RU2227287C2 - Method and device to scan diamonds and precious stones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: selection of gems. SUBSTANCE: device has scanning platform not shown in drawing that includes window 10 on which diamond or precious stone 14 is placed. Diamond or precious stone, which can be cut precious stone, is illuminated by two light-emitting diodes 102, 106, which carry means 110 and 112 of scatterer. Enlargement of scanning system is set at relatively low level, image of entire or larger part of at least one facet of diamond is displayed on video monitor 40. With increase of enlargement level light-emitting diodes 102, 106 switch off and central light-emitting diode 104 switches on in order to illuminate diamond with direct radiation. Position of diamond 14 is adjusted till condition of backward reflection is fulfilled which enables marks on surface of diamond or precious stone to be examined. EFFECT: capability to check quality of precious stones under normal conditions in closed room. 48 cl, 5 dwg

Description

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for viewing a diamond or precious stone, comprising diffuse lighting means for illuminating a diamond or precious stone with diffuse radiation, directional lighting means for illuminating a diamond or precious stone with direct radiation, a viewing device for forming an image of a diamond or precious stone under illumination diffuse radiation or directional radiation; and display means for displaying said image.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for viewing a diamond or gemstone, comprising the step of illuminating a diamond or gemstone with diffuse radiation or directional radiation and forming an image of a diamond or gemstone when illuminating a diamond or gemstone with diffuse or directional radiation.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for viewing a diamond or a gemstone, comprising lighting means for illuminating a diamond or a gemstone, a viewing device for forming an image of a diamond or gemstone under illumination, a display screen for displaying said image, and a housing in which are installed the specified lighting tool, viewer and display screen.

Moreover, according to the indicated device for viewing, a specified mark is viewed that is formed on the surface of a diamond or precious stone by forming a mark image and displaying the specified mark on the display screen. An object of the present invention is to provide viewing marks on a diamond or gemstone.

The invention is of practical interest in viewing marks on a diamond or gemstone, although, on the other hand, it is contemplated that the diamond may be an industrial diamond, such as a drawing die. WO 97/03846 describes in detail a method for applying marks to precious diamonds, wherein such marks are preferably not visible to the armed eye or even to the eye using a magnifier with a tenfold magnification, i.e. magnifiers used by jewelers. The marks are applied by irradiating a faceted gem with ultraviolet laser radiation using a projection mask, and the nature of the marks is such that they can be applied to the polished face of a gem without reducing its value or impairing its appearance. Labels are applied to a diamond or gem without significant blackout.

Tags can contain trademarks, identification numbers or tags that carry other information that relates to a gemstone, and in general it is necessary to provide a method and device for quick and easy viewing of such tags that can be used by jewelers in jewelry stores for retail sale, as well as diamond dealers and so on.

An object of the present invention is to provide a device that displays a diamond or gem in a manner that is easy to provide under normal lighting conditions in enclosed spaces and which allows the seller to check the quality of the stone and verify the quality when viewing the mark of the selected stone.

WO 96/23207 describes a device for conducting color analysis of precious stones. However, in the specified technical solution, in contrast to the claimed invention, the image of the mark is not provided, which is formed by removing the gem material and which does not contain significant dimming and also the display of the specified mark on the display screen.

Analogs of the claimed technical solution also include devices described in GB 1416568A, US 5515157, JP 59-141058, US 5526416 and US 5430538, describing the means of checking precious stones. However, unlike the claimed technical solution, the indicated means do not provide marking without significant dimming and display of the specified mark.

Another objective of the claimed invention is the implementation of a device and method that provides a satisfactory view of the mark on a diamond or precious stone. An additional objective of the claimed invention is the elimination or improvement of at least one of the disadvantages of the technical solutions of the prior art described above.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a viewing device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 36.

