RU2158826C2 - Method of mine construction for small kimberlite pipes by means of self-propelled mining machinery and complex for its lowering and lifting and ore delivery to surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly, methods of underground mining of deposits; applicable in mining of small kimberlite pipes under conditions of permafrost rocks. SUBSTANCE: method includes sinking of main and auxiliary shafts, with auxiliary shaft leading the main shaft by at least, height of level. Driven from auxiliary shaft to under route of main shaft is connection for transportation of rocks produced by main shaft sinking. Left above transportation connection over route of main shaft is productive rock pillar in which hole for rock drawing is made. Upper part of draw hole is separated by funnel and undercutting of main shaft cross-section if performed with due consideration for provision of lowering and lifting of self-propelled mining machinery in cage. Holes are drilled and rock is broken by blasting in shaft cross-section between levels. For drawing of broken rocks, shaft is strengthened and reinforced. After drawing of rocks, chamber is driven in shaft part for receiving of self- propelled mining machinery and exposing workings to breakage faces are made from this chamber. Complex for lowering and lifting of self-propelled mining machinery and delivery of ore to surface includes hoisting cage unit, mechanisms for unloading of vehicles on surface, hauling-loading machine for loading of ore in breakage face and its delivery to shaft. Complex is provided with ore lifting vessel and devices for its moving in loading-delivery process. Cage overall dimensions ensure location and fastening of self-propelled mining machinery. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mining, namely to underground mining, to the section of mine construction, and can be used, for example, for mining kimberlite pipes of a limited area during underground mining of diamond deposits in permafrost rocks of Yakutia.

 About half of the explored diamond deposits in Yakutia are small tube-shaped ore bodies lying vertically and having a long axis of less than 100 m. Small kimberlite pipes extend in the thickness of permafrost to a depth of not more than 250 m from the surface.

 Extraction of relatively small reserves by open cast mining requires significant overburden volumes and therefore no development of such deposits is currently envisaged.

 To justify the possibility of efficient development of small kimberlite pipes by underground mining, technical solutions are required for the effective opening and development of the deposit, taking into account the specific conditions of the North, high transportation costs, unpopulated areas, the need to create infrastructure for the development of the area.

 A real option for the development of small kimberlite pipes scattered throughout the diamond region of Yakutia (currently mothballed) is seasonal underground mining with a rotational method of servicing a mining enterprise and transporting kimberlite with winters to stationary processing plants. With the shift method of maintenance, it is necessary that the miner descending into the mine have at his disposal powerful mining equipment capable of developing great productivity and eliminating manual labor. To do this, it is advisable to use modern self-propelled mining equipment. At the same time, the method of building a mine for small kimberlite deposits should provide access to the faces of high-performance mining equipment, which has increased dimensions, without any disassembly and assembly.

 We do not know how to open small kimberlite pipes using self-propelled mining equipment.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed device for launching and lifting self-propelled mining equipment and delivering ore to the surface are well-known complexes with mechanisms for loading ore in the mine faces into wagons, transportation to the mine shaft by electric locomotives, wagon-type ore lifting in cages (see "Reference mechanics of the ore mine. Moscow, Nedra, 1978, pp. 223-229), including a hoisting machine, a stand equipped with rails and stoppers for lifting ore in cars, electric locomotives for transporting ore to the shaft of the mine and mechanics gp for loading at the bottom.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the high complexity of loading and transporting ore from the face and the inability to use the stand for the descent of self-propelled mining equipment. When using stands, bulky mining equipment is lowered into the shaft on a rope, fixing it under the stand, while the transportation process takes a lot of time and is unsafe.

 The objective of the invention is to provide a method for the construction of a mine for small kimberlite pipes in a short time of seasonal work in the conditions of Yakutia, ensuring the use of high-performance self-propelled mining equipment for the treatment works, and ore extraction with minimal transportation costs.

 The problem is solved as follows. The auxiliary trunk pass ahead of the main one by at least one floor height, from the auxiliary shaft under the main trunk path there is a transport failure for transporting the rock from the main shaft penetration. Above the transport fault along the route of the main trunk, a protective rock pillar is left, in which a dam is made for bypassing the rock. The upper part of the dam is cut with a funnel and the section of the main shaft of the mine is cut, and the section of the main shaft of the shaft must provide transportation of self-propelled mining equipment in the crate.

 Well drilling and rock destruction is carried out by the explosion of borehole explosive charges in the section between floors.

 When a broken rock is released through a dam, the barrel is fastened and reinforced. After the rock is released above the funnel, a chamber for receiving self-propelled mining equipment passes through the funnel wall and open mine workings are led from it to the working faces in the kimberlite pipe (deposit).

 On the opposite side of the chamber for receiving self-propelled mining equipment, a loading chamber passes in the barrel wall to accommodate the ore-lifting capacity, and for lifting ore from the mine, a loading unit is formed from loading and delivery machines to the ore-lifting capacity.

