgery and / or a large surgical field this leads to serious problems in the development of this field of medicine.

Throughout his professional career, in difficult physical, psychological and intellectual conditions, the surgeon, using such a mask, is forced to breathe superheated air, saturated with moisture and exhaled carbon dioxide, periodically be exposed to infected liquids penetrating into the mask (potential risk of infection with viral hepatitis, AIDS etc.), anesthetics and other harmful substances, which ultimately negatively affects its performance, health (almost itself low life expectancy) and, ultimately, reduces the quality of surgical interventions.

Nevertheless, for well-known face masks, complete protection of the surgical field, not only not violating, but also significantly improving the surgeon's free, full breathing, is mutually exclusive and technically unattainable task conditions (insoluble technical contradictions).

In sports helmets, the space between the front surface of the head and the “visor” is necessary for air exchange and removal of the helmet, therefore it does not contain shock absorbing pads. However, it is a gate for the penetration of dust, dirt and exhaust gases (from which the sharp tilt of the head forward is partially saved - a necessary measure that affects driving safety) and here is the least protection against traumatic damage to the lower jaw.

It is constructive not to place a filter element or, more importantly, a shock-absorbing pad in this space, therefore, these problems remain unresolved.

To artificially improve the state of the air in enclosed spaces and vehicles, stirring (blowing [<lat, ventilare]) of contaminated and clean air is used with:

a) artificial ventilation or

b) air conditioners based on ventilation, but with bringing certain parameters of the air to a certain state [<lat. conditionis]).

Filters in such devices (if used) are also oriented perpendicular to the air flow, thereby predetermining the dimensions of these devices and adaptability to difficult relief surfaces.

The inevitable consequences of ventilation (as a result of active mixing of the air masses inside the room) are the formation of turbulent flows that capture fine sand and statically charged dust particles from the environment with domestic, bacterial or industrial pollution. Penetrating into the respiratory system, settling and accumulating on walls, objects and equipment, in places difficult to clean, they worsen the human environment and, as a result, contribute to chronic intoxication and allergization - various pathological changes in his body (metabolic disorders, immunosuppression ), accompanied by increased fatigue, decreased attention, general malaise, discomfort, tendency to infectious diseases, etc. Micro-pollution disables high-precision and electronic equipment, worsening the parameters of technological processes, etc.

As a result: industrial injuries and occupational diseases, low labor productivity in production, high accident rate of vehicles due to drivers, persistent nosocomial infections in medical institutions, marriage in high-tech processes (economic losses), etc.

The unevenness, temperature contrast of the mixed air masses during ventilation, like drafts, cause colds, which is especially true for medical facilities (resuscitation and burn wards), manufacturing departments and vehicles (especially when using air conditioners).

In some cases (hospitals, cinema and concert halls), the impossibility of using a ventilation system to ensure a metered distribution of air exchange at any given point in the room is also crucial. In public places, turbulent mixing of dissimilar air currents containing exhaled air of many people leads to the mutual "exchange of microflora" between them (an epidemiological danger).

Exhaust ventilation (in hazardous industries, in chemical, bacteriological laboratories, etc.) is accompanied by compensatory suction of contaminated air from neighboring rooms, open doors and windows. Installation of effective filters in these places is in most cases technically impossible.

In fact, there is no generally accessible protection of enclosed spaces against the accumulation of dust and the accumulation of harmful substances.

On the one hand, in enclosed spaces, constant updating of polluting air is necessary.

On the other hand, vortex air flows and drafts should not form (inevitable during ventilation), dust should not accumulate.

Due to these technical contradictions, a complete and continuous cleaning of the premises is either impossible (especially, for example, in workshops with difficult-relief, continuously working equipment), or extremely difficult (for example, in the vehicle compartment - while driving) and therefore it is practically not carried out or carried out too rare to ensure a favorable state of the environment, which reveals the complete or partial unresolvedness of these problems in various fields of human activity.

In the modern civil defense system, collective protection of the population from chemical and bacteriological weapons focuses on individual protective equipment (gas masks, respirators) and anti-nuclear fortifications with full life support systems (including ventilation units and air conditioners with the traditional use of filters).

This approach has a number of fundamental disadvantages:

- with an exclusively chemical and biological attack of the enemy (terrorism, sabotage), the protection of underground, reinforced concrete structures is excessively excessive;

- in addition, it is available only to a narrowly limited contingent of citizens and special forces personnel (it is obvious that the construction of underground duplicate "settlements" for the rest of the country's population is an impossible task);

- gas masks and respirators of mass use are not suitable for protection against bacteriological weapons;

- after each chemical or bacteriological attack, there is a need for a thorough, total treatment of the entire affected area with enormous technical and material costs. It is impossible to ensure massive, multiple evacuation of the population (from dwellings to shelters and vice versa) without the risk of accidental infection in the way of individual citizens and the introduction of a dangerous substance into public places (shelters) (epidemiological and chemical risk);

- personal protective equipment against chemical weapons is intended for relatively short-term use (minutes, hours) with many medical restrictions, however, isolation from the contaminated environment is necessary for long periods (days, months) and not only of the people themselves, but also of property left in their homes food supplies, etc .;

- expensive bomb shelters are difficult to adapt for civilian use, they are practically useless in peacetime, therefore they are an economically ineffective means of "insurance", etc.

For these and many other reasons, there are no technical facilities guaranteed to protect the entire population of the country from chemical and bacteriological weapons and, no less important, from technological and natural disasters.

At the moment, there are practically no systems for protecting the population, property and public material values (and consequently, the corresponding national programs) from chemical and bacteriological weapons, which (in the long run) are especially catastrophic with their colossal, poorly controlled reserves and relative availability for underground production , a specific opportunity for covert use (without declaring war, sabotage, sabotage) and with the threat of international terrorism.

An inhabited building containing the owner’s personal property, a certain stock of essential goods, food, communications (radio, television, telephone, Internet) is maximally adapted to his individual needs in the event of prolonged isolation and eliminates the epidemic spread of infections characteristic of bomb shelters.

