RU2229894C2 - Method for vaccinoprophylaxis of viral diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary immunology. SUBSTANCE: the suggested method deals with injecting glycopin as 0.2%-solution at the dosage of 1.5-2.0 ml 12-18 h before immunization with polyvalent vaccine and twice at 24-h-long interval after immunization. The method enables to increase prophylactic efficiency of vaccination at the background of natural virus-bearing. This method could be applied for preventing sickness with mixed viral infections in calves. EFFECT: higher efficiency of prophylaxis. 4 ex, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary immunology, relates to a method for vaccination of viral diseases of calves and can be used to prevent the incidence of calves with mixed viral infections caused, for example, parainfluenza virus 3 HSV-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis VIRT.

It has been established that a significant role in the occurrence of respiratory infections is played by IRT, PG-3 viruses, diarrhea, adenoviruses, etc. The combination of viral agents that cause respiratory diseases can be different. Often parainfluenza-3 PG-3 occurs in conjunction with infectious rhinotracheitis IRT. In this case, complication can be observed by stress factors that reduce the body's resistance, and in the case of infectious rhinotracheitis, stress factors provoke the disease.

To ensure the normal development of the calf, an important link in the formation of specific protection is the transfer of passive immunity to the active introduction of pathogens or metabolic products into the body in a fully active, weakened or inactivated form in order to induce it to an active protective reaction and the formation of immunoglobulins.

Known methods of vaccine prophylaxis of PG-3 and IRT using live combination vaccines, for example, the bivalent “BIVAC” (against PG-3 and IRT) or the trivalent “TRIVAC” (against PG-3, IRT and VD-BS) [1]. When vaccinating young cattle, colostral immunity is of great importance. The higher the level of colostrum antibodies AT, the more difficult it is to achieve the desired immunizing effect. A single vaccination of calves with colostrum AT does not cause an increase in serum AT titers. An increase in AT occurs only after revaccination. It is known that immunological reactivity, i.e. the body's ability to respond with immunity mechanisms to foreign antigens is a genetically adaptive process that is closely associated with resistance.

However, the known methods of vaccine prophylaxis are ineffective against the background of natural virus carrying due to insufficient immunity due to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies in calves. Thus, our studies conducted in farms of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, which are long-term unsuccessful in viral respiratory diseases of calves (in the serum of calves, HSV-3 and VIRT were detected in 87.5 and 77.5% of cases, respectively), revealed immunodeficiency in clinically healthy calves 20- daily age (table 1).

As can be seen from table 1, in clinically healthy calves, immune disorders are noted, in particular T-lymphopenia, a sharp decrease in the indices of natural resistance, which indicates a decrease in the adaptation syndrome.

The purpose of the invention is improving efficiency.

This goal is achieved by the use of glycopin in the form of a 0.2% solution before and after vaccination.

Glycopin is a synthetic drug of natural origin (a common repeating fragment of the cell wall of all bacteria), the active principle of which is N-acetyl-glucoaminyl-N-acetyl-muramyl-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (GMDP). Currently, the nonspecific immunostimulating effect of GMDP, which activates the cells of the phagocytic system, is known [2].

GMDP under the pharmaceutical name “lycopid” is used in medical practice for secondary immunodeficiency states [3].

The method is as follows.

12-18 hours before and twice with an interval of 24 hours after vaccination, glycopin is intramuscularly administered in the form of a 0.2% solution at a dose of 1.5-2.0 ml.

The novelty of the claimed method for the vaccination of viral diseases of calves on the background of natural virus carrier is the use of glycopine in the form of a 0.2% solution before and after immunization with the vaccine according to the original dose-modifying scheme for activating the cells of the phagocytic system, which leads to the stimulation of the synthesis of cytokines that enhance the formation of AT and increasing the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, which ensures the stability of the immunogenesis process and the balance of its regulatory mechanisms zm and indicates the presence of "inventive step".

The effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis with the use of glycopin in the form of a 0.2% solution was determined under conditions of an economy that was long-term inadequate for viral respiratory diseases of calves with confirmed circulation of HSV-3 (87.5%) and VIRT (77.5%).

