RU2229419C2 - Emergency life-saving and rescue system for submarine crew in submerged position - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: submarine building; rescue of submarine crew. SUBSTANCE: emergency life-saving and rescue system includes hull with pressure-tight compartments, wheel-house with control station and extensible venting units, air intake, periscope and antenna, reactor plant and rescue module secured on submarine and provided with separating units. This module has form of submarine. Wheel-house is common for submarine and for said rescue module. Separating units include four or eight separation pyro-engines. Gas chamber found in bottom portion of rescue module is used as additional reservoir for regulating tank. Secured to side surfaces of wheel-house are two water-jet engines for forming vertical thrust and two water-jet engines for forming horizontal thrust are mounted in aft portion of rescue module. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of rescue submarine personnel. 7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of underwater shipbuilding, to the rescue equipment of nuclear and diesel submarines.

The inventive system is a submarine of a two-module design, the device of which has a rescue module made in the form of a submarine, ensuring the rescue of the entire crew of the submarine (urgent ascent with subsequent deceleration) and autonomous navigation, both in the surface and underwater position.

The proposed rescue system can be used both for the construction of nuclear and diesel submarines (hereinafter referred to as submarines).

An analogue and prototype of the claimed design of the submarine is the Komsomolets nuclear submarine, which included a pop-up camera capable of accommodating the entire crew and ensuring its rescue from depths of up to 1,500 meters, which is equipped with an autonomous power supply system. The rescue chamber was located in the fence of the retractable devices and when the ship was in the surface position it was used to exit the premises of the robust hull to the superstructure deck.

What camera it is, how the entire crew of the ship is located in it - not indicated. And questions arise: how much time is needed when the submarine is in the submerged position so that 57-60 crew members from all compartments of the ship enter the rescue pop-up camera along with the (possible) wounded, and after what time the submarine, in case of torpedo (defeat by the enemy) will go to the bottom?

How long can such a camera save life for 57 submariners? It follows that the pop-up rescue camera is not a reliable means to save the entire crew of the submarine and is not designed for a long stay in it.

(Magazine “Equipment and armaments yesterday, today, tomorrow” No. 5-6, 2000. “Domestic nuclear submarines”, pp.17-19, ALL “Komsomolets”) - prototype.

The history of scuba diving confirms that due to the lack of reliable emergency rescue equipment for the entire crew on submarines, many crews could not be saved (neither in our country, nor abroad).

Known facts (catastrophes of domestic and foreign submarines, including nuclear ones) also confirm that emergency rescue equipment is necessary for the entire crew of the submarine, their creation is an urgent technical task, and they must be created by the shipbuilding industry.

Then it is possible to establish (with the appropriate decision) and serial production of submarines of a two-module design.

As you know, in the prototype and in other modern submarines, the hull has a double shell of design strength, which ensures the submersion of submarines at great depths (500 and more meters). The submarine’s hull is divided by partitions with hermetic hatches-doors into compartments (for example, into 10 compartments), each of which contains: armament, ammunition compartment, reactor installation, quick immersion tank, leveling tank.

A characteristic disadvantage of submarines is that individual rescue equipment (light-diving suits) does not provide rescue for the crew of the submarine at medium and large depths, and the boats do not have the means of rescue of all personnel, and therefore their crews die together in the submarine.

The problem of providing rooms (compartments) with oxygen, when they are sealed one from another, is still not solved, they lack oxygen to provide the crew. Gas accumulates in the battery room. It is possible gas contamination compartment (s) for other reasons.

These same disadvantages, although to a lesser extent, are inherent in the prototype.

The inventive design of the submarine is a two-module submarine, that is, a structure consisting of a main submarine hull, blocked from above by a strong and airtight partition along the entire hull and conformally mounted and fixed on it with an emergency rescue module, built according to the type of submarine, designed for separation from the main (bearing) submarine hull, emergency ascent with delay (if necessary) and autonomous navigation, i.e. exit from the accident area and movement to the nearest friendship port country or to the coast in a safe swimming area.

Means for separating the rescue module from the main body of the submarine are made in the form of wedge-shaped grips (fists) included in the “nests” of the same shape on the main body of the submarine, and controlled by hydraulic or electric drives.

The separation means contain four (six or eight, for greater reliability and taking into account the calculated data) separation pyrodrive (s) installed in fasteners located along the projection of the longitudinal axis of the rescue module above the bottom gas chamber, into which gases are released when the pyroengines are operated, calculated to a certain calculated internal pressure and which is used as an additional capacity to the ascent tank of the rescue module.