Paragraphs 1 and 36 use the term “diffuse radiation”. For the avoidance of doubt, the term “diffuse radiation” means radiation that is irradiated with a diamond or gemstone having a relatively wide range of angles, for example, a range of angles spanning at least 20 °. On the other hand, the term “directional radiation” means radiation that is irradiated with a diamond or gemstone having a relatively narrow range of angles, for example, a range of angles spanning not more than 20 °, preferably not more than 10 °. The diffuse illumination means and the directional radiation means can be partially combined with each other, that is, have one radiation source.

The first image is preferably obtained with a first magnification level and the second image is preferably obtained with a second magnification level, the first magnification level being preferably lower than the second magnification level for displaying an image of essentially the whole stone until the magnification level increases and the type of lighting changes, i.e. from diffuse radiation up to directional radiation to detect the “mark."

In the first embodiment, a “plate” may be provided in which at least one opening is made, for example, in a substantially central position. The plate is positioned along the irradiation so that the gem is irradiated with directional radiation through the hole. The diffuser and the plate can be interchangeable, thus allowing a relatively small viewing unit to be obtained. In other words, the diffuser and the plate can be positioned alternately within the irradiation path. A diffuser can be attached to or formed at the end of a plate having at least one opening to form one optical element.

Any convenient means for changing the magnification may be provided, for example a rotary knob having two or more predefined positions corresponding to two or more corresponding magnification levels. In this case, the handle is connected with a rotary wheel that carries a lot of magnifying lenses located around the perimeter. When the handle rotates, the wheel rotates, which allows you to place the necessary magnifying lens or lenses on the image path. Alternatively, and more preferably, a linearly moving lens change mechanism can be used to allow variable magnification to be introduced. This allows the unit to be relatively compact. As other alternative devices, you can use an optical device with a variable magnification, which allows you to get a continuous range of magnifications, or a system with a fixed magnification and with a camera in which the magnification is changed electronically.

In the first embodiment, the means for changing the magnification level can be connected with the optical element carrying the diffuser and the section formed by the diaphragm, so that the actuation of the magnification changing device leads to the longitudinal movement of the optical element in order to move the diffuser along the irradiation path if the level of increase decreases, or move the section formed with at least one hole along the path of irradiation.

The device according to the first embodiment of the present invention may include a number of different plates or sections that are placed along the irradiation path. For example, like a diffuser, a device may also include a plate having one, usually centrally located, aperture with a pinhole, and a plate having one diaphragm with a shift or two diaphragms that are positioned on either side, usually in a central position on the plate for in order to provide a source or sources of oblique direct lighting for a gemstone. These sections should be interchangeable so that, if necessary, the entire gem can be examined completely, the diffuser is placed on the irradiation path in case it is necessary to consider the mark on the surface of the gem, the level of increase is increased, and the gem is illuminated using one of the direct sources lighting, and a plate having a hole or holes offset from the center, is used to provide angular or two symmetrical angular light sources for For a gemstone in order to detect a mark, which is formed using many channels that have a diffraction effect when a light beam falls on it and lead to the appearance of a mark with a specific color, for example blue. Two symmetrical corner light sources are preferred for greater brightness. Alternatively, more than two apertures can be used.

When using the device of the present invention, the gemstone is first viewed at a relatively low magnification level using a diffuser along the irradiation path, and the position and orientation of the gem are adjusted in order to obtain a suitable view of substantially the entire upper part (or other marked part) of the gemstone. The appearance of the gem is very similar to the appearance of the gem under normal lighting conditions during the retail sale, it is simply enlarged and allows the buyer to check the quality of the processing of the stone and be sure that it is that really selected stone that impresses the buyer. However, in diffuse lighting, as a rule, it is impossible to see the mark and determine its location (due to its "invisibility").

Therefore, increase the level of increase, and, in the first embodiment, the diffuser is replaced by a point aperture. Then, the inclination of the back face or other viewed face faces of the gemstone is adjusted in order to get a back reflection from the back face or face. Back reflection is radiation that is reflected back along the path of irradiation. Under these conditions, the back face or face becomes bright and the mark image appears as a dark spot, thus the user detects the presence and position of the mark.

