RU2213170C1 - Apparatus for producing fibrous materials from thermoplastic melts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of synthetic materials from thermoplastic substances and mixtures thereof. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has shaft, bearing unit, reactor mounted for rotation of shaft and provided with outer and inner shells, inlet branch pipes for supplying melt to reactor, spinneret, annular air duct, plate with central opening for passage of reactor shaft. Plate wall facing interior of reactor is spaced from upper part of its inner shell and is provided with coaxial channel. Inlet branch pipes are mounted on plate and positioned between central opening and coaxial channel. Apparatus is adapted for producing synthetic materials on the basis of high-quality industrial raw materials as well as various kinds of domestic and industrial thermoplastic wastes and may be used for obtaining of sorbents for catching oil and petroleum products from water. EFFECT: simplified construction, increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of fibrous synthetic materials from thermoplastic substances and mixtures thereof, including both high-quality industrial raw materials and various types of household and industrial wastes of thermoplastic materials.

 The invention with the greatest effect can be used to obtain sorbents that trap oil and oil products from water.

 A device is known (patent 2164563, IPC 7 D 01 D 5/08, BIMP 9, 2001), which contains a horizontally rotating hollow reactor, on which flat ribs are installed on the inner surface, the open part is made in the form of a diverging body, a heater, an annular an air duct, a flat cover, a hollow glass mounted inside the reactor, the glass being installed without a gap relative to the ribs, but with a gap between its bottom and the bottom of the reactor, as well as between their conical parts. In this design of the reactor, the melt is introduced into the inner surface of the reactor through the opening of the reactor bottom into the gap between the reactor bottoms and the cup.

 A significant drawback of this device is the complexity of the design of the supply of the melt into the gap between the reactor and the nozzle through the feed nozzle inside the hollow shaft mounted in the bearings. But in order for the melt not to freeze in the feed nozzle, the nozzle must be heated to the temperature of the polymer melt, and this leads to heating of the bearing assembly, which must be intensively cooled, which is not economically feasible.

 Another device is known (patent RU 2174165, D 01 D 5/08, 09/27/2001) for producing fibrous materials from molten thermoplastics containing a heated rotating hollow reactor, on which flat ribs are installed on the inner surface, and the open part is made in the form the diverging cone, the cover and the annular duct, further comprises a steam generator, a casing in which the reactor is placed, and a rotating melt diffuser mounted inside the reactor, attached to the rod, the melt diffuser being made of two IG Petritskaya interconnected parts; the upper part is a truncated cone, and the lower one is a plate with a diameter exceeding the large base of the cone, which is connected to the flat surface of the cone by this base, while the reactor is mounted vertically and made in the form of a paraboloid, the expanding part of which is directed downward, with flat ribs only in the lower part of the reactor, the surface of the casing repeats the surface of the reactor, and the steam generator is connected with its inlet and outlet to the cavity between the casing and the reactor, forming a closed steam round, moreover, the cover is formed as a disk mounted at the flat edges, wherein the ribs are connected to the generator disk.

 The execution of the reactor in the form of a paraboloid creates the optimal mode of flow of the melt film along the inner wall of the reactor due to the uniform discharge of the melt from the edges of the rotating diffuser attached to the rod.

 This solution is the closest in technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

 Using this device, it became possible to obtain fibers with almost the same cross section. To achieve this positive effect, the reactor is installed vertically in this device, which creates conditions for the passage of identical trajectories of elongated fibers from the melt film from the edge of a rotating reactor. However, the main drawback of the fiber former is a technically difficult device for heating the reactor - it is the creation of a hermetically sealed steam circuit between the casing and the rotating reactor. At present, the creation of such a closed steam circuit is a very problematic task.

Another disadvantage is that when the reactor is rotated from the diffuser plate, part of the melt, hitting the wall of the paraboloid, is reflected in the form of dispersed droplets, forming a melt outgrowth on the surface of the rod and cover, which leads to almost no heated part of the melt and to the formation of low-quality fiber,
The aim of the present invention is to simplify the design, increase its productivity and reliability.