However, it is technically and economically impossible to equip residential and public buildings with protective equipment against chemical and bacteriological weapons based on known devices, which, moreover, would possess such necessary characteristics as

- full adaptation, built-in to the premises of any configuration,

- their wide availability, prevalence and relevance in peacetime as consumer goods, i.e. independently established by citizens or organizations

and therefore

- not only not burdening the state budget, but also by stimulating private investment and export, which greatly complement it.

Overcoming such technical contradictions is necessary for (absent anywhere in the world)

- ensuring the defense capability of the state in case of the use of chemical and bacteriological weapons,

- protecting the population from technological and environmental disasters (for example, from smoke from forest fires, radioactive dust, sand winds), insects, allergic pollen, etc.

Disclosure of invention

A metabolic disorder in the human body underlies all functional and organic damage to organs and tissues leading to the occurrence of diseases. One of the most important ways to prevent metabolic disorders is to adapt the surrounding air environment to individual human needs, including constant protection against the negative effects of air flow.

For these purposes, necessary (currently absent):

- individual and collective (stationary and mobile) daily use devices designed for universal environmental protection of a person from airborne substances and constantly changing composition of harmful impurities, infections, allergens, etc .;

- affordable means of protecting the premises and interiors of vehicles from the accumulation of dust, sand and other harmful substances;

- devices that prevent the spread of epidemic diseases in public places with air currents;

- devices that ensure the adaptation of airspace to the individual needs of each person using personal protection or indoors, as well as background medical and preventive functions;

- equipment providing a given type of spa microclimate (in residential and public buildings, medical institutions, vehicle interiors, etc.), i.e. a healthy environment that does not depend on the climatic zone of human habitation, which, in particular, will contribute to more intensive development of regions of the planet that are not suitable for habitation;

- medical masks that completely protect the airspace above the surgical field from infection and at the same time increase the efficiency of health workers, as well as

- generally accessible systems for protecting the population (with personal property and public material values) from chemical and bacteriological weapons;

- modernization (with overcoming technical contradictions) of known devices that have the function of protecting against harmful impurities contained in the air.

The technical task of the present invention is:

- the creation of universal protection of the person from the negative effects of the air flow and, including from it, harmful impurities,

- not having significant medical restrictions on use and providing a long, continuous period of use,

- including conditioning of inhaled air and medical and preventive functions,

- adapting to the real environment;

- supporting the vital activity and performance of the user at a higher level than in vivo,

- intended for military, civil / industrial and domestic applications,

- in individual and collective (stationary and mobile) versions;

- ensuring full protection of technological processes that place high demands on air purity both in industrial production and in various technical devices.

The essential features characterizing the invention

A common feature for all variants of the forms of implementation of the claimed invention, distinguishing them from the analogue, is

"device (" cylindrical boxes "- in analogy," filter boxes "- in well-known gas masks and respirators), directly designed to change the properties (physical and quality), air flow, is a flattened frame (made in the form of a hollow sealed enclosure), the geometric model of which is determined by the surface topography designed to interface with it (i.e., when designing the shape of the frame, the topography of the surface on which it will be placed is taken into account), contains proportional (relative the inlet and outlet (as a rule, slit-shaped air inlets and outlets) for air flow passing along (from the inlet to the outlet) of its inner channel surface (i.e., cavity) that are closely related in size and repeat the configuration) with its cross sections.

The geometric model of the frame - outside and inside is a non-ruled channel surface with generators of a variable type.

The sizes and shape of the frames, depending on the place of their application, vary from compact (individual means), medium (vehicles) to gigantic (buildings).

Special cases of the geometric model of the frame are, for example, a parallelepiped (an adjacent surface is a wall),

hemispherical shape (the frame is designed to be placed on the surface of the user's head or helmet), etc.

Regardless of the embodiment of the invention, the hollow frame has a flattened structure and air ducts located on its two opposite sides (in principle, at the beginning and at the end of a number of functional elements). On one side - to enter the air flow into the cavity of the frame. On the opposite - for its access to the place of consumption.

The inlet and outlet for the air flow, which are slit-shaped openings, are commensurate in area and proportional to the area of the cross-section of the frame in which they are located, i.e. have the maximum possible dimensions, providing a straight-line (without constriction) passage of an air stream uniformly distributed over its internal volume.

The frame is directly designed to change the direction of the air flow (its vector characteristics) and is used independently.

Its air vents are also used to connect devices (for example, external sources of clean air) that improve air exchange.

To change the quality of the passing air flow, i.e. (first of all) removing harmful impurities contained therein and conditioning, the protective agent contains at least one flattened frame along the inner channel surface of which (as a device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow), the functional changes in the quality of the passing air stream are successively installed, functional elements (mainly filters), supplemented with practical expediency (i.e., installed separately if necessary in appropriate op specific purpose models), devices for entering and removing them from the working state (i.e., including them in the cleaning circuit and turning it off).

The protective agent may contain a different number of frames: from one or more.

In individual models, for example, in individual means located on the user's head, as a rule, two frames are contained: on the right and on the left, connected to the mask - on the right and left sides, respectively. Simpler models contain just one wireframe. Complex, multi-purpose protective equipment (for example, in a building, vehicle) simultaneously contains many frames, the connection of which is carried out depending on their specialization and goals, i.e., for example, some of them are in reserve and are used only in certain circumstances.

Functional elements arranged sequentially in a row, from the inlet to the outlet, fill the cavity of the frame.

Functional elements changing the quality of the passing air stream are divided into basic and special purposes.

The main functional elements, mainly designed to protect against harmful impurities contained in the air stream, include:

sorbents and catalysts (activated carbon, ion-exchange materials, hopcalite), filtering and anti-aerosol materials (FPP, porous polyurethane ion), etc.

In a simplified embodiment, the cavity of the frame contains one main functional element, i.e. completely filled with one material, such as activated carbon or a special porous fabric.

In more complex protective equipment, each frame simultaneously contains several basic functional elements. Moreover, they can be all different (highly specialized) or form homogeneous groups, for example, two or more carbon filters, which are switched on alternately or all at once (depending on the required degree of purification or, for example, to quickly replace a dirty filter with a clean one).