Clinically, the disease was characterized by an increase in body temperature to 41.3 ° C with abundant serous-mucous discharge from the nose and foamy compartment, dry cough, and depression of the general condition. At the opening of the forcedly killed calves, pathological changes were observed in the respiratory organs: catarrh of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, mucopurulent in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, serous-purulent exudate in the lumens of the trachea and bronchi; accumulations of serous exudate in the abdominal and thoracic cavities; affected areas from blue-red to gray, enlarged, dense; the cut surface is moist, when pressing, the separation of a large amount of turbid liquid; mediastinal lymph nodes are swollen and permeated with hemorrhages; intestinal mucosa swollen and hemorrhage.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. The effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis, depending on the dose of glycopene, was determined on the conditions of farms that were long-term unsuccessful for viral respiratory diseases on 30-day-old calves that had low titers of maternal antibodies in two series of experiments. In each series, 4 groups of calves were formed according to the principle of analogues - 3 experimental, 1 - control. In the first series of experiments, calves of all groups were immunized with the BIVAC multivalent vaccine against PG-3 and IRT, which was administered intranasally at a dose of 2.0 ml, 1.0 ml into each nostril to a depth of 5-7 cm. After 21 days, revaccination. The calves of the experimental groups 12 hours before and twice with an interval of 24 hours after vaccination were injected intramuscularly with glycopine in the form of a 0.2% solution at a dose of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 ml. In the second series of experiments, all calves were immunized with subcutaneous administration of the TRIVAC vaccine against PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in a dose of 2.0 ml. Revaccination was carried out after 21 days. The calves of the experimental groups were additionally injected with glycopine, as in the first series of experiments. The calves were monitored taking into account the number of diseased calves and the outcome of the disease. The results are presented in table 2.

The data in table 2 confirm the validity of the dose of glycopine. It was found that glycopin in a dose of 1.5-2.0 ml provided stable results in reducing the incidence compared with the control. Increasing the dose led to an increase in the incidence rate, which made it inappropriate.

Example 2. The effectiveness of immunization was evaluated by the intensity of immunity and indicators of natural resistance in dynamics in 2 series of experiments. Blood collection from calves for serological and immunological studies was carried out before vaccination, 20 days after vaccination and 14 days after revaccination. The level of VNA neutralizing antibodies to HSV-3 and VIRT was determined in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination, the content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation, the concentration of immunoglobulins of classes G and M according to the Mancini method (1964), the functional activity of blood neutrophils in the recovery reaction nitro blue tetrazolium (Mayansky A.N. et al., 1979). The results are presented in table 3.

As can be seen from table 3, glycopin provided an increase in post-vaccination immunity and stimulation of antibody production as a result of activation of cellular and humoral immunity and optimization of the body's natural resistance. So, in the first series of experiments, compared with the control group, the VNA titer for HSV-3 and VIRT in the experimental group increased by 38.6 and 30.5%, respectively, and in the second series of experiments - by 26.2 and 18 , 6%. The content of T- and B-lymphocytes increased significantly (in the first series of experiments - by 60.0 and 46.1%; in the second series of experiments - by 64.3 and 66.7%, respectively). An increase was noted in other indicators: the level of immunoglobulins of classes G and M (in the first series - by 39.7 and 26.3%, in the second series - by 21.7 and 14.3%) and the functional activity of neutrophils blood in a spontaneous and induced HCT test (in the first series - by 26.8 and 22.6%, in the second series - by 20.0 and 10.7%, respectively).

Example 3. The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the prevention of viral respiratory diseases of calves was determined in the conditions of the economy, long-term unfavorable for viral respiratory diseases, in two series of experiments. In each series, 3 groups of clinically healthy calves of 30-45 days of age were selected according to the analog principle. After confirming the absence of maternal ATs, calves were immunized in 3 ways: 1st method (claimed) - BIVAK vaccine (1st series), TRIVAC vaccine (2nd series) + glycopin in the form of 0.2% solution; 2nd method (prototype) vaccine “BIVAK” (1st series), vaccine “TRIVAC” (2nd series); 3rd method (basic) - hyperimmune serum of animal donors with AT for HSV-3 and VIRT in titres no lower than 1: 1028 and 1: 256, respectively. The calves were monitored taking into account the course of the disease and its outcome. The results are presented in table 4.

As can be seen from table 4, the claimed method in both series of experiments provided an optimal prophylactic effect, which was expressed in a decrease in the number of diseased calves and an easier form of the disease.

A decrease in the incidence rate indicated an increase in resistance, which indicated an increase in the adaptive level. After recovery, the calves of the experimental groups developed well, their reactions to external stimuli were restored, they were mobile and active.

The obtained clinical data confirmed the achievement of the claimed technical result - an increase in prophylactic efficacy against the background of natural virus carrying by activation of protective mechanisms in all recorded parameters.

Sources of information

1. Syurin V.N., Samuilenko A.Ya., Soloviev V.V., Fomina N.V. Viral diseases of animals. M .: VNITIBP, 1998.S. 249, 155.

2. Guidance on the use of the drug glycopin for agricultural and small animals No. 13-4-2 / 1732 of 08/27/1999.

3. Karsonova M.I., Andronov T.M., Pinegin B.V., Khaitov P.M. Immunostimulating activity of muramyl dipeptide and its derivatives // Zh. microbiol., 1999, No. 3. S.104-110.

Claims (1)

Method for vaccination of viral diseases of calves, including immunization with polyvalent vaccines, characterized in that 12-18 hours before and twice with an interval of 24 hours after immunization, glycopine is administered intramuscularly in the form of a 0.2% solution at a dose of 1.5-2.0 ml