The means of separation are controlled from the control panel located at the control post of the rescue module.

Rescue vessels (vessels involved in rescue operations), if necessary directed towards the rescue module to provide assistance, may (under appropriate weather conditions and sea waves) take the module in tow and tow to the nearest submarine base or surface ship base.

The invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of creating an emergency rescue system for rescuing a crew of a submarine in an emergency in an underwater position, which is a submarine of a two-module design (with atomic power packaging), the upper part of which is a rescue module in the form of a submarine that provides rescue the entire crew of the submarine in case of emergency damage (leak) of the main body due to collision with an obstacle, torpedoing or leakage, in case of fire (explosion ve) and gas contamination of the premises (compartments), in case of loss of stroke, loss of controllability or other extreme situations.

The rescue module is an autonomous floating vehicle for accommodating the crew of a submarine, built like a diesel submarine, equipped with its own emergency ascent and autonomous navigation engines (if the necessary supply of energy carrier is available).

There are six hatches (three hatches on the left side and three on the starboard side) and one upper hatch for entering the cabin, which are sealed, for the crew to move from the compartments of the submarine hull to the rescue module.

The rescue module is attached to the hull of the submarine by means of grippers, which are controlled by the rods of the hydraulic booster (hydraulic cylinders) or electric motors by means of gearboxes with worm pairs.

From displacement in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the rescue module is fixed on the lodgements of the main submarine case with the help of stops in the grooves on the submarine case.

The tightness of the connection between the rescue module and the main submarine case is ensured by a rubber-wide gasket made of rubber, which is laid in a groove along the perimeter of the connection to the submarine case.

The oxygen supply system for the crew of the submarine is designed so that each of two or three oxygen-producing units in the event of failure of one of them provides oxygen to all compartments, as well as the rescue module of the submarine.

Under normal conditions, each of the two units located in the main submarine casing operates at 50% capacity and provides oxygen to only half of the submarine compartments, that is, the compartments to which it is properly secured.

The third oxygen producing unit, located in the bow (conventionally 3-4 compartment) of the rescue module, is a backup and can be connected to any of the two (bow or stern) halves of the PL oxygen system, and in case of emergency separation of the rescue module, it serves to provide three salons, other rooms of the module and the cabin connected with it.

The solution to the technical problem is achieved:

1. The creation of a nuclear submarine of a two-module design, consisting of two parts - the main submarine hull and installed, fixed on it with the help of captures and drives of the emergency rescue module, built like a diesel submarine.

2. The creation of an emergency rescue module, combined with the cabin of the submarine and having all the main components of the submarine for autonomous travel, the placement of rooms (for example, three salons with 50 seats each), equipped with the number of crew members seats, the type of passenger salons airplane or the auditorium for watching movies, as well as equipped with cinema-video equipment, oxygen supply and air conditioning systems, a room for the patient (wounded), emergency medical facilities, a pantry for storing Nia drinking water and food.

3. The creation of reliable attachment points for the emergency-rescue module to the main submarine hull, separation facilities (for example, pyro motors), as well as communication docking nodes, electrical connectors and communication lines.

4. The installation of two vertical jet thrusters (for ascent) on the rescue module and two horizontal thrust jet engines (with diverging nozzle nozzles) for the autonomous movement of the rescue module through or under water (or instead of two horizontal thrusters with a diesel power plant )

5. Submarine equipment with three oxygen generating units (two main and one backup).

6. The equipment of the rescue module with the necessary life support systems, communications, alarms and towing devices.

7. The separation of the rescue module from the main body of the submarine and the urgent ascent from great depths and under the ice.

A comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed rescue system is a two-module submarine design, is more reliable and safe for the crew of the submarine in cases where the crew needs to leave the submarine at a dangerous depth for humans. At the same time, the rescue module - module No. 2 is intended for ascent to save the entire crew and, thanks to the presence of its own power plant, is controllable and can autonomously sail towards the nearest port of a friendly country, in underwater and in surface position, and module No. 1 - the main body of the submarine in an extreme situation is subject to flooding and falls to the bottom (which is also important tactically, since the enemy “hunter” for submarines will be sure that the submarine is at the bottom and cannot ie act).

The proposed rescue system - a two-module submarine is presented in figures 1-3.