Functional elements for special purposes, for example, include:

in designs - heaters / coolers, air ionizers, bactericidal devices;

in personal protective equipment - built-in oxygen sources, special aerosol devices, communication equipment (headphones, microphone);

medical-prophylactic devices (in medical and public institutions, in transport, in individual means), etc.

Related devices and devices include: containers for installing functional elements, mechanisms for their disconnection, auxiliary devices, etc.

Due to the flattened frame, in which (along the inner channel surface) the functional elements are sequentially installed, and its proportional sections, inlet and outlet (slit-like ducts), the air flow passes through the filter (homogeneous or complex) not perpendicular (principle moment!) To its largest plane (or otherwise the largest plane of the frame itself), and in parallel - from one face of the frame to another (in an annular shape - from one circle to the opposite). A functional element (for example, a simple or complex filter) located in the frame repeats in the aggregate the configuration of its cavity, i.e. air flow, passing through its volume (thickness) relatively parallel to the plane of the frame, passes relatively parallel to the plane of this functional element. Thus, in the present invention, air flows through the filter are not perpendicular to its plane (similar to known analogues), but relatively parallel - at an angle close to or equal to 0 °.

If the filter consists of many non-parallel oriented elements (a special case is the links in a paper filter folded in the form of an accordion), then, following the configuration of the flat frame as a whole, it is nevertheless parallel to the general direction of the air flow.

Inhaled (or sucked) air flow enters the air intake of the frame, sequentially passes through the built-in functional elements and exits through the opposite air outlet, then falling into the under-mask space (in personal protective equipment) or inside the structure (room, vehicle, etc. ) or into a device (internal combustion engine).

Each functional element, taking into account practical feasibility, is equipped with a device for inputting and outputting it from the operating state, which allows quickly (on the fly) switching the functional element on or off from the general, consistent air purification and conditioning scheme, i.e. depending on the specific situation, direct the incoming air flow either through the functional element necessary in a specific situation, or (in the simplest way) through an open (bypass) duct. "Practical feasibility" is determined at the stage of development of a specific model of protective equipment. For instance:

- if only occasional use of a functional element is assumed, equipping with this device is advisable;

- if the cost of the protective equipment or the use of a functional element is required, it is necessary in any situation to equip it with such a switch is impractical, etc.

In the shown (reflecting one of the general principal approaches) embodiment, the device for input and output of functional elements from the operating state is a device that opens (or closes) the bypass duct, which is a mechanical damper with an external actuator and manual control brought to the surface of the frame.

Depending on the purpose and principle of use, protective equipment is conditionally divided into individual, collective (in stationary or mobile version) and technological protective equipment.

The main design feature of an individual protective equipment is the presence of a device designed to directly bring the air flow (past the frame cavity) to the respiratory organs of the user, i.e. masks or, for example, mouthpiece.

The main design feature of a collective protective equipment is its built-in design (buildings, vehicles, etc.) and, as a rule, the absence of devices (masks) for individual supply of air flow to the respiratory organs of the user. Technological means of protection are structurally identical to collective ones, but mainly oriented to the protection of technological processes. Their identity allows the use of a protective agent (for example, in industrial production or in a chemical laboratory) at the same time to protect people and technological processes or only to protect the technological process (for example, in an internal combustion engine).

All varieties of protective equipment, depending on the model, have a different shape, size and configuration, are used independently or in conjunction with other devices, with or without functional elements.

An individual general-purpose "means of protection against the negative effects of airflow" is made in the form of a modular design consisting of a removable mask to which frames located on the surface of the user's head and / or body are connected. Externally, it looks like a hat, helmet, item of clothing or accessory.

The cavity of each frame located on the surface of the head is functionally combined with the cavity of the mask (i.e., each frame, connecting with the mask, forms a cavity with it that provides a single function for the protective equipment), which, on the side adjacent to the front surface, has a device (for example, a rhinoceros cutout or mouthpiece) that provides a means of personal protection with the user's respiratory system.

The frames of personal protective equipment, depending on the model, also have different sizes. With minimal dimensions, the air intake openings of the frames (i.e., the air inlet inlets) are located on the side of the head in the immediate vicinity of the mask (for example, near the auricles), and (if the sizes of the frames reach their maximum sizes and they practically touch each other with their inlet openings on the other hand, their airflow inlets form a common air intake opening, which (when placed on the right and left sides of the head) has a slit-like shape.

In an individual protective equipment in the position of an insulating means of long-term use, with a special lock, a cylinder with clean air or, for example, a breathing tube for intake of air above the surface of the water (when working under water for reconnaissance and other purposes) is connected to a common air intake hole. In an insulating (or diving) means of protection for prolonged use, an external source of clean air is connected to a common airway hole (at the base of the head, behind) with a single locking device. For these purposes, all functional elements are removed from the operating state (all bypass ducts are opened), i.e. the frames built into the side walls of the helmet fulfill the role (additional function) of the “corrugated air tubes” between the balloon and the mask. Such an arrangement practically does not hinder the mobility of the user (all protruding elements and structures are located behind or inside the frames).

The principal features of the mask in the claimed invention are its structural similarity to the frame, but different from it in that:

- its mating surface may be only the face of the user;

- the main purpose of the mask is the function of the collector (the module to which heterogeneous objects are connected), i.e. it, unlike the frame, is not “a device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow”;

- the mask has four sides: two lateral, one front (outer) and one back (front) with its inherent purpose.

On the lateral (or right and left) sides of the mask (on which air ducts are located, similar to the frame, proportional to its cross-sectional area), there are docking units for tight connection with the frames (with right and left, respectively).

On the front side (wall) of the mask (due to the lack of additional devices, valves, jacks for connecting tubes, etc.), various auxiliary devices can be located. It is made of material to which requirements other than the frame are presented (for example, maximum sound permeability, aesthetics, injury protection, etc.). The front wall (depending on the model) can be rigid or elastic, transparent, with decorative elements, etc.

The main feature of the back side of the mask - the wall adjacent to the surface of the user's face, is the location on it of a "device that provides communication with the respiratory system", for example, a nasal cavity, i.e. the mask always has at least three openings for passing several air streams simultaneously. The back wall of the mask is made of material providing comfortable wearing protective equipment, taking into account the specifics of the human face (strong, but soft, elastic, absorbent tissue).