The mark can then be positioned essentially in a central viewing position, and subsequently, if necessary, the magnification can be increased so that the mark can be read.

Thus, by providing the first image through diffuse illumination, the seller can see on the display means a view of a diamond or gem corresponding to the actual image. By using the same means and providing a second image with directional lighting, the seller can see the mark, knowing that the mark is on the same gem. Moreover, when using direct reflection from the surface, the quality of the image of the mark is improved depending on the type of mark, it is possible to view the mark invisible to the naked eye, formed by removing material from a diamond or precious stone and which does not contain significant blackouts.

The gemstone irradiation means preferably contains one or more light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), to provide higher reliability, while LEDs typically have a longer life than conventional lighting lamps. The irradiation means is more preferably one or more LEDs with white radiation so that when using a color camera to view the gemstone, the color of the LED radiation does not affect the image and a real face image can be achieved. The emission path should be substantially perpendicular to the face or trailing edge of the gem under consideration. In the first embodiment, one LED is positioned directly below the face or rear face under consideration. The prism beam splitter is placed along the radiation path, which allows the incident radiation to reach the face or rear face under consideration, while directing the radiation reflected from the face or rear face to the focusing and viewing means at a substantially 90 ° angle relative to the direction of the incident radiation.

In a second embodiment, the first LED is positioned substantially at an angle of 90 ° to the direction in which it is necessary to illuminate the observed back face or front face. The directed radiation from the first LED is incident on a plate beam splitter, which is positioned along the illumination path, and is directed essentially at an angle of 90 ° to the viewed face or trailing edge. Thus, a diamond or gem is once again illuminated from below. Two additional LEDs are provided on both sides of the first LED, which are inclined at an angle inward (towards the front with respect to the first LED, at an angle, for example, of about 45 °). Two additional LEDs are equipped with diffuser plates. The first LED may be provided with a cap with a hole to ensure directivity of the incident radiation. In the case when it is necessary to illuminate a gem or diamond with direct radiation, turn on the first (or central LED), and two other LEDs turn off. In the case where diffuse radiation is required, the first LEDs are turned off and the other two LEDs are turned on. Radiation reflected back from a diamond or gemstone passes through a plate beam splitter and is reflected by a prism into the focus and viewer.

Thus, the front face or the back face of the gem of interest can be illuminated through a prismatic beam splitter, or more preferably through a plate beam splitter.

The viewer is preferably a camera that is connected to a video monitor or screen to display an image of at least the viewing part of the gem. The screen is preferably made inside the same housing as all other elements to form one compact, portable device. In a preferred embodiment, the video monitor may be a flat-panel LCD monitor of the display device, so that the entire device can be even more compact, portable and easy to use.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for viewing marks on a surface of a gemstone or diamond, comprising a housing including lighting means for illuminating at least a portion of the gemstone, a viewing means for acquiring an image of at least a portion of the gemstone and a screen of a display device for acquiring an image of at least a portion of a gemstone, the lighting means, the viewer, and the screen of the display device are all placed together Inside housing.

The screen of the display device may be a liquid crystal display, a monitor screen, or a video monitor. The displayed image may be monochrome or, more preferably, color.

The method and device according to the present invention can be used to quickly and easily view marks on loose gemstones or stones, in particular diamonds, fixed in jewelry. In addition, the device of the present invention can be very compact and portable, as well as durable. This is further confirmed by the fact that the device according to the present invention requires only a low voltage power supply, for example, between 12 and 24 V, which can be supplied from the network via an adapter (adapter) or even by means of a battery.

The device according to the second aspect of the present invention preferably includes features of the first aspect of the present invention, thereby providing a compact and durable viewing device that the user can use to display the image of the gemstone at a relatively low magnification, so that the finished stone can check, for example, the intended buyer, and then increase the magnification or change the way the gem is illuminated in order to display be part of the gemstone, which is "invisible" label.

