RU2164303C2 - Gate engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; two-stroke internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: engine has split housing provided with exhaust port. Cross-flow scavenging ports are made in housing walls. Gate is made in form of hollow cylinder. Side surface of cylinder is rigidly secured on side surface of bushing, the latter being rigidly secured on turnable axle. Inner space of cylinder is divided into two delivery spaces by fixed sector rigidly secured by end face surfaces to housing walls. Crank shaft with radial slot is arranged inside fixed sector. Radial slot communicates with space of shaft made at its one end face and connected through system of branch pipes with carburetor. Two opposite suction channels are made in radial plane of slot on sector walls. Outlet holes of suction channels are placed in communication with corresponding delivery space. Inlet holes are periodically placed in communication with radial slot. Delivery channels are made in gate bushing. These channels connect delivery spaces with working spaces whose outlet holes are closed and opened by mated surfaces of housing and bushing. EFFECT: reduced overall dimensions, increased power output and cut down fuel consumption. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to two-stroke internal combustion engines that convert thermal energy into mechanical work, and can find the widest application in mechanical engineering, and mainly in small-sized household appliances.

 Currently, the most widely used piston internal combustion engines using piston pairs / piston-cylinder / cylindrical, working on a four-stroke circuit that contain a gas distribution mechanism as working elements. /cm. p. 100 and p. 132, "Polytechnical Dictionary" of the publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", Moscow, 1977.

 Two-stroke piston engines, in which gas distribution is carried out by blowing the working chambers / piston cavities / with a fresh charge of air with fuel compressed by the piston in the crank chamber when it moves to the BDC, through the slit-like windows made in the cylinder walls / transverse purge /, got the least distribution.

 In engines of higher power, the purging of the cylinder cavities is carried out by a special purge pump / supercharger /, which is driven by the engine itself. /cm. p. 742, "Brief Polytechnical Dictionary". Publishing house of technical and theoretical literature, Moscow, 1956 /.

 There are several schemes for blowing cylinders from exhaust gases. The most perfect, providing the best possible cleaning of the cylinder cavities from the combustion products and filling it with a fresh charge of air, is a straight-through valve-slot air purge, which includes both a valve gas distribution mechanism and purge windows made in the walls of the cylinders.

 The main advantage of a piston pair in piston engines is that the sealing of the gaps between the walls of the cylinder and the piston is achieved by the simplest elastic piston rings, which provide reliable tightness of the working space above the piston at high pressures in it.

 The disadvantage of four-stroke and two-stroke engines containing a valve timing mechanism is that the valve timing mechanism itself is complex in design, includes many additional friction parts driven by a special drive from the engine itself, which leads to loss of power and reduces efficiency on these engines.

 A drawback of two-stroke engines using a transverse purge pattern for blowing through the cavities of the cylinders due to the implementation of slit-like windows in the cylinder walls is that the blowing is carried out with a working mixture. As a result, defective blowing occurs, which leads to excessive fuel consumption, and this leads to inefficiency and inefficiency of these engines.

In addition to these disadvantages, all known piston engines have several other, very significant disadvantages, namely:
- the reciprocating movement of the piston is directed at an angle to the connecting rod, as a result of this, the walls of the piston pair experience mutual pressure on each other, which leads to increased friction of the surfaces and, consequently, to their wear. To eliminate friction, abundant lubrication is used, which leads to an additional complication of the device;
- the complex movement of the connecting rod does not allow the use of piston pairs with two-sided action or requires additional complication of the entire structure when trying to implement this opportunity;
- difficult time-consuming access to the crank mechanism for inspection for the purpose of preventive maintenance and in case of replacement.

All of these disadvantages are absent in the slide motor, in addition, it has several advantages:
- the working element / gate / has a four-sided action / two external cavities and two internal /;
- small-sized, compact and at the same time has a large / no worse / radius of the crank and a large volume of working chambers;
- the engine can work in any plane and can withstand more powerful dynamic loads;
- the engine is able to work simultaneously and separately with both external and internal mixture formation, as well as work with ignition from a candle and from ignition when the air is heated during compression;
- the cavity in which the crank mechanism is placed can be hermetically sealed from the external environment, which will make it possible to provide the mechanism also with ample grease, but more low-temperature, which is very important for the winter period;
- blowing cavities is carried out in three ways:
in the first period, high-pressure gases are released through the exhaust window, then the transverse purge windows open and only after that the working mixture comes under pressure from the discharge chambers through special channels opening up to this moment by the mating surfaces of the rotary sleeve and the housing, forming a direct-flow slotted chamber purge circuit from exhaust gases, without the presence of a valve mechanism.