 This goal is achieved in that the device for producing fibrous material contains a plate with a central hole for passing the reactor shaft, additional inlet pipes for supplying the melt and a die, while the wall of the plate facing the inside of the reactor is installed with a gap to the upper part of its inner shell and has a coaxial groove, and the inlet nozzles are mounted on the plate and located between the Central hole and the coaxial groove, in addition, the spherical part of the outer shell of the reactor has There is a cylindrical shell, which is installed with a gap in the groove of the plate.

To uniformly supply the molten polymer material to the upper part of the inner shell of the reactor, three inlet pipes are mounted on the plate, arranged at an angle of 120 ^{° to} each other and directed by connecting flanges in one direction for connection to a common supply pipe.

 The outer open part of the die is protected by a heat-insulating screen, which helps to maintain a steady temperature inside the reactor. The central hole in the plate is equipped with an inlet tube, in which a shaft passes coaxially with a gap, which is fixed with its upper end in the bearing assembly. The inlet tube in the lower and upper part is hermetically connected to the stove and the casing to prevent the heat-insulating material from entering the reactor.

 A compact heat exchanger with a cylindrically finned surface is mounted on the shaft in front of the end of the upper part of the inlet tube. Between the proximate cylindrical rib and the end face of the upper part of the inlet tube there is a gap, the proximal cylindrical rib in the form of an inverted cup. A compact heat exchanger serves to cool the reactor shaft by removing heat during rotation of the reactor shaft, and the implementation of the near cylindrical rib in the form of an inverted cup helps to control the heat flow of air from the reactor and maintain the temperature regime inside the reactor.

 For better heat removal from the shaft, the compact heat exchanger is made of lightweight material, such as aluminum, which has good thermal conductivity.

 To intensify the cooling of the bearing assembly, in order to protect the bearing lubrication from overheating, a fan is installed behind the compact heat exchanger on the shaft, which contains a cylindrical casing with an intake manifold.

 The heating elements (NE) are distributed along the axis of the reactor and are installed coaxially with a gap in its outer shell with a decrease in the power of the heating elements to its upper spherical part.

 To create a uniform temperature field inside the reactor and reduce heat loss between the reflector and the casing, heat-insulating material, for example fireclay chips, is poured.

 The outer and inner shells of the reactor are mounted coaxially with respect to each other with a gap through the distance bushings and are fixed with rivets.

The essence of this technical solution lies in the fact that
- inlet nozzles are located between the Central inlet in the plate for passing the shaft of the reactor and a coaxial groove in the plate, made in its wall, facing the inside of the reactor;
- the spherical part of the outer shell of the reactor has a cylindrical shell, which with a gap is installed coaxially in the groove in the plate and prevents melt drops from entering the heating elements.

- on the plate are mounted three inlet nozzles located at an angle of 120 ^{o to} each other, directed by connecting flanges to one side and connected to a common feed pipe from the extruder;
- the technical solution allows to simplify the design and increase the productivity of the reactor.

 Simplification of the design is achieved by removing the melt supply through the inlet pipe outside the inlet in the plate under the reactor shaft.

 The use of a compact heat exchanger with a fan on the reactor shaft for cooling the shaft and bearing assembly outside the upper end of the inlet tube made it possible to solve a difficult technical problem by simply blowing air through the shaft and bearing assembly.

 The increase in productivity is achieved by increasing the number of additional inlet pipes for feeding the melt into the reactor.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device; figure 2 - a view of figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1.

 A device for producing fibrous materials from thermoplastics (Fig. 1) contains a plate 1 with a central hole 2 for passing the shaft 3 of the reactor 4, additional inlet pipes 5 for supplying the melt and a die 6, while the wall of the plate 1 facing the inside of the reactor 4 is installed with the gap to the upper part of its inner shell 7 and has a coaxial groove 8, and the inlet pipes 5 are mounted on the plate 1 and are located between the Central hole 2 and the coaxial groove 8, in addition, the spherical part of the outer shell 9 of the reactor 4 them a cylindrical shell 10, which is installed with clearance in the groove 8 plate 1.