In the cavity of the mask (unlike the frame), for example, there are shock absorbing, warming, moisture-absorbing, heat-protective and other purpose gaskets.

In all variants of personal protection, the mask, tightly fitting to the front surface, prevents the penetration (bypassing the air ducts) of the inhaled and exhaled air.

Exhalation valves in individual means are located (depending on ergonomic expediency) under a mask and / or in frames (miniature, several pieces on each side).

Frames and masks are relatively independent structural elements.

To a mask (like a frame) - to its lateral air ducts, devices of different specializations are connected in various combinations:

frames, each of which may contain a certain set of functional elements,

or, for example, an external source of clean air.

An individual protective equipment located on the surface of the head (or body of the user) may contain, in addition to the mask, one or several frames (depending on the complexity of the model).

For example, in the head area:

one frame (on one of the side surfaces),

two frames (left and right),

three frames (the third passes through the forehead and crown),

two or more on each side (located in layers), etc.

On the user's body:

separate frames (for example, designed for various harmful substances) are embedded in outer clothing in the back, chest, sleeves, etc.

The mask can be connected to all frames included in the protection tool, or only part of them. Frames in some models are also used without a mask (for example, they can be connected to the respiratory organs using corrugated tubes connected to a mouthpiece similar to known diving tools).

In most cases, the frame is completely made of airtight, airtight material. In separate (non-removable) versions, its inner wall is formed by a part of the structure with which it is mated (for example, a building wall or helmet surface), i.e. the wall is common to both conjugated structures.

Frames (mainly for military and special purposes) are mounted on a helmet connected using articulated and retractable joints with a mask, which on the front wall has safety protection for the user's face (i.e., the outer wall of the mask is made of shockproof and refractory material or covered special plate) and (in order to improve communication capabilities) sound reinforcing elements (for example, a resonator membrane). The articulated-sliding joints between the mask and the helmet are designed for greater user convenience, allowing not only to remove (unfasten) the mask, but also to open it for a short period, i.e., if necessary, briefly turn off the protection system, ensuring free breathing of the user (for example, during transition between foci of smoke or infection).

The upper edge of the mask and helmet form a tight connection around the points of the glasses. Thanks to the isolation from the mask space, the glasses are protected against fogging.

Mainly for use in production, the outer wall of the mask and glasses are made of a single, transparent material.

In civilian and domestic versions, the mask is completely made of soft, elastic, transparent material, compact, held and pressed to the front surface using elastic fasteners (sewn, for example, into the hood and collar).

The front surface of the personal protective equipment is made of soft, hygroscopic, elastic tissue, i.e., corresponding to the relief of the surface of the head, it does not interfere with the normal functioning of blood vessels and nerve endings, which (combined with a general decrease in breathing resistance) allows it to be used for a long time. The design and appearance of the front wall of the mask are due to ergonomic, functional and aesthetic expediency. Thanks to these features, an individual protective equipment is distinguished by a variety of design, multivariance of technical solutions and industrial designs.

In order to further protect the front surface from the effects of high and low temperatures (for example, during fire fighting or in the conditions of the Arctic), the mask cavity (except for air ducts) is filled with shock-absorbing material with heat-insulating and moisture-absorbing properties. Together with the gaskets of the helmet, they make up the full protection of the entire surface of the head.

Structurally high quality of breathing, complete freedom of movement of the user in personal protective equipment are achieved by:

- the adequacy of environmental protection;

- reducing the amount of harmful masking space up to a slight;

- the maximum possible volume of air paths, limited only by the size of the adjacent surfaces (head and body);

- compactness, lack of adapters, corrugated tubes and other protruding parts.

The possibility of pairing with the relief of any surface allows you to create various versions of personal protective equipment, in which, for example, the frame is placed on the surface of the user's body like a clothing item (jacket lining, coat) or accessory (bag, backpack).

Design polymorphism allows you to embed it in outer clothing without compromising the user's appearance, and therefore be in constant readiness for self-protection from harmful impurities that appear in the surrounding airspace.

Protection options disguised in clothes (jackets, raincoats, special clothing) are offered as a new type of consumer goods intended for the environmental protection of the population (including the traffic police and workers in hazardous industries) from bacteriological and chemical weapons, industrial and domestic pollution, industrial and natural disasters (sandstorms and smoke of forest fires), automobile smog, as well as for therapeutic and anti-epidemic functions (protection against allergens and infections spreading airborne droplets, ambient cure).

The prospective development of protection placed on the surface of the user's body (or, for example, on single-seat submarines) is a key step in the creation of "artificial gills" - devices that allow the use of air dissolved in water or contained in a highly smoky atmosphere directly (without deposition) ( i.e., at oxygen concentrations well below 18%).

Thanks to a wide range of quickly customizable functional elements and transformability of the design, an individual protective equipment combines the functions of a universal gas mask, respirator, personal air conditioner, isolating and diving equipment and is intended not only for military but also for domestic (civilian) conditions.

Individual "means of protection from the negative effects of air flow", intended mainly

for medical, surgical practice or, for example,

for microbiologists and jewelers and

for individual anti-epidemic protection against respiratory viral diseases spread by airborne droplets (influenza, SARS, etc.), characterized in that

a mask with frames (due to their structural similarity) forms an integral design. Otherwise, this option for the development of a protective equipment can be conditionally represented as a “frame mask” (mask plus frames), i.e. a mask in which both sides (right and left) are elongated so much that they smoothly (without any connections) pass into the side frames or as an extension of two side frames until they join in the face to form a mask, or as an extension of one the side frame so that it, bending around the front surface, symmetrically passes to the other side.

A similar protective device ("frame mask") is made for single or multiple use. Consists of two, hermetically connected parts (external and front).

The outer (front) part of the frame mask is made of lightweight airtight material (for example, thin transparent plastic), i.e. it is completely airtight (during breathing there are no air vibrations in front of the mask), which provides complete protection of the surgical field (or any other working field) from the air stream exhaled by the user

and, for example, glasses from fogging. On the upper edge of the front wall (in plastic) there is a special recess for additional fixation of glasses - protection against accidental fall.