 In addition, cutting the entire barrel above the protective can be carried out with the formation of a drilling chamber for drilling blast holes ascending to the boundary of the overlying floor along the main trunk.

 In addition, the transport failure under the main trunk route can be expanded to the size of the drilling chamber, while downhole blast holes are drilled to drill the underlying floor trunk and uphole wells are drilled to destroy the protective pillar, in which explosive charges are blown up in one go.

 In addition, at the cross-sectional boundary of the main wellbore, they can drill and blast using technology that ensures smooth contour blasting.

 In addition, the funnel in the protective pillar can be filled with damping elements.

 To ensure the delivery of ore to the surface and the descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment into the working faces, the technical solution proposes the following: the cage is designed for descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment and the complex is equipped with an ore-lifting capacity with dimensions that allow it to be placed and secured in the cage, with supporting movement elements and a device for securing it in the cage, and on loading floors reloading units are made for reloading the rock from self-propelled loading and delivery machines into an ore-lifting tank and mechanisms for moving ore-mounted tank of the stand under the overload assembly and back to the shaft surface and is mounted in the pit bottoms discharge device ore-capacity and its moving mechanism of the stand to the discharge device and back.

The essence of the proposed technical solution
Small kimberlite pipes are opened by two trunks - the main and auxiliary, moreover, the auxiliary trunk is of the minimum cross-section and serves for ventilation, lowering and lifting people, issuing rock during the penetration of the main trunk.

 The auxiliary trunk is advanced ahead and transport failures under the main trunk lead from it.

 The main trunk passes through a section that provides the descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment in the most ready-for-use form (without disassembling into nodes). The main trunk pass using wells drilled to the entire height of the floor, and the loading of the destroyed rock is carried out under the influence of its own weight with the rise through the auxiliary trunk. When loading rocks from the main trunk, they are fastened and reinforced. On each floor in the main trunk there is a chamber for receiving self-propelled mining equipment, from which workings lead to treatment faces. In the opposite wall of the barrel, there is a chamber for placing an ore lifting capacity and an ore transshipment unit from self-propelled loading and delivery machines into an ore lifting capacity.

 The main trunk is equipped with a cage hoist, capable of launching self-propelled mining machines in the crate and lifting ore in ore-lifting tanks. The ore dispensing device is equipped with mechanisms for loading ore in the face, transporting it to the main shaft, transferring ore into an ore-lifting tank, lifting ore in a cage, and assemblies for mechanizing all auxiliary processes.

 The proposed method for the construction of a mine for small kimberlite pipes allows for a minimum of laborious processes for sinking mine shafts to ensure that high-performance self-propelled mining equipment enters the treatment faces, while the ore delivery device provides loading of ore in the face, transporting it to the main shaft, and reloading it into a large ore lifting capacity and delivery to the surface, while excluding various kinds of crushing and overload nodes.

 An example of a method for constructing a mine for small kimberlite pipes using self-propelled mining equipment and a device for lowering, raising and delivering ore to the surface is shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

In FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the construction of a mine for a small kimberlite pipe and the placement of a device for launching and lifting self-propelled mining equipment and the delivery of ore to the surface;
FIG. 2. The cross-section in plan along the main trunk drilled by wells, section II (Fig. 1);
FIG. 3. The cross-sectional view in plan of the main trunk with a chamber for receiving self-propelled mining equipment and a chamber for accommodating an ore-lifting capacity and an ore loading unit, section II-II (Fig. 1);
FIG. 4. Ore reloading unit from self-propelled loading and delivery machines to an ore-lifting capacity;
FIG. 5. Safety breed pillar;
FIG. 6. The site of unloading ore on the surface of the mine.

 The kimberlite pipe 1 (a small ore deposit) is vertically divided into floors 2 with a height of 30-80 meters. The height of the floor is determined from the capabilities of the drilling equipment. For opening use two barrels: auxiliary 3 and main 4.

 The auxiliary trunk 3 of the minimum cross-section serves for ventilation (for which it has a ventilation unit), lowering and raising people and delivering rock from the penetration of the main trunk 4. The auxiliary trunk 3 is equipped with a small lifting machine with a cage. As an auxiliary trunk, a prospecting trunk (vertical or inclined) can be used. The auxiliary trunk 3 pass ahead of the road and transport failures 5 lead under route 6 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 in the lower part) of the main barrel 4 from it.

 The main barrel 4 pass through a section that enables the descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment in the stand in the most ready-for-use form (without disassembling into nodes), that is, a large section that can be round, oval and other in shape.

 The transport fault 5 is used to transport the rock from the penetration of the main trunk 4. Above the transport fault 5 (Fig. 1) in the area of the route 6 (shown by dashed lines) of the main trunk 4, a protective rock pillar 7 is left, in which the dam 8 is made, and the upper part of the dam cut with a funnel 9 and produce a cut 10 section of the trunk 4.