Preferred Embodiment

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1 is a diagram of a viewing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

figure 2 depicts a diagram of the device (figure 1) having an alternative means of changing magnification;

3 is a diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a front view of a viewing apparatus according to the present invention; and

figure 5 depicts a device (figure 4) with a holding hand, which is in a position suitable for its use.

As shown in FIG. 1, the device comprises a viewing platform (not shown) for supporting or holding the gem, which includes an enlightened window 10. The viewing platform may generally comprise a flat “seat” that is mounted in the device by means of a relatively loose tensioned gimbal which can be tilted or swung manually in all directions, and which remains in position when released. Some linear movement is also possible. The enlightened window 10 contains a small, essentially transparent part of the glass, each side of which has an antireflection coating, while the light beam does not reflect back from the window. Window 10 is preferably removably mounted inside the diaphragm in the viewing platform. On the other hand, it is possible to make a separate fixing part for receiving a window, wherein the fixing part is removably mounted in or on the viewing platform. The enlightened window 10 is supposedly positioned so that it can be replaced if it breaks down or becomes contaminated during use.

The LED 12 is designed to illuminate at least a portion of the gemstone 14 through a prism beam splitter 16.

The gem is viewed by means of a CCD (charge-coupled device) of the camera 18, which allows you to get an image of the facet of the gem being examined through a prism beam splitter 16 and a mirror 20. The magnification of the obtained image can be changed by means of a rotary device 22 for changing magnification, containing many pairs of magnifying lenses 24a , 24b, located opposite each other at an equal distance around the perimeter of the circular swivel wheel 26. Turning the wheel 26 allows you to set the necessary velichitelnye lenses 24a, 24b into the path between the camera 18 and the prism beam splitter 16 to achieve the desired zoom. It is also possible to provide a focusing lens 28 on the image path between the magnification changing device 22 and the beam splitter 16, the focusing lens 28 moving in the shown directions in order to increase the resolution of the obtained image. Additional movable magnifying lenses 30, 32 are also provided in the present embodiment, the lenses being located on the image path on either side of the mirror 20 and moving into and out of the image path if necessary.

The device is made with a diffuser 36 and a narrow diaphragm 38, which are interchangeable. (In FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the size of the narrow aperture and the angular beam width are shown in an enlarged view.) In the shown embodiment, the diffuser 36 and the diaphragm 38 are formed on one movable opaque screen or plate 34 on the illumination path between the beam splitter 16 and the LED 12 Obviously, the plate 34 may include one or more additional sections (not shown) with different arrangements of the diaphragms.

Thus, as mentioned above, if the mark is made with many strokes that have a diffractive effect when radiation is incident on them, then a section can be made including a diaphragm offset from the center or two diaphragms on each side in the generally central position of the section. In this case, one or two narrow apertures are placed along the illumination path, and effectively act as one or two angular light sources for the gemstone. The angle of the light source or sources (i.e., the position of the diaphragm or aperture) is selected according to the color that is necessary for the visual appearance of the mark. Thus, if necessary, to detect the mark in blue, the diaphragm or diaphragm is positioned so that the angle resulting from the incident radiation corresponds to the blue diffracted light. Similarly, the angle obtained by the directional source or sources of light can be selected so that it matches the red diffracted light and the detected mark appears in red. It should be understood that to set the color of the mark, you must also know the distance between the strokes in the mark. However, if this is known, it is obvious that a number of different angular directional light sources can be made available by performing a number of different sections, each of which has one diaphragm or two diaphragms offset from the center, positioned on each side of the generally central position, with the hole of each section being positioned in accordance with the color that is necessary for the appearance of the label. Thus, the user can choose a color in which the label will visually appear for the buyer.

