RU2225100C2 - Method for regulating growth and development of cereal crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves treating winter and summer wheat and barley crops with growth promoter Biosil produced on the base of natural mixture of triterpenic acids separated from wood green of Siberian fir by extracting with the use of aliphatic alcohols; providing single treatment of seeds and double treatment of vegetating plants of wheat and barley, with optimal consumption rate of preparation being 20-50 ml/hectare for vegetating plants and 30-50 ml/t for seeds. EFFECT: enhanced growing processes, increased yield and improved quality of cereal crops. 5 cl, 10 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to stimulate growth, increase productivity and quality of crops.

 To obtain high and stable grain crops, it is necessary to create and introduce highly effective growth regulators that meet modern technology and environmental requirements. Chemical means of protection and regulation of plant growth that have been used for many years in Russian agriculture have led to a disruption of the natural balance in ecosystems that have developed over millennia. Environmental pollution has led to the extinction of a number of beneficial insects, wild birds and animals, soil microorganisms and valuable fish species. Therefore, the creation of modern environmentally friendly natural growth regulators is a very urgent task. In addition to maintaining the natural balance, natural regulators in the technologies for growing grain crops will stimulate the growth and development of plants, increase productivity, improve the quality of marketable products and strengthen immunity to diseases.

 There are various methods of regulating the growth of wheat plants using natural and synthetic biologically active substances, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, fusicoccins, abscisic acid, etc. (Shevelukha BC Plant growth and its regulation in ontogenesis. M., Kolos, 1992 ) However, some of these substances are expensive and do not provide sufficient effectiveness, while others are not widely used due to insufficient stability and biological activity.

 The closest analogue to the claimed method is a method of regulating the growth and development of crops, including treating seeds and vegetative plants with an aqueous solution of the microbiological preparation Agat-25K at a dose of 14 g / ha (List of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use in the Russian Federation. Appendix to the journal "Protection and quarantine of plants." M., "Kolos", 2001).

 The known method allows to increase productivity by 10.4-20.6%.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is its lower stability and biological effectiveness, as well as less technological application forms of release and the short shelf life inherent in all microbiological preparations.

 The technical task of the present invention is to increase the growth processes of productivity and quality of crops.

 The problem is achieved in that in the proposed method for regulating the growth and development of crops, including treating seeds and vegetating plants with an aqueous solution of a growth regulator, according to the invention, the preparation “Biosil” is used as a growth regulator, which is a natural mixture of triterpene acids isolated from wood Siberian fir greens using aliphatic alcohols, while seed treatment is carried out once in a dose of 10-100 ml / t according to the preparation, and treatment of vegetative plants by ayney least once in a dose of 10-100 ml / ha at each drug treatment.

 In a preferred embodiment, aliphatic alcohols are selected from the group of alcohols with the number of carbon atoms 1-3 containing not more than 50 wt.% Water.

 In a preferred embodiment, the seeds are treated with winter and spring wheat and barley using a commercially available pickling equipment at a dose of 30-50 ml / t of the preparation.

 In a preferred embodiment, the treatment of vegetative plants of winter and spring wheat and barley is carried out by spraying with commercially available sprayers twice in a dose of 20-50 ml / ha for the preparation during each treatment.

 In a preferred embodiment, the preparation "Biosil" is used in the form of a 10% aqueous emulsion.

 The use of the biosil preparation as a growth regulator in an experimentally selected concentration can significantly increase the yield and quality of marketable products. The multiplicity of treatments was established experimentally and contributes to obtaining the highest indicators of yield and product quality. Reducing or increasing the frequency of treatments and consumption rates will lead to a decrease in biological and economic efficiency.

 The optimal consumption rate of the “Biosil” preparation for treating seeds and vegetative plants was selected experimentally, its optimum is set in the range of 10-100 ml / t for seeds and 10-100 ml / ha for vegetating plants. If this dosage is exceeded, the yield increase is leveled by the price of the drug, and when it is lowered, the biological activity of the drug’s effect decreases.