On the plate 1 mounted three inlet pipe 5, located at an angle of 120 ^{o to} each other and directed by connecting flanges 11 in one direction for connection to a common supply pipe 12 (figure 2).

 The outer part of the die 6 is protected by a heat-insulating screen 13 made, for example, of fluoroplastic.

 The Central hole 2 in the plate 1 is equipped with an inlet tube 14, in which a shaft 3 passes coaxially with a gap, which is fixed with its upper end in the bearing assembly 15. The inlet tube 14 in the lower and upper part is hermetically connected to the plate 1 and the casing 16, to prevent heat insulation material 17 inside the reactor 4.

 A compact heat exchanger 18 with a cylindrically finned surface is mounted on the shaft 3 in front of the end face of the upper part of the inlet tube 14. Between the proximate cylindrical rib 19 and the end face of the upper part of the inlet tube 14 there is a gap, the proximal cylindrical rib 19 being made in the form of an inverted cup.

 Behind the compact heat exchanger 18, a fan 20 is mounted on the shaft 3, comprising a cylindrical casing 21 with an intake manifold 22.

 Heating elements (N.E.) 23 are distributed along the axis of the reactor 4 and are mounted coaxially with a gap to its outer shell 9 with a decrease in the power of the heating elements 23 to its upper spherical part, which contributes to uniform heating of the reactor 4 throughout the volume.

 To create a uniform temperature field inside the reactor 4 and to reduce heat loss between the reflector 24 and the casing 16, heat-insulating material 17, for example fireclay chips, is poured.

 The outer 9 and inner 7 shell of the reactor 4 are installed coaxially relative to each other with a gap through the distance sleeve 25 and are fixed with rivets 26 (Fig.3).

 To start the reactor 4 in operation, the reactor 4 is equipped with a drive pulley 27.

 The annular duct 28 is designed to form an air stream that thins and cools the trickles of the melt at the same time to form a fiber.

 A device for producing fibrous materials from molten thermoplastics works as follows.

 Before operation, the reactor 4 is heated to operating temperature by turning on the heating elements 23. The heat radiation from the heating elements 23 propagates both towards the reactor 4 and towards the reflector 24. The heat flux reaching the reflector 24 is reflected from it and returns to reactor 4, additionally heats it.

 Due to the independent regulation of the power of the heating elements 23, a relatively isothermal temperature field is created around the entire perimeter of the reactor 4.

 After the device is ready for operation, through the pulley 25 of the V-belt transmission, the reactor 4 is rotated with a given angular velocity.

 Then, a molten polymer material is pumped through the inlet pipes 5 into the inner part of the reactor 4, which is uniformly discharged from the upper spherical part of the inner shell 7 onto the inner wall of the outer shell 9, on which it spreads uniformly, forming a uniform melt film and moving down to the die 6, is divided into it into separate streams and, further moving due to centrifugal force, breaks down from the reactor 4, forms thin fibers.

Due to the placement of the inlet pipe 5 between the Central hole 2 in the plate 1 and the groove 8 made in the plate 1 on the wall facing the inside of the reactor 4, and also by increasing the number of inlet pipes 5 and located on the plate 1 at an angle of 120 ^{o to} each other, allowed to supply the molten polymer material uniformly and unhindered, which made it possible to significantly simplify and increase the productivity of the installation.

Claims (3)

 1. A device for producing fibrous material, comprising a shaft, a bearing assembly, a rotating reactor having an outer and inner shell, an inlet pipe for supplying melt to the inside of the reactor, an annular duct, characterized in that it contains a plate with a central hole for passing the reactor shaft, additional inlet pipes for supplying the melt and the die, while the wall of the plate facing the inside of the reactor is installed with a gap to the upper part of its inner shell and has a coaxial groove, m inlets are mounted on a plate and arranged between the central bore and a coaxial groove.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the spherical part of the outer shell of the reactor has a cylindrical shell, which is installed with a gap in the groove of the plate. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that for the uniform supply of the molten polymer material to the upper part of the inner shell of the reactor, three inlet pipes are mounted on the plate, arranged at an angle of 120 ^{° to} each other and directed by connecting flanges in one direction for connection to a common supply pipe.

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