The part adjacent to the face area, made of cotton fabric, has a nasal cavity and devices for attaching the mask (tied ribbons or, for example, special fasteners with elastic bands).

External air holes of the frame mask (and frames of all protective equipment options), if necessary, are used to connect devices that improve air exchange.

Through the air duct openings located in the occipital region (simultaneously in the frame mask being the inlet and outlet openings for the air flow), free air exchange is carried out. If necessary, conditioned air is supplied to them (using tubes, for example, from disposable systems) (purified, comfortable temperature and humidity) and expired air is removed. For this purpose, for example, a centralized compressor and vacuum suction are used, which are standardly available in each operating room. In conditions of dangerous infections (in infectious diseases departments, hospitals, laboratories), the air sampling openings are closed with filtering material (for example, antiseptic cotton wool) or it is placed in the cavities of the frames like the main functional elements.

As a development option, instead of air sampling openings (absent, specially closed, or, for example, end-to-end connected), air penetrates into the cavity of the frames through an external (external) wall, which is made of breathable in certain places (for example, in the posterolateral areas) material i.e.

the outer wall (frame) contains filter material (for example, gauze).

Ultimately, in a medical mask made in the form of a frame, the combination of the functions of a conventional cotton mask, an insulating agent, and a personal air conditioner is achieved.

This version of the protective equipment allows, at the same time, significantly improving the breathing conditions of the doctor, to increase its working capacity and protection against infections and at the same time to ensure maximum sterility of the air space above the surgical field. those. ultimately expand the capabilities of surgical medicine.

In a helmet of a military, specialized or sports purpose, frames (for additional protection or camouflage and depending on the climatic zone) are placed on the external or internal surface of the helmet or are built between its walls.

The mask, which forms articulated and retractable articulations with the helmet also from the side adjacent to the front surface, has a device that provides the connection of personal protective equipment with the respiratory system of the user (nasal cavity). Its cavity (except for the lateral air ducts) is filled with a shock-absorbing pad, so that the mask fits tightly (including the lower jaw) to the front surface. From its outer wall made of a traumatic material, the physical effect is transmitted (damped) to the helmet.

In a simplified version (helmet), the frames do not contain filter material, and the air intake openings, facing in the opposite direction from the oncoming air stream, protect the respiratory system from sand, dirt and other harmful substances.

In order to overcome extreme physical loads and quickly adapt to them in a professional protective equipment (sports, special forces), special-purpose functional elements are added to the frames, adapting the composition of the inhaled air mixture to the changing physiological state of a person.

This option protective means differs wide transformation capabilities, significantly increases the efficiency, combat effectiveness and physical endurance of the user.

Having no direct analogues, a collective (maskless or built-in) "means of protection against the negative effects of air flow" is intended

- to protect against any harmful substances contained in the air stream entering the enclosed space or vehicle;

- for environmental protection of citizens (in their own homes, public places and vehicles) from chemical and bacteriological weapons, technological disasters and epidemics;

- for the technical protection of the internal space of any enclosed spaces from the accumulation of dust and other harmful substances in them;

- for regular, automatic removal of dust, cigarette smoke, bacterial and other contaminants from enclosed spaces, as well as

- to adapt the airspace of the enclosed space to the individual needs of each person in it and / or to the technological processes occurring in it.

A collective protective equipment is characterized in that it is built into the structure and includes a device designed to intensify insufficient air exchange and remove harmful impurities beyond its (design) limits.

Under the design should be understood:

(in collective protective equipment) a building, premises, vehicle, etc., i.e. any structure enclosed in space in which a person and / or

(in technological means of protection) an enclosed space with a working mechanism (production line, car engine, etc.).

The main element of collective and technological protective equipment built into the structure is also a device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow, in the form of a flattened frame (one or more) with installed functional elements, complemented by practical devices for their input and output from working condition.

Frames are placed, for example,

- in a car design:

above / under the roof, under the hood, under the bottom, in the side doors, etc .;

- in the building structure:

on the wall, ceiling, under the floor of the room, in different rooms, etc.

Frames are built into the structure when they are created: during the construction of a building, assembly of a car, etc. or

are formed from elements of the structure itself (from the walls of the building, parts of the car body, etc.) or

are installed indoors separately (manufactured by industry as consumer goods). Dimensions and configuration of the frames are determined by the size and configuration of the adjacent (mating) surfaces (walls of the room, vehicle body).

To communicate with the external environment, a similar hole (for example, in a building) is located in front of the air intake opening of the frame (air flow inlet) along a window opening or along a specially made gap in the wall.

Naturally, air enters the frame and then through the air outlet (outlet for air flow) into the room due to the oncoming air flow, leeward side, deflector, etc.

A device designed to intensify insufficient air exchange and remove harmful impurities outside the premises as applied to collective (stationary or mobile) and technological means of protection includes air intakes (dust collectors) connected by a network of tubes connected to an exhaust unit.

The protective equipment built into the design fundamentally differs from the individual in the absence of a personal supply of clean air. After passing through the frame, the air flow does not fall under the mask, but into the internal volume of the structure (directly or through special air ducts). Conditionally, it can be attributed to a maskless type of protection against the harmful effects of air flow or to a collective one.

In the internal volume of the structure (in places of accumulation and formation of dust and other contaminants or evenly throughout the volume), compact air intakes (dust collectors) with dampers (like air valves) are placed, connected by a common network of tubes.

To intensify insufficient air exchange, i.e. ensuring the active penetration of air into the room from the frame and imparting laminarity to the air flows, an adjustable negative pressure is provided inside the structure using, for example, an external exhaust fan, vacuum suction, etc. Fresh air is drawn in from the frame, passing through the internal volume of the room and capturing harmful substances along the way, breaking into streams, rushing to open air intakes. Further, polluted air is discharged outside the internal volume of the structure. Thus, the effect of laminar, controlled air flows is achieved.

Like individual protection in the built-in frame, functional elements (basic and special purposes) are also installed, but significantly larger in volume and more diverse in terms of tasks:

a) for protection against chemical and bacterial weapons of the premises;

b) for cleaning (in the range: from coarse to sterile) of air flows from harmful impurities and

c) to impart to the air environment a closed room in a building or vehicle (regardless of the ecological state of the environment) of properties of almost any level: from a spa microclimate to psycho-modeling ones (for example, for the purpose of demonstrating advertising video products, films, theater compositions, etc. selectively affecting the organs of smell and touch of each viewer, taking into account his gender, age, nationality, etc.).