 The drug "Biosil" is an aqueous emulsion of dark green color. The active substance (triterpene acids) is highly soluble in organic solvents and some emulsifiers, but insoluble in water. A commercial preparation is a 10% (100 g / l) aqueous emulsion. The active substance and the drug "Biosil" have high stability and have a long shelf life.

 The following are examples of the invention. These examples confirm, but do not limit the application of the claimed invention.

 The counts and observations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods of the research institute in the field experience. The experiments were carried out taking into account the recommended regional agricultural technology. Studies were conducted on zoned cereal varieties. Sowing was carried out according to agrotechnical dates. The seeding rate was consistent with the agricultural technology of crop cultivation.

 Obtaining the active substance (triterpene acids) consists in grinding wood green fir and extraction with an organic extractant, followed by isolation of the target product. As an extractant, an aliphatic alcohol selected from the group of alcohols with the number of carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 or acetone containing not more than 50 wt.% Water is used, the target product is isolated by distillation of a mixture of alcohol / water or acetone / water, then water is separated, with subsequent use of the distilled mixture as an extractant.

The active substance obtained in this way is a viscous pasty mass of greenish-brown color, insoluble in water, but readily soluble in ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, tert-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and some emulsifiers. The empirical formula is C ₃₀ H ₄₄ O ₄ . In accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76, the active substance (a natural mixture of triterpenic acids) for acute oral and skin toxicity belongs to the 4th hazard class. It does not have a sensitizing effect, does not pose an inhalation hazard and is not carcinogenic. The substance is not toxic to honey bees, fish, birds and earthworms, since it is a natural compound and quickly decomposes in the environment during natural metabolism.

 The preparative form of the Biosil preparation is prepared by dissolving the active substance (the sum of triterpene acids) in an emulsifier by heating and adding hot water to the required concentration. The result is a 10% aqueous emulsion of a commercial preparation, which, before application to the plants, is diluted with water to the required concentration, depending on the rate of use of the preparation per unit area.

Example 1
The proposed method for regulating the growth and development of wheat was tested on a variety of winter wheat Spartanka. The sowing rate corresponded to 5 million seeds per hectare. Soils - ordinary chernozems with a humus content in the arable layer from 3.5 to 4%. Sowing was carried out on October 13. Entrances received - October 23. The resumption of vegetation on March 15, the pickup on April 23, the spike on May 21, flowering on May 26, full ripeness on July 4-5, and harvesting on July 12. Lodging of crops was not observed. Fertilizers were applied under the main treatment: N ₄₀ P ₈₀ K ₆₀ .

 Seed treatment was carried out once (immediately before sowing), and the vegetation plants were sprayed twice (the first - between the phases of tillering - exit into the tube, the second - from the appearance of the flag leaf to the start of earing in doses: 30, 40, 50 ml / ha. the solution was 300 l / ha, respectively, the concentration of the drug was 0.006, 0.013, 0.016%. Spraying with clean water at the rate of 300 l / ha was used as a control. The growth regulator Agat-25K at a dose of 14 g / ha was used as a reference.

Scheme of experience:
1) control (spraying with water);
2) Agate-25 (standard) - 14 g / ha;
3) Biosil - 30 ml / ha;
4) Biosil - 40 ml / ha;
5) Biosil - 50 ml / ha.

 The test results are presented in table. 1, 2 and 3.

 From the data given in table. 1, 2 and 3, it is seen that the most optimal is the dose of the "Biosil" preparation, which lies in the range of 30-50 ml / ha. The indicators given in table. 2, indicate an increase in grain quality when using optimal doses of the biosil growth regulator, for example, the content of protein and raw gluten increases by 1.9-3.2%, respectively. The data table. 3 show that the treatment of spring wheat in optimal doses with the Biosil preparation allows to obtain a yield increase of 8.3-8.7%.

Example 2
The proposed method for regulating the growth and development of spring wheat was tested on a medium-late variety of the intensive type Omskaya-18. The sowing rate corresponded to 4.5 million seeds per hectare. The soil is leached chernozem with a humus content according to Tyurin 4.8%, aqueous pH 6.7-6.9, the precursor is steam. Soil cultivation included autumn plowing with a PN-4-35 plow to a depth of 22-25 cm, spring harrowing in two tracks and pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5-7 cm.

