RU2195356C1 - Module and filter for water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for purification of water, mainly, potable one. SUBSTANCE: module for water purification based on siphon effect includes body having filtering chamber accommodating filter medium, means in body base for supply of water to be purified and ensuring water through filtering chamber from bottom upward, airtight cavity in module upper part for receiving of purified water passing from filtering chamber, and device for withdrawal of purified water in the form of downcast shaft whose inlet is communicated with airtight cavity, and outlet is located below means of water supply for purification. Downcast shaft is made with at least one device for regulation of water filtering and located in upper part of downcast shaft at height below airtight cavity of receiving of purified water sufficient for overcoming of surface tension forces for provision of water filtering in module and withdrawal of purified water with water level below module upper level. Device for regulation of water filtering is made in the form of jet nozzle with one linear size smaller than size of particles of filter medium on base of granulated and/or fibrous material. Downcast shaft may be made in the form of channel of variable or constant cross-section, or detachable and consisting at least of two members. Filter for water purification based on siphon effect has in combination a module of said design and container for water with upper section for purified water. Tightly secured inside said section in concave base by means of protruding of downcast shaft is filter module with concave base and lower section for purified water in the form of jar whose upper part accommodating section for water to be purified. Invention provides for purification of water by filtering through adsorption-bactericidal material under domestic conditions by self-flowing from bottom upward on basis of siphon effect. EFFECT: increased reliability of filtering process in time. 12 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The group of inventions relates to water purification devices, mainly drinking water, in which it is possible to filter it through adsorption-bactericidal material in domestic conditions by gravity from the bottom up based on the siphon effect, ensuring the quality of purified water.

 The group of inventions can find application for the purification of drinking water and other household liquids in the chemical, medical and other industries.

 Known filters for drinking water purification used in domestic conditions, are in combination a tank of purified water, in the lower part of which a filter module is fixed, which ensures water purification by filtration through the module by gravity in the direction from top to bottom under the influence of gravitational forces and the collection of purified water in lower capacity for purified water. Granular activated carbon is most often used as the filter material located in the filter chamber of the module. For the effective operation of such filters, it is necessary, on the one hand, to ensure that water flows through the filter with minimal resistance, and on the other hand, to ensure that the water remains in the filter for the time necessary for sorption of dissolved contaminants. Moreover, granular sorbents used in practice do not fully provide the required filtration resistance to water flow.

 To keep the sorbent particles in the filter cartridge, an additional filter element with small pores is often installed at the filter outlet, which, when the water flows by gravity from top to bottom (in the direction of gravity) is often clogged with fine dusty particles of a granular sorbent. This significantly reduces the life of the filter.

 Another problem when using known filter designs with water filtration under the action of gravity by gravity in the direction from top to bottom is the formation of gas and air bubbles inside the filter material. Formed bubbles block the pores, impede and sometimes completely impede the flow of water through the filter. To solve this problem, special gas-trapping structures are developed in the filter, which significantly complicates, increases the cost and limits the applicability of the filters.

 A significant drawback of the known filter designs, in which filtering by gravity is carried out by gravity from top to bottom, is also the phenomenon of complete drainage of the filter at the end of the filtering process. This limits the possibility of using ion-exchange materials as filtering and sorbing agents, which do not withstand the periodic change of drainage and humidification and, in this mode, cease to work normally.

 For high-quality water purification, it is necessary to provide filtering in the filter by gravity in the direction from the bottom up under the action of gravitational forces so that the level of cleaned water in the filter can be higher than the level of water supply to the filter module. This is necessary to clean the entire volume of water without additional losses of treated water, to prevent premature clogging of the pores of the filter material and to ensure automatic removal of air and / or gases from the filter material.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by designing a filter for cleaning liquids, mainly water, based on the siphon effect described in RF patent 2125974, publ. 02/10/1999, Bull 4, MKI C 02 F 9/00. The filter contains in combination a module with a liquid container. The filtration module includes a housing having a filtration chamber with filter material located therein, means for supplying purified water at the base of the housing, allowing fluid to flow through the filtration chamber from the bottom up, an airtight cavity in the upper part of the module housing for collecting purified fluid passing from the filtration chamber, and means for draining the purified liquid in the form of a downward channel, the input of which communicates with the sealed cavity, and the outlet is located below the means for supplying the liquid to be cleaned . At the same time, the means for supplying the liquid to be cleaned into the filter module is made in the form of holes or holes in the base of the housing. Permeable hydrophilic material can be placed on the supply side of the cleaned liquid and / or drainage of the cleaned liquid to ensure that the filter module remains filled with liquid after filtering.