Standardly, inside the frame (in buildings), special-purpose functional elements are installed in the air flow path: central or autonomous heating / cooling radiators.

In contrast to the well-known ventilation and air conditioning systems in rooms and vehicles (using adjustable dust collectors and an exhaust unit), conditions are created for the dosed and directed exposure of the air to any given point in space.

Which allows, for example,

a) carry out a selective therapeutic effect on each patient (in intensive care rooms, burns and infectious wards) and at the same time preventive (protective) on the nursing staff;

b) provide protection against the spread of airborne infection, odors, etc. between nearby people (in conference rooms, theaters, medical institutions, transport);

c) to implement the conditions for smoking in restaurants, cinemas and other public places without harming others;

d) to provide local cleaning and conditioning of the airspace at a high-tech production and, for example, silent cooling (instead of ventilation) of microprocessors in computer technology (from home to super-computers), etc.

In everyday conditions, due to the continuous (in automatic mode) removal of dust, sand from street shoes and other pollution that constantly forms in the room, the problem of regular cleaning is practically eliminated, which is especially important for public, medical institutions (saving human resources) and vehicles.

When the vehicle is parked (with the engine running) in a cabin equipped with built-in protection, the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, for example, asleep people or animals, is eliminated.

In a collective (stationary) protective device intended, for example, for medical institutions, the frames are additionally equipped (in addition to the standard equipment) with ionizers, bactericidal and aerosol (medical and preventive) devices operating in automatic or manual modes.

A set of additional devices and controlled air flows around the clock, personally for each patient in the ward, provide:

protection against airborne infections,

therapeutic effects of the surrounding air and

non-contact diagnosis, reducing the need for medical staff and automating the healing process.

Protection established, for example,

in closed prams, designed to transport children in environmentally hazardous places or

in means of transportation of infectious patients - for anti-epidemic protection, suffering from allergies, immunosuppression, etc.

In vehicles, it is provided (in addition to protection from automobile smog, dust and other harmful substances), for example, adaptation of the air environment of the passenger compartment to the personal state of the driver and each passenger (resort microclimate, prevention of reduced driver attention, background treatment).

Etc.

In a built-in protective device without functional elements installed separately, the frame acts as a “window” for round-the-clock ventilation, which prevents unauthorized entry into the room (in the absence of tenants or with children lying in it) or, for example, protects from fatal overheating in the sun animals left in the vehicle, etc.

In the maximum configuration, a stationary protective equipment combines the functions of a collective (and / or technological - in production) gas mask, air conditioner, automatic vacuum cleaner, exhaust ventilation, and treatment and prophylactic device operating in continuous, discrete, automatic or programmable modes.

In vehicles (personal, public, special purpose and military) "means of protection from the harmful effects of the air flow" perform all the same functions, but in a mobile version.

With the continuous functioning of environmental protection in an enclosed space in which new pollution does not form, the air gradually becomes more clean, and with bactericidal devices, it becomes almost sterile, which is important, for example, in robotic microprocessor production, in biochemical production, etc. .;

in medical institutions: for operating rooms and wards / boxes requiring round-the-clock bactericidal regimen (safe for others, automatically controlled);

in astronautics - to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances and microorganisms in hermetically sealed, inhabited devices, etc.

The presented development options for the invention mainly relate to consumer and industrial goods:

personal protective equipment, military equipment, work clothing, equipment for vehicles and buildings, medical equipment, and components of machinery and equipment.

To achieve the best environmental effects from the use of built-in protective equipment, household goods with fundamentally new consumer properties are also recommended: furniture, carpets, car seats, etc. with integrated (camouflaged) air intakes and ducts.

With sufficient distribution of various options of “means of protection against the negative effects of the air flow”, the global task of environmental protection (including chemical and bacteriological weapons) of the entire population of the country (or many countries) is ultimately carried out. Moreover, the achievement of this result not only does not burden the state budget, but also significantly supplements it (stimulating private investment and export - especially to potential "target countries for international terrorism"), which from an economic point of view is one of the significant advantages of the presented invention in several ways its execution.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 represents an individual means of protection from the negative effects of air flow, placed on the outer surface of the helmet - military and industrial use, front view, the front wall of the mask is made of traumatic material.

Figure 2 is the same, rear view, arrows show the directions of air flows: from the inlets forming a common air intake hole, through the side frames (right and left), into the mask space.

Figure 3 - diagram of the placement of functional elements in the frame on the example of the personal protective equipment shown in figures 1, 2, the arrows show the passage of the stream of inhaled air through sequentially arranged, functional elements, the highlighted line of arrows shows the general principle of operation of one of the circuit breakers of the functional element .

Figure 4 - an individual means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow, placed on the surface of the user's body (in outer clothing), for clarity, a cutout is made above the functional elements, arrows indicate the direction of flow of the inhaled air passing through the functional elements of the frame, air ducts built into a collar (the simplest version), and further into the masking space, a translucent (design option) mask is fastened to elastic ribbons sewn into the hood and collar.

Figure 5 - an individual means of protection against the negative effects of air flow, in which the mask with frames forms an integral structure - intended mainly for medical purposes (one of the design options is shown), the outer wall is made of a light, airtight, transparent material (polymer ), the inner wall adjacent to the front surface is made of elastic material (textiles), has a device that provides a means of protection with the respiratory system of the user (nasal cavity), etc. sposoblenie for attaching the mask (knotted ribbon), the arrows indicate the direction of flow of inspired (light) and exhaled (dark color) of air, in a separate window shows a schematic connection diagram (by using pipes of disposable systems) to the outer airway holes scaffolds devices that improve breathability.

6 - a sports helmet with an individual means of protection against the negative effects of the air flow, in which the frames (in the smallest dimensions) are used without functional elements, the arrows show the direction of air flow during breathing, in a separate window the configuration of the cavity of the frame with a protective gasket for the lower jaw and nasolabial notch on the wall of the mask adjacent to the front surface, for clarity, a cut is made in the outer (traumatic) wall of the mask.