The figure 1 presents a General view of a two-module submarine equipped with the necessary components of an emergency rescue system, which consists of:

- the main body 1 submarine - module number 1;

- emergency - rescue module 2 - module No. 2;

- cutting 3, combined with module No. 2;

- two main engines 4 of the power plant submarine;

- two water-jet engines 5 of vertical thrust (or engines of the type of torpedo engine, after its modernization);

- two water-jet reversing engines 6 of horizontal thrust;

- one or two diesel engines 7 installed (s) in the aft of the rescue module 2;

- lodgements for installing the rescue module in the hull of 1 submarine;

- folding bow rudders 9 and folding stern rudders 10 of the emergency rescue module 2, as well as bow rudders 11 and stern rudders 12 for submarine control;

- vertical stabilizer 13 mounted on the aft compartment of the rescue module 2;

The figure 2-a shows a cross section of the hull of a two-module submarine:

- the main body of 1 submarine;

- emergency rescue module 2;

- cutting 3;

- water-jet engines 5 vertical thrust rescue module 2;

- lodgements 7 in the housing 1 of the submarine on which the rescue module 2 is installed;

- truss reinforcement housing of the rescue module 2;

- salons 14 with seats for the crew;

- hatches-doors 15;

- pyro motors 16 - means for separating the rescue module 2 from the main body 1 of the submarine;

- gas chamber 17 - additional capacity to the ascent tank of the rescue module (into which exhaust gases are removed from the pyroengines of the compartment);

- launch shaft 18 in the main body 1 submarine;

- cover 19 of the launch shaft.

The figure 2-b presents a view of the submarine from the stern:

- main engines 4 submarines working on propellers;

- water-jet engines 5 vertical thrust rescue module;

- water-jet engines 6 reversible horizontal thrust of the rescue module;

- captures 8 with hydraulic or electric drives (drives not shown);

- folding nose wheels 9 of the rescue module;

- folding feed steering wheels 10 of the rescue module;

- nose wheels 11 submarines;

- aft steering wheels 12 submarines;

- vertical stabilizer 13 (common to the rescue module and submarine);

- propeller of the diesel engine 20 of the rescue module;

- bottom emergency support 21 of the rescue module;

The figure 3 presents the rescue module 2, made by the type of diesel submarine, after its separation from the main hull of the submarine:

- emergency rescue module 2 with wheelhouse 3 (common cabin for submarines and for module 2);

- water-jet (left and right) engines 5 vertical thrust;

- water-jet reversible (left and right) engines 6 of horizontal thrust;

- nose wheel 9 (folding at an angle of 90 ° when docking with the main body of the submarine);

- “steering wheels” - steering wheels, trim trim;

- aft steering wheels 10 (folding at an angle of 90 ° when docking with the main body of the submarine);

- salons "conference room" 14 for the collection of personnel of the submarine;

- hatch doors 15 for the transfer of personnel (crew) from the main body of 1 submarine to the rescue module;

- pyro motors 16 separation of the rescue module 2 from the main body 1 of the submarine;

- oxygen producing plant;

- desalination plant (not shown);

- rechargeable;

In addition to the above equipment, the emergency-rescue module has a cabin with controls for the rescue module and the information and control panel for the emergency rescue system (not shown), as well as other equipment and necessary premises.

Submarine weapons

1. Four-pipe torpedo tube submarine.

2. The twin torpedo tube of the rescue module.

3. The emitting part of the combat laser (placed in a retractable container in the upper front of the wheelhouse 3).

The emitter container can rotate within the corners of the sector of the front hemisphere.

Before an emergency occurs in which the entire crew needs to leave the submarine (nuclear submarine), all submarine systems operate as normal, and the emergency rescue system is turned off. All its mechanisms are in the initial position, and the controls (switches and switches) on the emergency rescue system console are turned off and closed by safety devices that protect against unauthorized switching on.

The control panel of the rescue system (not shown) is installed at the control post of the rescue module; the rescue module 2 (FIG. 2-b), mounted on the main body 1 of the submarine, is attached to the main body using grippers (fists) - 8, which are located in their respective “nests” (grooves) of the main body 1 of the submarine.

Pyro motors 16 (Fig.2-a) of the compartment of the rescue module 2 are turned off. Engines 5 (Fig.2-b) ascent (vertical thrust engines) and reverse motors 6 (horizontal thrust engines) of the rescue module 2 are turned off. The propeller 20 of the power unit of the rescue module 2 rotates in idle mode.

The combined systems (for example, air and oxygen supply systems, power supply and communications) of the main building 1 and the rescue module 2 operate in the normal design mode.

Submarine rescue system operates as follows.