 The liquid container has an upper section for the liquid to be cleaned, inside of which a filter module having a convex-shaped base and a lower section for the purified liquid, made in the form of a jug, is placed at the concave base. The upper section for the liquid to be cleaned is made in the form of an insert or funnel mounted in the upper part of the jug. Both sections of the liquid container are made of transparent material.

 In order to allow air and / or gases to be removed from the filter material and to fill the descending channel with liquid at the beginning of the filtration, the upper part of the descending channel communicating with the sealed cavity for collecting purified liquid is made with walls protruding relative to the surface of the upper layer of the filter material. An opening is made in the lower part of the section for the liquid to be cleaned, in which the lower part of the descending channel protruding relative to the filter module housing is tightly secured, allowing purified liquid to be drained from the filter module.

 As the filter material, an adsorption-bactericidal material based on granular activated carbon and / or activated carbon fiber can be used and / or additionally it can contain an adsorption-bactericidal material based on granular and / or fibrous ion-exchange material.

With the main advantages of the design of the filter and the module, designed to purify liquids, mainly drinking water based on the siphon effect, the disadvantage is the interruption of the filtration jet at a low filtration rate of water at the end of the filtration. The interruption of the jet occurs due to the ingress of a sufficiently large air bubble into the descending channel, formed due to the release of air dissolved in the filtered material after filtering in cold water after a multi-cycle filtration of cold tap water, the temperature of which is approximately 3-5 ^o C. First of all, concerns the filtration of tap water under pressure. At the first stages of filtration, the filtration rate and working pressure are sufficiently high, which make it possible to stretch the resulting air bubble. But with minimal pressure, this is impossible. Therefore, for high-quality water treatment it is necessary to achieve the stability of the filtration process without interruption in time.

 The general objective of the group of inventions and the required technical result achieved using the inventions is to create a module and filter for water purification based on the siphon effect, which ensure the reliability of the filtration process over time.

 The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the group of inventions is achieved by the fact that in the module for water purification based on the siphon effect, which includes a housing having a filter chamber with filter material located in it, means for supplying purified water at the base of the housing, providing water flow through the filter chamber from the bottom up, a sealed cavity in the upper part of the module housing for collecting purified water passing from the filter chamber, and the drainage means is cleaned water in the form of a downward channel, the inlet of which communicates with the sealed cavity, and the outlet is located below the means for supplying purified water, according to the invention, the downward channel is made with at least one means of regulating water filtration located in the upper part of the downward channel at a height below the tight cavity collecting purified water sufficient to overcome the surface tension forces with the possibility of filtering the water in the module and draining the purified water at a water level below the upper level of the module .

 In this case, the means for regulating water filtration is made in the form of a jet with one linear size smaller than the particle size of the filter material based on granular and / or fibrous material. One of the linear dimensions of the means for controlling water filtration is less than the diameter of the granular filter material when used as a filter material is granular or less than the length of the fibrous material, if fibrous material is used as the filter material. (The nozzle is a calibrated hole in the part that dispenses the flow of liquid or gas. "Big Encyclopedic Dictionary Polytechnic", Moscow, 1998, p. 171).

 And the downward channel can be made in the form of a channel of variable or constant cross-section of a rectangular, trapezoidal, polygonal, round shape.

 The downward channel can be made detachable, at least consisting of two elements, which can be made different from each other, the shape of a constant cross section or variable and constant cross sections of the same or different form.

At least two elements of the downward channel can be made axially located relative to each other or one of the elements of the downward channel is made at an angle of less than 90 ^o relative to the other.

 In the filter for water purification based on a siphon effect, comprising in combination a module including a housing having a filter chamber with filter material located therein, means for supplying purified water at the base of the housing, allowing water to flow through the filter chamber from the bottom up, an airtight cavity in the upper part module housing for collecting purified water passing from the filter chamber, and a means for removing purified water in the form of a downward channel, the inlet of which communicates with the sealed cavity, and the outlet e is located below the means for supplying purified water, and a water container having an upper section for purified water, inside of which a filter module having a convex shape base and a lower section for purified water, according to the invention, a downward channel of the module described above is placed designs.