7 is a schematic drawing of a collective (stationary) means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow built into the structure (building), consisting of a frame placed on the wall inside the room, and a device (network of air intakes connected to an exhaust fan) designed to intensify insufficient air exchange and removal of harmful impurities outside the premises, dimensions and layout are arbitrary, dark arrows indicate the direction of air flow from the surrounding space through the slit-shaped hole located in the wall (along the window opening) and combined with it, the frame inlet, then the air flow passes through successively arranged functional elements and through the outlet opens directly into the interior volume of the room, white arrows indicate the general principle of the formation of laminar flows inside the room , air intakes (dust collectors), united by a network of tubes, are placed in baseboards, under the flooring and inside a special carpet, It is connected to an external unit - an exhaust device, gray arrows indicate the exit from the room of air streams with collected harmful substances (dust, cigarette smoke, etc.), dashed lines indicate the possible dimensions of the frame in this example, the switching circuit of functional elements is not shown.

Fig. 8 is a collective (mobile) means of protection from the negative effects of air flow built into the structure (vehicle), shows the options for placing frames in a car: under the hood and on the roof, arrows show the direction of air flows, from the external environment they pass through functional frame elements and through the duct system: tubular body cavities and cooling radiators (under the bottom) - into the general air mixer, then into the car interior and then with the harmful substances collected along the way through the network into air inlets (arranged randomly in the diagram) into the external environment, an exhaust unit (fan) is located under the luggage compartment, a circuit for switching functional elements is not shown.

The implementation of the invention

Individual "means of protection from the negative effects of air flow" is depicted in figures 1-6.

Collective (built-in) "means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow" - in figures 7, 8.

Designations in the figures:

1 - frame;

2 - an entrance for an air stream (air inlet);

3 - output for air flow (air outlet);

4 - a common air intake hole;

5 - functional elements;

6 - devices for input and output of functional elements from the working state;

7 - mask;

8 - inner (back) wall of the protective equipment (in the mask - the side adjacent to the front surface);

9 - outer (front) wall of the protective equipment;

10 - a device that provides the connection of personal protective equipment with the respiratory system of the user (shown option is a nasal cutout);

11-14 - a device for the intensification of insufficient air exchange and removal of harmful impurities outside the structure;

11 - air intake (dust collector);

12 - a network of air ducts;

13 - unit (exhaust fan);

14 - mixer.

In the means of protection against the negative effects of air flow, the main structural element is a device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow, which is a flattened frame (1). Its geometric model is determined by the surface topography designed to interface with it (the model). In figure 1, 2 such a surface for the frame is a helmet. In Fig. 4, the frame is placed on the surface of the user's body like a clothing item (located under the outer fabric of outer clothing), i.e. in this embodiment, the mating surface is the back region of the user. In individual means of protection for civil and domestic purposes, the frames in the aggregate and in form form a headdress (like a helmet, hat, hood), i.e. the relief of the mating surface is formed by the surface of the user's head. 5, 6, the mating surface is formed mainly by the front of the user's head. In Fig.7 - the wall of the building. In Fig.8 - the car body.

The frame consists of an inner (8) and an outer (9), hermetically connected to each other or passing into each other walls forming a cavity. The inner wall (back side) is adjacent to the mating surface. The outer wall (usually the visible part) includes the front side and two side: upper and lower (Fig.1-7) or right and left (Fig.8). On the other two sides of the front wall of the frame (on its opposite faces), an inlet (2) and an outlet (3) for the air flow passing along the inner channel surface of its cavity, commensurate with its sections, are contained.

The protective agent may contain a different number of frames (from one, two to three, four or more), depending on the specific model. In figure 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, the protective equipment contains two frames. In figure 4, 7 - one at a time. In such structures as, for example, a building, the protective equipment may contain a number of frames, approximately equal to the number of rooms, etc.

Figure 2 shows the frames located on the right and left surfaces of the helmet, which reach their maximum dimensions, and their air flow inlets, almost touching, form a common air intake hole (4). Outside, it is covered by a light-duty coarse filter to protect it from rain, dirt, sand and can be removed on the go (for replacement, cleaning or removal).

For short-term isolation from the environment (in specialized protective equipment with integrated oxygen sources), the common air intake opening is hermetically sealed with a plug (or fastened).

The air ducts of the frame (Fig. 5), if necessary, are used to connect devices that improve air exchange in the protective agent.

In special models (for example, in an insulating personal protective equipment for medical purposes), there are no air sampling openings or they are closed with plugs, and the air inlet is the outer wall of the frame, which (in some places, for example, on the side surfaces of the head is closer to the back of the head) contains (instead of an airtight polymer) filter material.

Along the inner channel surface of the frame (Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8), functional elements (5) that change the quality of the passing air stream are successively installed. In personal protective equipment (Figs. 1-6), when inhaling, air (in all cases shown by arrows) penetrates through the air inlet (2, 4) into the cavity of the frame, sequentially passes the functional elements (5) and leaves through the air-outlet (3).

If necessary (taking into account practical feasibility), the functional elements are supplemented with devices (6) for inputting and outputting ("on / off") them from the operating state, which (in the shown example) are air shutters of the bypass duct. Figure 3 (dimensions and proportions are arbitrary) schematically shows the simplest option for controlling functional elements using a system of dampers (6). When one of them opens, the air flow rushes bypassing the currently irrelevant functional element - through the free air duct, i.e. along the path of least resistance to air flow, thus reducing the overall resistance to breathing.

The cavity of each frame placed on the surface of the head is functionally combined with the cavity of the mask (7), i.e. they form a common channel surface.

For the mask (Figs. 4-6), the inner wall is the side adjacent to the front surface on which there is a device (10) that provides an individual means of protection with the respiratory system of the user, for example, a nasal cavity, around which there is a sealing cuff or roller (not shown). When moving to the position of the insulating means (figure 1) instead of the cuff or in addition to it, if necessary, a mouthpiece is installed.

The front wall of the mask in individual models (figures 1, 6) has a safety protection (for example, made of hard alloy or composite material).

