RU216431U1 - DEVICE FOR LASER PROCESSING OF SEEDS AND PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing and seed production, and can be used as a device for pre-sowing laser seed treatment and laser stimulation of plants of various crops.

The task is achieved by the fact that, in comparison with the known technical solution containing a mesh-separator for seeds, a gear spreader, a conveyor belt with shoulders, driven by an electric drive with a belt drive, and a control unit fixed on the frame, the proposed technical solution contains a removable a loading hopper for seeds with a tray containing a separator mesh and a gear spreader for feeding seeds onto a conveyor belt, above which semiconductor laser modules are installed on both sides with inclination angle indicators in a vertical plane, longitudinal to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, and cylindrical lenses, converting the laser beam into a narrow line stretched in a vertical plane transverse to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, and the angle of inclination of the semiconductor laser modules in the vertical plane, longitudinal to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, can be set according to inclination angle indicators with the help of movable joints connecting the semiconductor laser modules with height-adjustable mounts attached to the frame, in addition, the gear spreader is driven by an electric drive using a belt drive, connected so that the direction of rotation of the gear spreader is opposite to the direction of rotation of the electric drive .

The technical result of using the device is to enable both pre-sowing laser treatment of seeds and laser irradiation of vegetative plants, while maintaining a high quality of treatment of irradiated biological objects.

Description

The device relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing and seed production, and can be used as a device for pre-sowing laser seed treatment and laser stimulation of plants of various crops.

A scanning device for controlling a laser beam for presowing seed treatment is known (RU 2321032, IPC A01C 1/06, G02B 6/12, publ. horizontal plane, and the optomechanical frame scanner converts the horizontal beam plane into several vertical beam planes crossing the seed conveyor.

The disadvantage is the limited functionality of the device, since the proposed design and irradiation scheme are intended only for laser seed treatment.

It is also known a device for laser treatment of seeds before sowing (RU 2328847, IPC A01C 1/00; publ. 20.07.2008, bull. No. 20), which contains a hopper, a conveyor for moving seeds, an optical quantum generator and a line scan prism of the generator beam . The device is equipped with a roller with prisms spaced apart from each other to convert the beam into several vertical planes. The roller has a horizontal axis of rotation. The horizontal scanning prism of the generator beam has a vertical axis of rotation. The roller with prisms is installed on the opposite side of the conveyor relative to the location of the horizontal prism of the generator beam. The axis of rotation of the roller is located above the horizontal radial plane of the development of the specified prism to reflect the rays coming from it onto the plane of the conveyor. The roller prisms are made removable, in the amount of 2 to 12 prisms. The horizontal scanning prism of the generator beam is shifted relative to the generator beam line in the horizontal plane.

The disadvantage is the limited functionality of the device. The design of the device and the proposed scheme of irradiation do not allow the treatment of vegetative plants, which limits the scope of the device.

Closest to the proposed device is a device for pre-sowing seed treatment (RU 2764194, IPC A01C 1/00, publ. 14.01.2022, bull. No. 2). The device contains a control unit, a loading hopper with a separator mesh and a gear spreader installed inside, the seeds from which fall onto a two-level conveyor belt with shoulders, an electric drive, a belt drive and a grain turner, and pass under dust-proof compartments with transparent diagnostic windows, in which laser emitters with diverging lenses on the guides, the radiation of which irradiates the seeds.

The disadvantage is the limited functionality of the device. The proposed material-intensive scheme of irradiation does not allow irradiation of vegetative plants, as a result of which the scope of the device in agricultural production is limited.

The objective of the proposed device is to expand functionality.

The technical result of using the device is to provide the possibility of both pre-sowing laser treatment of seeds and laser irradiation of vegetative plants, while maintaining a high quality of treatment of irradiated biological objects.

The task is achieved by the fact that, in comparison with the known technical solution containing a seed separator mesh, a gear spreader, a conveyor belt with shoulders driven by an electric drive with a belt drive and a control unit fixed on the frame, the proposed technical solution contains a removable boot a seed hopper with a tray containing a separator mesh and a gear spreader for feeding seeds onto a conveyor belt, above which semiconductor laser modules are installed on both sides with inclination angle indicators in a vertical plane, longitudinal to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt (hereinafter referred to as the longitudinal plane) and cylindrical lenses that convert the laser beam into a narrow line stretched in a vertical plane transverse to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt (hereinafter referred to as the transverse plane), and the tilt angle of the semiconductor laser modules in the longitudinal plane can be set to about tilt angle indicators with the help of movable joints connecting the semiconductor laser modules with height-adjustable mounting posts attached to the frame, in addition, the gear spreader is driven by an electric drive using a belt drive, connected so that the direction of rotation of the gear spreader is opposite to the direction of rotation of the electric drive .

Figures 1-3 show a device for laser treatment of seeds and plants. Figure 1 is a front view without a removable seed hopper, Figure 2 is a front view with a removable seed hopper, Figure 3 is a top view with a removable seed hopper.

The device for laser treatment of seeds and plants contains semiconductor laser modules 1, cylindrical lenses 2 mounted on the output aperture of the semiconductor laser modules 1, mounting posts 3 and movable joints 4, with the help of which the semiconductor laser modules are attached to the frame 15. For uniform irradiation of seeds and vegetating plants, semiconductor laser modules 1 are installed on both sides of the conveyor belt 6 at the required angle to the object being irradiated using height-adjustable mounting posts 3, movable joints 4 and indicators of the angle of inclination in the longitudinal plane 5. A conveyor belt is installed under the semiconductor laser modules 1 6, which is driven by an electric drive 7 using a belt drive 8.

