RU2239759C1 - Method for operation of automatic small arms for firing by high-power ammunition and weapon based on it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms, applicable in making of constructions for firing by ammunition with a high recoil momentum.

SUBSTANCE: the automatic small arms has a barrel with a cartridge chamber for placement of ammunition in it, bolt and a box. The barrel is installed for forward motion in the longitudinal guides of the box and is kinematically linked with the bolt by means of a mechanism for translational motion of the barrel simultaneously with the bolt in opposite directions. The method for operation of the automatic small arms in the process of firing by high-power ammunition consists in motion of the bolt spring-loaded by the return spring under the action of the recoil momentum, this motion is retarded by an increase of the reduced mass of the automatic movable system due to the use of a spring-loaded movable barrel kinematically linked with the bolt, simultaneously providing for motion of the bolt and reducing the motion and the speed of the bolt.

EFFECT: enhanced total reduced mass of the movable system, adjustable both to the higher and lower sides, provided barrel and bolt motion in opposite directions with a reduced motion and speed of the bolt.

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Description

The invention relates to small arms and can be used to create structures for firing ammunition with a high recoil momentum.

Known is taken as a prototype method for the operation of automatic small arms during firing with powerful ammunition, including the movement of the bolt back under the influence of a recoil pulse, accompanied by compression of the return spring, and the simultaneous movement of a spring-loaded movable barrel kinematically connected with the bolt (see the work of a self-loading pistol, RU patent 2173436 C2, class F 41 C 3/00, 09/10/2001, col. 4).

Known automatic small arms (for example, a self-loading pistol), taken as a prototype, containing a box, spring-loaded with the ability to provide mobility, a barrel with a chamber for placing ammunition in it, kinematically connected with the bolt, and a return spring (see patent RU 2173438 C2, CL F 41 C 3/00, 09/10/2001).

The disadvantages of the known method and device are as follows: the shutter speed is greater than the length of the ammunition, to ensure the supply of the next ammunition from the weapon store. In addition, the kinematic connection of the barrel and the bolt during firing is mainly carried out by means of a return spring, which requires a sufficiently sick mass of the bolt to prevent its rapid displacement relative to the barrel and rupture of the sleeve at high pressure in the barrel. The above disadvantages worsen the overall dimensions of the weapon, and limit the possibility of using the system when creating weapon models.

The proposed group of inventions solves the problem of creating automatic weapon systems for firing powerful ammunition in a wider field of application without significantly complicating the design of the weapon, while reducing its overall dimensions.

The technical result obtained by using the proposed group of inventions is as follows: to reduce the mass of the bolt of the weapon, the magnitude of its movement in the box, reducing the length and mass of the box and weapons in the grandfather.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of operation of small arms during firing with powerful ammunition, including the backward movement of the bolt under the influence of a recoil pulse, accompanied by compression of the return spring, and the simultaneous movement of the spring-loaded movable barrel kinematically connected with the bolt, new is that spring-loaded movable barrel give movement in the opposite direction of the shutter movement.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an automatic small arms containing a box, spring-loaded with the possibility of mobility of the barrel with a chamber for placing ammunition in it, kinematically connected with the bolt, and a return spring, the new is that the kinematic connection of the barrel with the bolt is carried out by a mechanism that provides simultaneous translational movement of the barrel and the shutter in opposite directions.

Distinctive features of the group of inventions is that the mechanical connection of the barrel and the bolt connects them to a common inertial system, limiting their divergence during high pressure in the barrel channel at the desired speed and accelerating their movement in the future. The attachment of the mass of the barrel to the mass of the shutter by means of mechanical coupling allows to reduce the mass of the shutter. When the spring-loaded movable barrel moves in the opposite direction to the bolt movement, the barrel and bolt slide apart to feed the next munition into the bolt, and the amount of movement and the shutter speed decreases.

Technical solutions with features that distinguish the claimed solutions from prototypes are not known and explicitly does not follow from the prior art. This allows us to assume that the claimed solutions are new and have an inventive step.

The proposed method is carried out using automatic small arms.