 In the filtration process, after multi-cycle filtering of cold tap water, an air bubble forms in the downstream channel at a water level below the upper level of the downstream channel. To remove the air bubble, the downward channel is made with at least one means of regulating the filtration of water located in the upper part of the downward channel at a height below the sealed cavity for collecting purified water, sufficient to overcome the surface tension forces. The means for regulating the water filtration makes it possible to remove the air bubble under the action of gravity of the water droplet in the central part of the descending channel and the difference in the volumes of the descending channel and the water droplet. In order that the filtration time does not exceed a predetermined one (for example, no more than 10-15 minutes), the means for regulating water filtration is made in the form of a jet. And its implementation with one linear size smaller than the particle size of the filter material based on granular and / or fibrous material, leads to the fact that with a minimum thickness of the means for regulating the filtration of water, it is blocked by a layer of filter material. During normal operation of the module, the water flow does not occur through the means of regulating water filtration, and when the filtration is interrupted, when an air bubble is formed, water begins to flow slowly through it, gradually filling and filling the downward channel, after which the module resumes its normal operation. In addition, changing the configuration of the downstream channel allows you to maintain the stability of the filtering process in time and prevents the filtering process, i.e. transition from a state of filtration in the form of a water stream to a state of droplet formation.

 One of the advantages of the claimed group of inventions is also the ability to filter water of a larger volume, since the constructive design of the module allows filtering the water in the filter and the removal of purified water at a level below the upper level of the module.

 All of the above ensures the reliability of the filtering process over time.

 The disclosure of the essence of the group of inventions, their advantages and possibilities of use are explained below by the listed drawings and description.

 Figure 1 shows a General view of the module for water purification based on the siphon effect.

 In FIG. 2 shows a module having a downward channel of variable cross-section of circular shape.

 In FIG. 3 shows a module having a downward channel of constant cross section of a polygonal shape.

 Figure 4 shows a module having a downward channel made of two elements of constant cross-sections of different shapes from each other.

 Figure 5 shows a module having a downward channel made of two elements of variable and constant cross-sections of the same shape.

 Figure 6 shows a module having a downward channel made of two elements of variable and constant cross-sections of different shapes from each other.

 In FIG. 7 shows a general view of a filter for water purification based on a siphon effect.

The module for water purification based on the siphon effect (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, inside of which there is a filtration chamber 2 with filter material based on granular and / or fibrous material (activated carbon and / or activated carbon fiber and / or granular ion-exchange or fibrous material) 3, means for supplying purified water 4 and means for removing purified water 5. Means for supplying purified water at the base of the casing, ensuring water flows through the filter chamber 2 from the bottom px, made in the form of holes 4. In the upper part of the module housing there is a sealed cavity 6 for collecting purified water passing from the filter chamber 2. The purified water removal means located inside the module housing is made in the form of a downward channel 5, the input of which communicates with the sealed cavity 6, and the outlet is located below the means of supplying the purified water 4. The downward channel 5 is made with at least one means for regulating the filtration of water 7 in the form of a nozzle located at the top of the downward channel 5 ilk sealed cavity 6 collecting purified water sufficient to overcome the surface tension forces to provide a water filtration module and discharging purified water at a water level below the top-level module. Moreover, the means for regulating the filtration of water 7 is made with one linear size smaller than the particle size of the filter material based on granular and / or fibrous material (less than the diameter of the granular filter material or less than the length of the fibrous material). The upper part 8 of the downward channel 5 is made protruding relative to the filter material 3, and the lower part 9 of the downward channel 5 is made protruding relative to the lower part of the housing 1 of the module (Fig. 1). The downward channel 5 can be made in the form of a channel of variable or constant cross-section, polygonal or round in shape or detachable, at least consisting of two elements made in the form of channels of different shapes of constant cross-sections; variable and constant cross-sections of the same or different form from each other (Fig.1-6). Two elements of the downward channel can be made axially located relative to each other or one of the elements of the downward channel is made at an angle of less than 90 ^o relative to the other. Inside the housing 1 of the module from the side of the supply of purified and / or removal of purified water can be additionally located layers of permeable hydrophilic material 10.

 The filter for water purification based on the siphon effect (Fig. 8) contains in combination a module of the above construction and a water container having an upper section for purified water 11, inside of which a concave-shaped base is hermetically fixed in the hole through the lower protruding part 9 of the downward channel 5 a filter module having a convex shaped base and a lower section for purified water 12 in the form of a jug, in the upper part of which a section for purified water 11 is inserted.