The device for laser treatment of seeds and plants contains a removable seed hopper 10, in which there is a mesh-separator 11 of seeds from debris. For uniform distribution of seeds on the conveyor belt 6, a gear spreader 12 is used, after which the seeds roll down the tray 13 in an even layer and fall on the conveyor belt 6. The gear spreader 12 is driven by an electric drive 7 using a belt drive 8 connected to the gear spreader 12 so that it has the opposite direction of rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the electric drive 7 of the conveyor.

To prevent the fall of seeds of agricultural crops from the conveyor belt 6, collars 14 are installed on it.

To control the technological cycle of irradiation, a control unit 9 based on a microcontroller is used, electrically connected to the semiconductor laser modules 1 and the electric drive 7. The removable seed hopper 1 is attached to the frame 15 using a quick-release connection (not shown in the figure). The conveyor belt 6, the electric drive 7 and the control unit 9 are fixed on the frame 15.

Device for laser treatment of seeds and plants operates as follows.

The angle of incidence of the laser beam of the semiconductor laser modules 1 on the irradiated object is preliminarily set, and the required exposure time is set using the control unit 9 based on the microcontroller. These parameters are determined for each crop separately during laboratory studies.

Cylindrical lenses 2 on the output aperture of the semiconductor laser modules 1 are adjusted so that the laser beam forms a narrow line stretched in the transverse plane. The uniformity of irradiation of irradiated objects is achieved by semiconductor laser modules 1 located on both sides of the conveyor belt 6 with the possibility of changing the angle of incidence of the laser beam. The angle of incidence of the laser beam of semiconductor laser modules 1 on the irradiated object is set based on its dimensional characteristics using height-adjustable mounting posts 3, movable joints 4 and indicators of the angle of inclination in the longitudinal plane 5.

The angles of inclination of laser sources are individual for different irradiated objects and are preliminarily calculated in laboratory conditions, based on the maximum illumination of the irradiated object by laser sources, according to the formula:

Where:

E _about - the illumination of the object;

K _f is the shape factor of the body surface, equal to: cosα - for a horizontal flat surface; sinα - for a vertical flat surface; l - for a horizontal flat surface located perpendicular to the radiation flux; 0.5 - for a spherical surface; 0.64 - for a cylindrical surface located horizontally, normal to the distribution of the radiation flux; 0.64cosα - for a cylindrical surface located longitudinally to the radiation flux distribution;

P is the power of laser radiation at the output of the cylindrical lens;

F(α) - normalized distribution of the power density of laser radiation depending on the angle α, counted from the axis of symmetry of the laser emitter, in the transverse plane;

b is the angle between the axis of symmetry of the laser emitter and the normal to the conveyor belt in the longitudinal plane;

h is the height of the emitter suspension;

θ is the angle of divergence of laser radiation at the exit from the cylindrical lens.

To increase the functional activity of vegetative plants, their laser stimulation is carried out. For this plant with a closed root system, the operator places on the conveyor belt 6. Moving along the conveyor belt 6, the plants are uniformly irradiated by the radiation of semiconductor laser modules 1 installed above the conveyor belt 6. After the irradiation, the plants are removed from the conveyor belt 6 and placed in the places of their subsequent stay.

When carrying out presowing laser treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, a removable loading hopper for seeds 10 is used, which is attached to the frame 15 using a quick-detachable connection (not shown in the figure). To carry out laser processing, the operator pours the seeds into a removable seed hopper 10. With the help of a separator mesh 11, the seeds are separated from the debris. Further, through the gear spreader 12, which drives the electric drive 7 with the help of a belt drive 8, rolling down the tray 13, the seeds fall on the conveyor belt 6 in an even layer. conveyor belt 6. After irradiation, the seeds fall into containers for their subsequent storage until planting.

The control unit 9 based on the microcontroller, depending on the specified exposure time, selects the required rotation speed of the electric drive 7, which drives the conveyor belt 6 and the gear spreader 12 using a belt drive 8.

Thus, the proposed scheme of irradiation with a removable seed hopper and located on both sides of the conveyor belt with height and angle-adjustable semiconductor laser modules with cylindrical lenses provides not only pre-sowing laser treatment of seeds, but also laser stimulation of vegetative plants, which allows expanding the area the use of the device in agricultural production while maintaining the high quality of irradiation of biological objects. In addition, the proposed device reduces the consumption of materials, which reduces the cost of its manufacture.

Claims (3)

1. A device for laser treatment of seeds and plants, containing a separating mesh for seeds, a gear spreader and a conveyor belt with shoulders driven by an electric drive with a belt drive, and a control unit mounted on a frame, characterized in that it contains a removable hopper for seeds with a tray containing a separator mesh and a gear spreader for feeding seeds onto a conveyor belt, above which semiconductor laser modules are installed on both sides with inclination angle indicators in the longitudinal plane and cylindrical lenses that convert the laser beam into a narrow line stretched in the transverse plane, and the semiconductor laser modules are attached to the frame using height-adjustable mounting racks. 2. A device for laser treatment of seeds and plants according to claim 1, characterized in that the tilt angle of the semiconductor laser modules in the longitudinal plane can be set according to the tilt angle indicators using movable joints connecting the semiconductor laser modules with height-adjustable mounting racks. 3. A device for laser treatment of seeds and plants according to claim 1, characterized in that the gear spreader is driven by an electric drive using a belt drive connected so that the direction of rotation of the gear spreader is opposite to the direction of rotation of the electric drive.

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