A video monitor 40 is connected to the camera 18 to display the image (s) obtained with the camera.

During use, the gemstone 14 is positioned on the viewing platform (not shown) with its marked face opposite the enlightened window 10. Various interchangeable holders can be attached to the viewing platform to receive loose stone or various other types of jewelry, such as a ring, necklace, bracelet and others. For example, you can make a holder for a ring (not shown) containing a cylindrical-shaped horizontal element that is mounted above the viewing platform so that the ring can rest above the enlightened window 10 on a cylindrical-shaped or stripe-shaped element and its stone is facing down. You can also make a bracket or clamp, on which you can throw a necklace or bracelet so that you can check their stone (s).

Preferably, the gem or part of the jewelry is placed in the lower position of the face on the window (if the mark is on the face) to facilitate the location of the stone or to ensure that the back reflection is established quickly. However, alternative placement can be used.

The marked face is illuminated through a prism beam splitter 16 using LED 12, the lighting path being substantially perpendicular to the diamond face or other facet under consideration.

First, a gemstone 14 is examined at a relatively low magnification level with a diffuser 36 located on the lighting path. The position and orientation of the stone 14 are adjusted and, if necessary, the focus lens 28 is also adjusted so that the back face or other marked face face can be observed on the video monitor 40. However, in diffuse lighting it is not possible to see or locate the mark.

Therefore, the increase is increased by rotating the wheel 26, while changing a pair of magnifying lenses 24a, 24b, which are positioned along the image path and have a higher magnification. The operator replaces the diffuser 36 with a narrow aperture 38. In a preferred embodiment, the magnification change device 22 and the plate 34 supporting the diffuser 36 and the narrow aperture 38 are in communication with each other in such a way that when the magnification change device 22 is rotated, the plate 34 is brought into movement in the longitudinal direction in order to replace the diffuser 36 with a narrow diaphragm 38 located on the path of illumination or vice versa. Rotating the magnification changing device 22 may also cause the movable magnifying lens 30, 32 to move into (or out of) the image path if necessary.

The inclination of the back face of a diamond or other observed face is adjusted by manually tilting, swinging or moving the viewing platform in order to get a reflection from the face of the diamond or face so that the face of the diamond or face becomes bright, although the mark appears as a dark spot, thus identifying the existence and position of the label for the user.

Immediately after identification, the mark image can be centered on the video monitor 40 by linearly moving the viewing platform and the magnification can be further increased so that the mark can be read.

As shown in FIG. 2, a lens linear movement means 50 for changing magnification is provided in place of the rotary device 22 (FIG. 1). The means 50 change magnification contains many lenses 52, which have different levels of magnification. The lenses are provided on a linear movable base 54, which can be moved by a user with a hand (not shown) and an externally accessible viewing device. Using a movable mechanism to change the magnification, it is possible to make the device as a whole more compact compared to the rotary device shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, the second embodiment of the viewing device of the present invention is quite similar in many respects to the first embodiment of the invention, therefore, the same reference numbers are used to denote similar elements. The main difference between the first and second embodiments is the use in the second embodiment of the plate beam splitter 100 instead of the prism beam splitter and the position of the light source (s). Another important difference is that the plate 34 having the diffuser screen 36 and the diaphragm 38 is missing in the second embodiment.

In the embodiment (FIG. 3), three LEDs 102, 104, 106 are provided, wherein the plate beam splitter 100 is arranged to direct the radiation from the LEDs perpendicularly upward with respect to the diamond 14. Radiation reflected from diamond 14 passes through the beam splitter 100 to prism 108, which directs light orthogonally to the viewer.

The central LED 104 is designed to illuminate diamond 14 with direct radiation and may have a lid with a hole (not shown) to limit the angular divergence of the radiation. The other two LEDs 102, 106 are angled upward with respect to the central LED 104 (as shown), and each of these two LEDs 102, 106 is configured with a diffuser 110, 112.