 Seed treatment was carried out once (immediately before sowing), and the vegetation plants were sprayed twice (the first - between the phases of tillering - exit into the tube, the second - from the appearance of the flag leaf to the start of earing in doses: 30, 40, 50 ml / ha. the solution was 300 l / ha, respectively, the concentration of the drug was 0.006, 0.013, 0.016%. Spraying with clean water at the rate of 300 l / ha was used as a control. The growth regulator Agat-25K at a dose of 14 g / ha was used as a reference.

Scheme of experience:
1) control (spraying with water);
2) Agate-25 (standard) - 14 g / ha;
3) Biosil - 30 ml / ha;
4) Biosil - 40 ml / ha;
5) Biosil - 50 ml / ha.

 The test results are presented in table. 4, 5, 6.

 From the data given in table. 4, 5 and 6, it is seen that the most optimal is the dose of the drug "Biosil", which lies in the range of 30-50 ml / ha. The indicators given in table. 4, indicate an improvement in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of wheat plants, namely, an increase in the number and average weight of grains in an ear and a mass of 1000 grains when using optimal doses of the Biosil growth regulator. The data table. 5 indicate a decrease in the level of wheat diseases when using the proposed method, which also improves the quality of grain. The data table. 6 show that the treatment of winter wheat in optimal doses with the “Biosil” preparation makes it possible to obtain a yield increase of 14.3 to 15.2%.

Example 3
The proposed method for regulating growth and development was tested on spring barley of the Korvet variety and winter barley of the Kozyr variety. Seed treatment was carried out once (immediately before sowing), and the vegetative plants were sprayed twice (the first - between the phases of tillering - exit into the tube, the second - from the appearance of the flag leaf to the start of earing in doses: 30, 40, 50 ml / ha. the solution was 300 l / ha, respectively, the concentration of the drug was 0.006, 0.013, 0.016%. Spraying with clean water at the rate of 300 l / ha was used as a control. The growth regulator Agat-25K at a dose of 14 g / ha was used as a reference.

Scheme of experience:
1) control (spraying with water);
2) Agate-25 (standard) - 14 g / ha;
3) Biosil - 30 ml / ha;
4) Biosil - 40 ml / ha;
5) Biosil - 50 ml / ha.

 The test results for winter and spring barley are presented in table. 7, 8, 9.

 From the data given in table. 7, 8, 9 and 10, it is seen that the most optimal is the dose of the “Biosil” preparation, which lies in the range of 30-50 ml / ha. The indicators given in table. 7 and 9, indicate the greatest increase in growth processes by accumulation of dry matter in variants using the proposed method. In the table. Figures 8 and 10 show that the use of optimal doses of the Biosil preparation leads to an improvement in qualitative and quantitative indicators, namely, an increase in the number and average weight of grains in an ear, a mass of 1000 grains, as well as an increase in barley yield from 14.1 to 27.6 %

Claims (5)

1. A method of regulating the growth and development of crops, including the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with an aqueous solution of a growth regulator, characterized in that the preparation "Biosil" is used as a growth regulator, which is a natural mixture of triterpene acids isolated from Siberian fir green wood using aliphatic alcohols, in this case, seed treatment is carried out once with a dose of 10-100 ml / t for the preparation, and vegetative plants are treated at least once with a dose of 10-100 ml / ha for the preparation at waiting for processing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aliphatic alcohols are selected from the group of alcohols with the number of carbon atoms 1-3, containing not more than 50 wt.% Water. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seeds are treated with winter and spring wheat and barley using commercially available pickling equipment at a dose of 30-50 ml / t for the preparation. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vegetative plants are treated with winter and spring wheat and barley by spraying with commercially available sprayers 2 times with a dose of 20-50 ml / ha for the preparation during each treatment. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the preparation "Biosil" is used in the form of a 10% aqueous emulsion.

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