When the submarine is in or running under water in the event of an emergency, when the entire crew is in danger and there is a need to leave the submarine, the submarine commander via loud-speaking communication (or alarm system) announces an “urgent collection” in the “conference hall” 14 (Fig. 2-a), which is located in the emergency rescue module and consists of two or three rooms, separated by solid partitions with sealed doors (large hatches). These facilities in their arrangement are similar to passenger aircraft cabins equipped with the same seats (with tables behind the back) in terms of the number of passengers - (submarine crew).

Submariners, as quickly as possible, take their own place.

In an emergency, the senior assistant to the submarine commander is in the rescue module at the control panel of the rescue system (not shown) and prepares all the systems and engines of the rescue module for ascent.

After the person in charge of collecting the personnel of the submarine enters the emergency-rescue module, all six or four hatches 15 (Figs. 1,2-a) are sealed: the emergency-rescue module 2 is ready to emerge and exit the dangerous (enemy-controlled) zone.

To separate the emergency-rescue module 2 (hereinafter referred to as SM) from the main body 1 of the submarine, hydraulic or other type of actuators are included (in FIG. using automatic devices are turned on pyro motors 16 (Fig.2-a).

In this case, using the automatic control unit for the emergency rescue system (not shown; installed in the rescue module), the electrical connectors are de-energized and disconnected. The electrical circuits of the emergency-rescue module 2 are switched to their own sources of electrical power, double valves for shutting off the pipelines are activated, the connecting fittings are disconnected, and the autonomous control systems for the rudders 9, 10 of the rescue module 2 are automatically turned on.

By increasing the thrust of the ascent engines 5 (vertical thrust engines) to the required or maximum value, and at the same time it is controlled by the SM with the observance of appropriate safety measures (for example, ascent under ice), they ensure the ascent of the SM to a predetermined depth level.

Thus, with the help of the rescue module, the entire crew of the submarine is saved.

At the moment of separation of the SM from the main submarine case, four spring-loaded probes (not shown) installed in pairs in the bow and stern under the bottom of the SM track the necessary distance for reliable separation of the module and through the electrical contacts provide the alarm “Attention, separation!”, On the information panel and A control panel for the emergency rescue system of the submarine lights up a signal board (the console is installed in the control post of the rescue module) The pop-up SM with the horizontal thrust engines 6 turned on can sail away from the main submarine housing in a given direction.

After sub-floating to the periscopic depth, using retractable pipes, fresh air is taken, and through the antenna, radio communication with the command center for controlling the movement of submarines.

For radio communications in special cases, there is a beacon (not shown) on the rescue module.

With the implementation of the claimed complex of devices for the rescue system of the submarine, the entire crew is saved (including several more people as passengers or specialists) in the event of a submarine accident in the underwater position, when it becomes necessary to leave the submarine to the entire crew.

The possibility of creating and using the emergency rescue system of the proposed two-module submarine (with a nuclear or electric / diesel power plant) is confirmed by the well-known (indicated in this application) prototype, fundamentally known and used in the Russian Navy by sea vehicles, various types of engines, including water-jet with variable thrust vector, various devices for submarines, means of docking and sealing under water, existing life-support systems I submarine when sailing on small (under ice) and greater depths, the availability of funds and long-distance signaling an emergency.

Notes.

1. During combat operations (if necessary), the premises of salons of the rescue module can be used for transportation and landing of marine corps, as well as for other tasks.

2. Other devices and systems that are part of the equipment of the submarine, but not included in the emergency rescue system, are not described in this description, since they are known to specialists.

Claims (7)

1. The rescue system of the submarine, which includes a hull with pressurized compartments, a wheelhouse with a control post and retractable ventilation, air intake, periscope and antenna devices, a reactor installation comprising a pop-up rescue module mounted on the submarine with means for separating it from it, characterized the fact that the rescue module is made like a submarine, while the said cabin is the same for the rescue module and the submarine. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of separation contain four or eight pyrodrive of the Department installed in the mounting nodes pairwise closer to the projection of the longitudinal axis of the housing of the rescue module and at equal distances from the center of mass of the module. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bottom of the rescue module there is a gas chamber for collecting gas when the pyroengines are triggered, which is an additional tank for the surge tank, which allows the rescue module to emerge, separated from the base of the hull. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that two vertical-thrust jet engines with electric or other type of drives are attached to the side surfaces of the cabin. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two water-jet reversible engines of horizontal thrust, which are driven by electric or diesel engines installed in the aft of the rescue module and working simultaneously on the propellers. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rescue module is equipped with an oxygen producing unit to provide oxygen to the premises of the rescue module, and if necessary, to provide oxygen to the bow or stern compartments of the submarine. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rescue module is equipped with four spring-loaded probes controlling the electrical contacts in the module compartment tracking system.

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