The principle of operation of the device according to the second embodiment is essentially the same as the principle of operation according to the first embodiment. However, at the stage where the diamond 14 is illuminated by the central LED 104, the LEDs 102, 106 are turned off. In the case where it is required to illuminate the diamond 14 with diffuse radiation, the central LED 104 is off and the other two LEDs 102, 106 are on.

The advantage of using a plate beam splitter, as in the second embodiment, instead of a prism beam splitter, is that it eliminates image degradation caused by spurious internal light reflections.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the viewing device according to the first or second embodiments of the present invention can be placed inside one unit 150 comprising a base portion 152 and a cover 154 so as to fit substantially flush with its inner surface. In one embodiment, the screen 156 can rotate along at least one axis, but in a preferred embodiment, the screen 156 is fixed and a turntable (not shown) is provided on the lower surface of the base portion 152 so that the entire unit can be easily rotated.

An on / off switch or button 158 is provided in the base portion 152. Means may also be provided (not shown) for adjusting the light, contrast and brightness of the observed image. Such adjustment means can be performed in part 152 of the base or in the cover 154 next to the screen 156.

An external magnification changing means 160 is provided in the base portion 152, and an external focusing means 162 is also provided.

The viewing platform 164 is mounted on the base portion 152 so that it can be manually swayed or tilted to adjust the position of the diamond 14 during use of the device. Viewing platform 164 includes a pivot plate 165 so that the orientation of the diamond or gemstone being tested can be changed. The pivot plate 165 carries an enlightened window.

The viewing platform 164 is provided with a clasp 166, which is suspended from it, and a spring that slides downward so that during use it can be lifted to place part of the jewelry (not shown) on the enlightened window 10, and then released so that it exerts downward pressure on the diamond, which will be checked, and maintain it in a certain place. The back face or face face of the diamond to be checked must be held essentially parallel to the plane of the enlightened window 10.

Another means for holding a part of the jewelry in position is made in the form of a mechanical arm 170, which is mounted rotatably on the viewing platform 164 so that when it is not used, it can be located below the viewing platform (Fig. 4) and could rotate essentially upright when used (figure 5). The mechanical arm 170 is made with a fastener 172 to capture part of the jewelry or precious stone to hold it in a fixed position. The mechanical arm is again behind the surface of the gem, which will be checked essentially parallel to the enlightened window 10.

Throughout the description and claims, the words “contains”, “comprising” and the like, unless otherwise specified, should be considered in the sense of containing, not exclusive or exhaustive, that is, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.”

The present invention is described above by way of example only and changes may be made within the scope of the invention, which extends to equivalents of the described features.

Although the present invention is mainly intended for testing gemstones and, in particular, faceted gemstones, it is also suitable for testing industrial diamonds.

Claims (47)