Figure 1 shows an automatic small arms with the position of the parts of the automatics before the shot (in a perspective view); figure 2 - with the position of the parts of the automatics when fired.

Automatic small arms contains a barrel 1 with a chamber for placing ammunition and a bolt 2, movably mounted in the longitudinal guides of the box 3. The barrel 1 is spring-loaded back by a spring 4, compressed between the shoulder 5 of the barrel and the front of the box 3 (in the area of the hole 10), the shutter 2 is pressed forward by a spring 6 located in the bore of the shutter and resting by the rear cond on the back plate 7 installed in the sockets 8 of the box 3. The barrel 1 is kinematically connected with the shutter 2 through a mechanism for translating the barrel at the same time continuously with the closure in different directions, the mechanism is designed as a lever 9. The lever 9 mounted axle 11 in the lateral duct 12 opening 3 rotatably. The upper trunnion 13 of the lever 9 is adjacent to the rear surface of the trunnion 14 of the shutter 2, and the lower trunnion 15 of the lever is adjacent to the rear surface of the trunnion 16 of barrel 1. The extraction and reflection mechanisms of the spent sleeve, the supply of ammunition to the sending line are not shown in FIG. 1 and 2 .

The proposed method of operation of automatic small arms is implemented as follows.

Before the shot, the ammunition 17 (see Fig. 1) is located in the bolt 2 on the line of sending to the barrel. The shutter 2 is in the rear position, the barrel 1 is in the forward position, pressed back by the spring 4 against the pin 15 of the lever 9, the rotation of which is prevented by the pin 14 of the shutter 2. When the shutter 2 moves forward along the arrow “B” under the action of the spring 6 (see Fig. 1) there is a dispatch of ammunition 17 in the chamber. The lever 9, being released by the pin 14, is pivoted by the pin 16 of the barrel 1, moving back along the arrow “G” under the action of the spring 4. When the bolt does not reach the front position, the ammunition capsule is broken and a shot is fired. When fired, the pressure force of the powder gases acts on the bottom of the sleeve, through it to the shutter 2, while the roll-off energy of the mobile system (barrel, lever, shutter) is first extinguished, and then the shutter accelerates in the opposite direction in the direction “A” (with the remaining pulse of the powder gases) ( see figure 2). The shutter 2 acts by the pin 14 on the pin 13 of the lever 9, which, turning on the axis 11 in the box 3, moves the barrel 1 forward along the arrow “B”, in the direction of the shot. With the indicated movement of the barrel and the shutter, they compress their return springs 4 and 6, which reduce the speed of the moving system and accumulate energy for the next automation cycle, is not given in the description due to their wide variety and popularity.

When automatic weapons are used during firing, the proposed method adds the mass of the barrel and the lever to the mass of the bolt, and the resistance of the return spring of the barrel is added to the force of the return spring of the bolt, resulting in a significant increase in the total reduced mass of the mobile system, which can also be adjusted to a large or the smaller side by the ratio of the shoulders of the lever. Since in this case the movement of the barrel and the bolt is carried out in opposite directions (sliding), this makes it possible to reduce the length of the box and the total mass of the weapon.

When developing specific types of weapons, the system presented in the description, without changing the essence, can be structurally transformed depending on the type of ammunition and its impulse characteristics, design requirements presented to the weapon. For example, the reverse stroke of the barrel under the action of the spring 4 can be carried out independently of the shutter after the latter has been rolled back and used to drive the cartridge belt feed mechanism.

Claims (2)

1. The method of operation of automatic small arms during firing with powerful ammunition, including the backward movement of the bolt under the influence of a recoil pulse, accompanied by compression of the return spring, and the simultaneous movement of the spring-loaded movable barrel kinematically connected with the bolt, characterized in that the spring-loaded movable barrel is imparted in the opposite direction shutter movement direction. 2. Automatic small arms containing a box, spring-loaded with the possibility of ensuring the mobility of the barrel with a chamber for placing ammunition in it, kinematically connected with the bolt, and a return spring, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the barrel with the bolt is carried out by means of a mechanism that provides simultaneous translational movement of the barrel and shutter in opposite directions.

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