 The siphon effect water treatment module is an easily replaceable removable design.

 The specific dimensions and individual design parameters of the module and filter can be selected by specialists depending on the purpose and performance of the filter. Depending on the filter performance, in the downstream channel of the module, more than one means of regulating water filtration can be performed.

 Practically any materials known and used in water treatment devices, as well as known assembly technologies, can be used as structural materials.

 The module and filter for water purification based on the siphon effect operate as follows (Fig. 7).

The module is installed in the hole of the section for purified water 11 by means of the lower protruding part 9 of the downward channel 5 of the filter module. The section for purified water 11, made in the form of a funnel with a module, is installed in the upper part of the section for purified water 12, made in the form of a jug. At the beginning of the filtering process, a section for purified water is filled with water 11. After filling the module with purified water, displacing air from the filter material 3 and filling the airtight cavity 6 in the upper part of the module and the downward channel 5, with a constant circular cross-section, the filtering process starts automatically water flows by gravity through the means for supplying purified water 4 through the filter chamber 2 with the filter material 3 in the direction from the bottom up and is discharged through a downward channel 5, made with means for regulating the filtration of water 7 in the form of a nozzle, into the purified water section 12 (into a jug). Subsequently, the purified water is completely sucked out from the section for purified water 11 and is filtered, passing through the module by gravity in the direction from the bottom up. This ensures the automatic removal of all purified water from the section for purified water 11 due to the siphon effect. To clean the next portion of water, the procedure for filling the section for purified water 11 is repeated or, in the filtering process, additionally add purified water to the section for purified water 11. In the filtering process, after multi-cycle filtering of cold tap water at a temperature of about +5 ^o С, an air bubble forms in the downstream channel 5 at a water level below the upper level of the downward channel. When an air bubble is formed, water begins to slowly flow through the filter filtration control means 7 in the form of a jet located in the upper part of the descending channel 5, gradually filling and filling the descending channel 5, after which the module resumes its normal operation.

Claims (12)

 1. A module for water purification based on a siphon effect, comprising a housing having a filter chamber with filter material located therein, means for supplying purified water at the base of the housing, allowing water to flow through the filter chamber from the bottom up, a sealed cavity in the upper part of the module housing for collection purified water passing from the filter chamber, and a means for removing purified water in the form of a downward channel, the inlet of which communicates with the sealed cavity, and the outlet is located below the bottom and purified water, characterized in that the downward channel is made with at least one means of regulating the filtration of water located in the upper part of the downward channel at a height below the hermetic cavity for collecting purified water, sufficient to overcome surface tension forces with the possibility of filtering the water in module and drainage of purified water at a water level below the upper level of the module.  2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for regulating the filtration of water is made in the form of a jet.  3. The module according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the means for regulating the filtration of water is made with one linear size smaller than the particle size of the filter material based on granular and / or fibrous material.  4. The module according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the linear dimensions of the means for controlling water filtration is less than the diameter of the granular filter material.  5. The module according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the linear dimensions of the means for regulating water filtration is less than the length of the fibrous material.  6. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the downward channel is made in the form of a channel of variable or constant cross-section.  7. The module according to claim 6, characterized in that the downward channel is made in the cross section of a rectangular, trapezoidal, polygonal or round shape.  8. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the downward channel is made detachable, at least consisting of two elements.  9. The module according to claim 8, characterized in that at least two elements of the downward channel are made in the form of channels of a different constant cross-sectional shape from each other.  10. The module according to claim 8, characterized in that at least two elements of the downward channel are made in the form of channels of variable and constant cross-sections of the same or different form from each other.  11. The module according to claim 8, characterized in that at least two elements of the downward channel are made axially arranged relative to each other.  12. A filter for water purification based on a siphon effect, comprising in combination a module including a housing having a filter chamber with filter material located therein, means for supplying purified water at the base of the housing, allowing water to flow through the filter chamber from the bottom up, an airtight cavity in the upper parts of the module housing for collecting purified water passing from the filter chamber, and a means for removing purified water in the form of a downward channel, the inlet of which communicates with the sealed cavity, and the outlet located below the means for supplying purified water, and a water container having an upper section for purified water, inside of which a filter module is arranged at the concave base, having a convex shaped base and a lower section for purified water, characterized in that the downward channel of the module is made according to claims . 1-11.

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