1. A device for viewing a diamond or gemstone (14), comprising diffuse lighting means (36 or 102, 106) for illuminating a diamond or gemstone (14) with diffuse radiation, directional lighting means (38 or 104) for illuminating a diamond or gemstone (14) directional radiation, a means (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) of viewing for forming an image of a diamond or a gem (14) illuminated by diffuse radiation or directional radiation, and means (40 or 156) of a display for displaying said images distinguish wherein the viewing device provides viewing of a mark formed on the surface of a diamond or precious stone, while the viewing tool (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) provides the formation of a first image of at least a portion of the surface of a diamond or precious stone when illuminated by diffuse radiation, and a second image when the radiation is reflected from the indicated surface when illuminated by directed radiation and at least a portion of the indicated surface on which the indicated mark is formed, wherein (40 or 156) displays for displaying said image provides an image of said first and second images. 2. The viewing device according to claim 1, characterized in that all the blocks of the device are included in a single housing (150). 3. A device for viewing a diamond or gemstone (14), containing a means (36, 38 or 102, 104, 106) for lighting a diamond or gemstone (14), a means (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) for viewing for forming an image of a diamond or gemstone (14) under lighting, a screen (156) for displaying the specified image, and a housing (150) in which the lighting means (36, 38 or 102, 104, 106) are installed, the means (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) of viewing, a display screen (156), characterized in that the viewing device provides viewing of the mark formed on the surface of the diamond ABC or gem, while the means (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) of viewing provides the formation of an enlarged image of at least a portion of the indicated surface of a diamond or gem with direct reflection of radiation from the specified surface. 4. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the means (28, 22, 30, 32 or 28, 50) of the viewer provides the formation of reflection by means of re-reflection. 5. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it contains a beam splitter (16) for directing radiation from the lighting means to the surface of the diamond or gem being viewed. 6. A viewing device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the diffuse lighting means comprises at least two light sources (102, 106), the light sources (102, 106) being angled so that their paths lighting overlap at least partially. 7. The viewing device according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 4-6, characterized in that it is configured in such a way that the directional lighting means is turned off when the diffuse lighting means is turned on and the diffuse lighting means is turned off in the case when the spotlight is on. 8. A viewing device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the lighting means for image formation, by direct reflection, comprises an opaque screen (34), which is formed with one, usually a central hole (38), and the screen (34) is positioned inside lighting paths during use such that the diamond or gem (14) is illuminated through the diaphragm (38) usually normal to the indicated surface. 9. A viewing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lighting means for forming an image by reflection comprises an opaque screen that is formed with two diaphragms located in the screen on each side of its normal central position, the surface illuminated by beams essentially at the same angle to the normal to the specified surface, while observing along the normal to the specified surface, essentially in opposite directions. 10. The viewing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the illumination means for forming an image by reflection comprises an opaque screen that is formed with one diaphragm offset from the center, and this surface can be illuminated with a beam at an angle to the normal to the indicated surface. 11. A viewing device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the opaque screen has a specified central aperture, said two apertures and said aperture offset from the center, the device being installed in such a way that illumination of a diamond or gem is provided using said central aperture, said two diaphragms and said diaphragm offset from the center. 12. A viewing device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lighting means for forming an image by reflection comprises an opaque screen in which a plurality of apertures are formed. 13. A device for viewing according to one of claims 1, 2, or 4-12, characterized in that one light source (12) is included in said diffuse lighting means (36) and in directional lighting means (38). 14. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it contains means (22 or 50) for changing the degree of increase, through which the specified diamond or gem is examined. 15. A viewing device according to claim 14, characterized in that the means (22) for changing the magnification level comprises a rotary wheel (26) having a plurality of magnifying lenses located around the perimeter (24a, 24b). 16. The viewing device according to 14, characterized in that the means for changing the degree of increase comprises a system with variable image magnification, comprising a system with a fixed magnification and a camera with electronic image magnification. 17. The viewing device according to 14, characterized in that the means (50) for changing the degree of increase contains many lenses (52) and means for moving the lenses in the horizontal direction relative to the corresponding light path. 18. The viewing device according to one of paragraphs.14-17, characterized in that the means for changing the degree of increase is associated with said diffuse lighting means and with directional lighting means, wherein said corresponding lighting means operates when the magnification changes to a predetermined level. 19. The viewing device according to p, characterized in that the first image is formed with a first degree of increase and the specified second image is formed with a second, different from the first, degree of increase. 