 As for the means of sealing the gaps between the contacting and mating surfaces of the gate and the surfaces of the housing, for these purposes there are several options that are no worse than the known compression rings, one of the options is proposed in the schemes.

 The only drawback of the gate motor is that the forces acting on the crank at the moments of the gate’s working moves on the left and right sides are not the same, but they will be compensated by the opposing forces arising during the compression of the working mixture. The unequal application of forces to the crank in its upper and lower positions is caused by the fact that the gate with one side is fixed rigidly to the rotary sleeve / axis /, and the conditional center of the gate is connected through a system of levers with a variable arm of the crank. The closer the center of the crank is to the pivot axis, the more efficiently the gases will work when they expand and, conversely, the more difficult it will be to compress the air in the opposite chamber. The applied force to the gate will always be compensated by the opposing force arising during the compression process.

 In order to eliminate these drawbacks of piston engines, simplify the design, reduce dimensions, increase power, efficiency and economy, the rotary device is taken as the basis of the slide motor, which converts the energy of the flow of the working medium / liquid, gas / into the rotary movement of the output link with a limited rotation angle, in itself a collapsible housing, in the cavity of which a double-acting gate is installed, rigidly fixed to a rotary axis installed in the walls of the housing and connected through a system mu levers with a crank shaft, removed from the housing. /cm. p. 245, “Dictionary-reference on mechanisms” A.F. Kraineva, Moscow, Mechanical Engineering, 1981. The mating and contacting surfaces of the gate with the surfaces of the housing and the walls of the housing are provided with sealing means.

 This goal is achieved by making the gate in the form of a hollow cylinder, rigidly fixed with its lateral surface to the side surface of the sleeve, which is rigidly fixed on the rotary axis. The internal cavity of the gate is divided into two equal injection cavities by a fixed sector / separator /, rigidly fixed with its end surfaces to the walls of the housing. A crank shaft is installed inside the sector, equipped with a radial slot / with a cut-out angle of 140-160 degrees / communicating with the internal cavity of the crank shaft, made from the end end facing the outside and connected by a system of adapter pipes with a carburetor. In the radial plane of the slot, on the walls of the sector, two opposing, suction channels are made, each of which communicates with its corresponding injection cavity. The injection cavities are equipped with injection channels, the inlet openings of which are constantly in communication with the injection chambers, and the outlet openings periodically open / at the time of injection / by the mating surfaces of the housing and the surfaces of the sleeve in which they are made and connected to the working chambers. The working chambers are equipped with an exhaust window made in the housing and purge windows made in the walls of the housing. Compression chambers are equipped with spark plugs and nozzles for supplying fuel. A wheel with blades / fan / is installed at the output end of the crank shaft, and slit-like ventilation windows are made from the end sides in the housing along its perimeter.

 In FIG. 1 shows a slide motor assembly, a section along AA in FIG. 2.

 In FIG. 2 shows a slide motor, a side view with the front wall removed, the crank shaft is shown in cross section.

 In FIG. 3 shows a slide motor, side view, casing removed, view of the crank mechanism.

 The slide motor contains a housing 1 with removable walls 2 and 3 and with cavities 4 and 5, separated by a cylindrical slide 6 with internal discharge cavities 7 and 8. The slide 6 is rigidly fixed to the side surface with the surface of the sleeve 9, which is rigidly fixed to the rotary axis 10 installed in the walls of the housing with limited pivoting movement. The internal cavities of the gate are separated by a fixed sector 11, forming two additional injection cavities. The sector with its end surfaces is rigidly attached to the walls of the casing with studs 12. To ensure tightness, the working cavities 4 and 5 and the injection cavities 7 and 8 are equipped with sealing means 13, 14, 15 and 16 mounted on the end contacting surfaces of the cylindrical gate and sleeve. On the mating surfaces of the gate and the sleeve, as well as on the sector and the housing, longitudinal sealing strips 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 are installed.

 The crank shaft 22 passes through the center of the sector and the walls of the housing and is installed in them with free rotation. The crank shaft contains a cavity 23, which communicates through the cutout 24 and the channels 25 and 26 with the injection cavities 7 and 8. The cutout 24 on both sides is also protected by sealing means / not shown /. The cavity 23, passing inside the shaft, communicates through a system of transition pipes with a carburetor / not shown /. On the sleeve, discharge channels 27 and 28 are made, which are periodically connected to the working chambers 4 and 5. The housing is equipped with an exhaust window 29, and purge windows 30 are made on the walls 2 and 3.

 The working chambers are equipped with compression chambers 31 and 32, spark plugs 33 and 34 and nozzles 35 and 36. The crank mechanism is moved outside the housing and is closed by a casing 37. The mechanism includes a crank 38 rigidly fixed to the shaft 22, the connecting rod 39, the lever 40, rigidly mounted on the rotary axis 10.