In individual models of personal protective equipment (FIGS. 5, 6), the mask with each frame forms an integral structure, i.e. unlike the model in figures 1, 2 they are inseparable. Figure 5 (in a separate window) shows a medical mask in which external air ducts are used to connect devices that improve air exchange, namely elastic pipes (for example, from disposable systems) are supplied to them, one of which is supplied with conditioned air, another discharged contaminated.

The property of the frame to interface with any surface allows the means of protection from the harmful effects of air flow to be embedded in any structure, for example, a building (Fig. 7) or a vehicle (Fig. 8). In the means of protection against the negative effects of the collective airflow (Figs. 7, 8), air from the environment enters the frames (1), passes through functional elements (5) for various purposes (filters, heaters, air ionizers, etc.) and further inside the room (room in the building, interior in the vehicle).

In the event that the probability of periodic occurrence of insufficient air exchange inside the structure or for safety is allowed, the protective device is equipped with a device (11-14) designed to intensify insufficient air exchange and remove harmful impurities beyond its (structure) limits.

A similar device consists of air intakes (dust collectors) (11), which are connected by a network of air ducts (12). The total cross-sectional area of the dust collectors is comparable to or larger than the area of the air outlet (s) of the frame (s) (3). Stationarily in buildings, the air ducts of the network are mounted in skirting boards, under flooring, in a false ceiling, walls, etc. Mobile: in tubular furniture (for example, special tables, chairs for smokers in public places, beds for infectious patients), special self-cleaning carpets (suctioning dust and dirt from street shoes), etc. Dust collectors open or close with plugs manually (cheap option) or remotely (automatically) taking into account the areas of greatest pollution.

In vehicles, a stationary network of air tubes is integrated in the housing or consists of elements of the housing itself. Mobile - in floor mats, seats, under the skin, under the front panel, i.e. air intakes are also located in the alleged locations of the greatest pollution of the cabin.

If the air flows are designed for different temperatures, then from the frames they are previously sent to the mixer (14) - shown in the example of Fig. 8.

The network of tubes in the built-in protective device (Figs. 7, 8) is connected to the exhaust unit (13). located outside the premises (or car interior). As a result of the thrust created by it, the air mass inside the structure, distributed into individual laminar flows (by the number of open dust collectors or air ducts), is shown in the form of white arrows, it is brought out (with dust and other contaminants). In place of the outside of the structure air, a fresh, cleaned one rushes into the room from the frames; the mass of clean air, as it were, displaces the mass of polluted, practically without mixing with it, which fundamentally distinguishes the built-in protection from ventilation systems.

Air flows (pre-cleaned, air-conditioned and with new useful properties) are distributed from the outlet of the frame (3) throughout the interior of the room (cabin) and are directed to dust collectors (11). Capturing along the way the harmful substances that accumulate in the room, and distributed into smaller streams (by the number of open air intakes), the newly polluted air laminar flows out of the room. Thus, the environmental status of the enclosed space is gradually improving. The process of self-cleaning of the entire space of the room takes place, up to its complete sterility (depending on the configuration of the functional elements and the nature of the pollution sources).

Naturally (with the exhaust device turned off), air enters into stationary rooms from outside due to the leeward side or by means of a deflector. In mobile devices, in addition, and due to the oncoming air flow - during movement.

An emergency (without exhaust system) air exchange activation system (mainly for special vehicles) is not shown.

Private moments and explanations to the above.

The hole of the frame (3) for the exit of the air flow (figure 2). located on the left side of the helmet, is docked with the left-hand air hole of the mask commensurate with it (7), which is shown in the working position, i.e. attached to both (right and left) frames. On the right side of the helmet - identical view.

Figures 5, 6 show the use cases of frames without functional elements, in which the air flow inlets simultaneously act as "inspiration and expiration valves".

In a sports helmet (if necessary, in order to improve the dynamics of air exchange), the cavity of the frame is fully or partially composed of longitudinal, air-guiding channels, each of which, moving away from the mask fan-shaped, is directed along an independent path (not shown).

On Fig shows a variant of saving energy costs for air conditioning inside the car. One frame is placed under the hood (partially or completely, it can also be used as an air filter for an internal combustion engine), i.e. above a hot engine, warming the air flow passing through the functional elements, which is then sent to the mixer (14).

Cooled air is also directed from the frame located on the roof (or on the side walls of the body, doors, under the bottom of the car), which simultaneously ventilates and dries the internal cavities of the car body (corrosion prevention). Under the bottom of the car (where there is always a shadow, blown by an oncoming air stream, rain water, snow), the air tubes are additionally cooled.

An exhaust device (13), located in or under the luggage compartment, is switched on only when there is insufficient traction (for example, sleeplessness in the parking lot) and to carry out active cleaning and drying of the passenger compartment, i.e. mainly an auxiliary device.

Literature

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1784234, cl. A 62 B 18/04, publ. 12/30/92.

Claims (9)

1. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow, comprising a device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow, devices for its intake and bringing to the place of consumption, characterized in that the device directly designed to change the properties of the air flow is a flattened frame, the geometric model of which is determined by the surface topography designed to interface with it contains an inlet and outlet for air otok extending along an inner surface of a canal. 2. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air stream according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one flattened frame, along the inner channel surface of which functional elements are added that change the quality of the passing air flow, supplemented with practical devices for input and bringing them out of working condition. 3. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cavity of each frame located on the surface of the head is functionally combined with the cavity of the mask, which, on the side adjacent to the front surface, has a device that provides an individual connection protective equipment with respiratory organs of the user, and their inlets for the air flow form a common air intake hole. 4. A means of protection from the negative effects of air flow according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the frames are mounted on a helmet connected by articulated-sliding joints with a mask that has a safety protection and sound reinforcing elements. 5. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame is placed on the surface of the user's body like a clothing item or accessory. 6. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the mask with each frame forms an integral structure. 7. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air flow according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is built into the structure and includes a device designed to intensify insufficient air exchange and remove harmful impurities beyond its limits. 8. The means of protection from the negative effects of the air stream according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that its air ducts are used to connect devices that improve air exchange. 9. A means of protection against the negative effects of the air stream according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that its outer wall contains filter material.

Images