20. The viewing device according to claim 19, characterized in that the first degree of increase is lower than the second degree of increase. 21. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it contains a movable viewing platform (10) for placing a diamond or gem (14), while the location of the diamond or gem (14) relative to the lighting path is adjusted by moving the specified platform (10). 22. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it comprises a viewing platform (10), at least part of which includes a transparent window, on or above which you can place the diamond or gemstone being examined (14). 23. The viewing device according to claim 22, characterized in that an antireflective coating is applied on the back of the transparent window. 24. A viewing device according to any one of the preceding claims 21-23, characterized in that the viewing platform (10) is mounted by means of a universal suspension with the possibility of tilting and moving the viewing platform when used. 25. A viewing device according to any one of paragraphs.21-24, characterized in that the viewing platform (10) includes a rotary plate with the ability to change the orientation of the diamond or gem around the viewing axis. 26. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it contains means for holding diamond or gemstone (14). 27. A viewing device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the lighting means comprises at least one light emitting diode (12 or 102, 104, 106) of white light. 28. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the viewer comprises a camera (18). 29. A device for viewing according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the display means or display screen comprises a video monitor (40 or 156). 30. The viewing device according to clause 29, wherein the video monitor (156) is made in the form of a liquid crystal viewing monitor. 31. A viewing device according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 4-30, characterized in that the housing (150) includes a cover (154) attached to the base (152), while the display means or the display screen (156) are installed in or on the lid (154). 32. A viewing device according to any one of claims 2-31, characterized in that the display means or display screen (156) rotates relative to the housing (150). 33. A viewing device according to any one of paragraphs.2-32, characterized in that it comprises a rotary table on the bottom surface of the housing (150) with the possibility of rotation of the housing relative to the surface on which it is mounted. 34. A device for viewing according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it implements the image of the mark, which is invisible, and displays the mark on the display tool or display screen. 35. The device for viewing according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it implements the image of the mark formed on the surface of the diamond or gemstone by removing the material of the diamond or gemstone, while the mark does not contain blackouts, while displaying the mark on the tool display or display screen. 36. The viewing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the viewing of the specified mark formed on the surface of a diamond or precious stone (14) is carried out by forming a mark image and displaying the specified mark on the display screen (156). 37. A method for viewing a diamond or gemstone (14), comprising illuminating a diamond or gemstone with diffuse radiation or directional radiation and forming an image on a diamond or gemstone with diffuse or directional lighting, characterized in that the method provides viewing of a mark formed on the surface of the diamond or gemstone (14), includes the following steps: illuminate at least a portion of the indicated surface of a diamond or gemstone (14) by diffuse radiation, illuminate at least a part of said surface by directional radiation forms a first image of at least a portion of said surface under diffuse illumination and by reflection from said surface of directional illumination, a second image is formed of at least a portion of said surface on which the mark is formed, and the first is displayed and a second image, wherein the second image includes a label. 38. The method according to clause 37, wherein the formation of the first image is carried out with a first degree of increase, and the second image with a second degree of increase other than the first degree of increase. 39. The method according to 38, characterized in that the first degree of increase is lower than the second degree of increase. 40. The method according to one of claims 37-39, characterized in that when illuminating a diamond or a precious stone (14) with diffuse radiation, all of at least one facet of a diamond or a precious stone is displayed (14). 41. The method according to one of claims 37-40, characterized in that it includes adjusting the position of the diamond or gemstone (14) relative to the lighting path with the possibility of displaying a mark and displaying a face with the specified mark. 42. The method according to paragraph 41, wherein the position of the diamond or gemstone is regulated to obtain re-reflection. 43. The method according to one of paragraphs 41 or 42, characterized in that the diamond or gemstone is mounted on a movable viewing platform (10), while the position of the diamond or gemstone is adjusted relative to the lighting path by moving the viewing platform (10). 44. The method according to one of claims 37-43, wherein the gem is a precious diamond. 45. The method according to one of claims 37-44, wherein the mark is invisible to the naked eye and when the image is formed by reflection, the mark is displayed on the display means or display screen. 46. The method according to one of claims 37-45, characterized in that the mark is formed on the surface of the diamond or gemstone by removing the material of diamond or gemstone and does not contain significant dimming, and when the image is formed by direct reflection, the mark is displayed on the display means or display screen . 47. The method according to one of claims 37-46, characterized in that the implementation of this method is carried out using devices according to claims 2 and 4-36.

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