 A wheel with blades 41 and 42 is mounted and rigidly fixed at the opposite end of the shaft. The fan is closed by a casing 43. The massive fan wheel serves in another role as a flywheel.

 Along the perimeter of the housing and its walls, purge windows 44 are made. On the casings 37 and 43, input 45 and output 46 windows are made. Walls 2 and 3 are rigidly attached to the body with studs.

 The engine operates as follows.

 When rotating the crank shaft 22 clockwise / cm. FIG. 2 / the movement will be transmitted through the connecting rod 39, the rotary lever 40, the rotary axis 10 to the gate 6. In this case, the rotary lever will make reciprocal movements along with the gate 6. When the gate moves to the right side / see FIG. 2 / a compression process will take place in the working chamber 5, and a working process will proceed in the left chamber 4. In this position, the exhaust window 29 is still closed by the sealing plate 17. In the discharge chambers, the actions will occur in the reverse order. In the chamber 8, the working mixture will be sucked through the suction channel 26, cutout 24, cavity 23, carburetor / not shown /. The discharge channel 28 is closed by a plate 19.

 In chamber 7, a fresh charge of the working mixture will be compressed. The suction channel 25 is closed by the mating surface of the crank shaft. The discharge channel 27 is also still closed by the mating surface of the housing and the longitudinal sealing plate 18.

 When the gate rotates a few degrees to the right side and when the longitudinal plate 17 opens the exhaust window 29, then the exhaust gas will be exhausted. At this moment, high pressure gases are released. With further rotation of the gate, additional purge windows 30 will open. By this time, the gas pressure will decrease significantly and the residual gases will leave through the purge windows 30 under the pressure of fresh air created by the fan blades 41 and 42. Fresh air will be sucked in through the inlet windows 45, the crank cavity 47, the purge windows 30, through the fan cavity 48 and the outlet window 46. During this period, transverse forced purging of the working chambers will be carried out.

 With further rotation of the gate to the right side in the left injection chamber 7, the working mixture will be compressed until the outlet of the injection channel 27 extends beyond the strip 18. As soon as the opening of the channel 27 is aligned with the cavity 4, the entire working mixture from the injection chamber 7 distilled under pressure along the discharge channel 27 into the working cavity 4.

 The resulting overpressure of the working mixture near the compression chamber 31 will affect the residual exhaust gas and will displace it to the exhaust and purge windows 29 and 30. At this third moment, a channel-slot flow purge will be carried out.

 The working mixture does not have time to reach the exhaust windows, the gate, having passed TDC, will return and close all the exit windows. In the working chamber 4, the process of compression of the working mixture. When the gate approaches the TDC in the left chamber 4, the working mixture ignites from compression or from the spark plug. Further, the whole process in this chamber will be repeated.

 Angle α is the gate stroke.

 Similarly, processes will occur in the right chamber with the participation of the right discharge chamber 8, suction channels 24 and 26 and discharge channel 28. The exhaust and purge windows 29 and 30 are the same for both working chambers 4 and 5.

 The engine is able to switch from one type of fuel to another while the engine is running, for example, a carburetor can be used to start the engine, and heavier fuel supplied through the nozzle can be used for further operation.

 The engine cooling is offered by forced-purge from the fan 41. The air is taken in through the inlet windows 45, through the cavities 47, through the purge slots 44 and through the fan cavity 48 to the exit windows 46.5

Claims (1)

 A two-stroke vane engine, comprising a detachable case, in the cavity of which a double-acting vane is installed, rigidly mounted on a pivot axis installed in the casing walls, a crank mechanism located outside the casing and connected through a leverage with a pivot axis, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design of reciprocating two-stroke engines, reduce dimensions, increase power and economy, an exhaust window is made in the housing, and transverse windows are made in the housing walls blower, the gate is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, which is rigidly fixed with its lateral surface to the side surface of the sleeve, which is rigidly fixed on the rotary axis, the internal cavity of the cylinder is divided into two injection cavities by a fixed sector, rigidly fixed by their end surfaces to the walls of the housing, inside the fixed sector a crank shaft is installed with a radial slot made, communicating with a shaft cavity made from one of its ends and connected through a pipe system to a carburetor m, in the radial plane of the slot on the walls of the sector, two opposite suction channels are made, the outlet openings of which communicate with the corresponding injection cavity, and the inlet holes periodically communicate with the radial slot, the injection channels are made on the gate sleeve connecting the injection cavities to the working cavities, the outlet openings of which are closed and opened by the mating surfaces of the housing and the sleeve.

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