 Rocks in the cross section of the main trunk 4 are drilled with boreholes 11 for placement of explosives. Wells 11 can be drilled from hook 10 vertically upward, for which hook 10 is elevated and used as a drilling chamber. In addition, wells 11 can be drilled from an overlying floor, for which a transport fault 5 on an overlying floor in the area of the main shaft 4 is drilled, and a drilling chamber 12 is formed from which downhole wells 11 are drilled to accommodate explosives. The drilling option is determined by the technical capabilities of the drilling machine.

 To ensure the penetration of the main trunk 4 strictly along the route 6 during the drilling of the well 11, control is carried out by means of a surveying survey of the beginning and end of the wells on the upper floor in the drilling chamber 12 and the lower floor in hooking 10. Wells with a deviation of 0.5 m or more are rejected. To simplify the technology of breaking the rock, one of the wells 13 (Fig. 2) is expanded using expanders to a diameter of 0.3-0.8 meters. In addition, to increase the stability of the walls of the barrel, reduce the cost of fastening along the contour 14 of the main barrel 4 (Fig. 2), contouring wells 15 can be drilled and rock breaking in the barrel using technology that ensures smooth blasting.

 Above the funnel 9 in the near-barrel part, a chamber 16 (Fig. 1, 3) passes for receiving self-propelled mining equipment 17 from stand 18.

 Crate 18 is designed for lowering and lifting wheeled (tracked) self-propelled mining equipment. The bottom of the cage is made even, covered with steel sheet, guides of small height can be made on the bottom (the height of the guides should not affect the movement of wheeled (tracked) self-propelled mining equipment). Guides can be made of antifriction metal.

 From the chamber 16 for receiving self-propelled mining equipment, the openings 19 lead to the mine workings of the kimberlite pipe 1. On the opposite side of the chamber 16 for receiving self-propelled mining equipment, a loading chamber 20 passes in the near-barrel part to accommodate the ore-lifting tank 21, which, when issuing ore, is placed in the cage 18 .

 The ore-lifting tank 21 is equipped with supporting elements, for example, sliding plates made of antifriction material (siliceous graphite, textolite, antifriction cast iron, etc.) that move when working on a flat steel surface of the bottom of the stand or along its guides. To move the ore-lifting tank 21 into the stand 18 and back, the chamber 20 is equipped with a movement mechanism 22, for example, a double-drum traction winch. The ore-lifting tank 21 is equipped with a device for fixing it in the cage in the form of protrusions interacting with the sockets with latches in the side walls of the cage 18. To transfer ore from self-propelled mining machines 17 (Fig. 3, 4) to the ore-lifting vessel 21 in the loading chamber 20, a reloading unit is made in the form of, for example, a vibrating feeder 23 with a chain shutter 24.

 Before operating the next floor, the funnel 9 (Fig. 5) is filled with empty rocks and to increase the reliability of shock loads in case of accidental drops of massive bodies, the funnel 9 can be filled with damping elements 25, for example, several layers of wood with filling the space between the layers of empty rocks of small fractions.

 To destroy the rocky safety pillar 7 drill holes are drilled.

 On the surface near the main shaft 4 (Fig. 6), a platform was made for loading self-propelled mining equipment 17 into the stand 18. On the opposite side of the platform, an unloading device 27 of an ore-lifting tank 21 was made with a mechanism for moving it, for example, a double-drum winch 22. Unloading device 27 is made, for example, from a gantry crane 28 with nodes for capturing and emptying a tank moving along rail tracks to the hopper 29 for reloading in dump trucks or in an intermediate ore warehouse 30.

 An example of the implementation of the method of mine opening of small kimberlite pipes and a complex for the delivery of ore to the surface and the descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment.

 The kimberlite pipe 1 is vertically divided into floors 2 (Fig. 1). For opening, two shafts are used: auxiliary 3 and main 4. An exploratory trunk, vertical or inclined, can be used as an auxiliary trunk. Auxiliary trunk 3 are ahead of at least one floor. It makes more sense for the auxiliary barrel 3 to go to full depth. Transport failures 5 pass from the auxiliary trunk 3 on each floor 2 along the highway 6, where the main trunk 4 will be located (Fig. 1).

 Above the transport fault 5 in the vicinity of the route 6 of the main trunk 4, a protective rock pillar 7 is left, in which the bore 8 passes. The upper part of the bore 8 is cut with a funnel 9 and the section of the barrel 4 is cut off. If the main barrel 4 is just starting (from the surface), then drilling wells along the route 6 of the trunk are from the surface. In FIG. 1 shows that the upper part of the main barrel 4 is already in operation and its recess is being conducted. The transport fault 5 in the area of the trunk is expanded, forming a drilling chamber 12. From the drilling chamber 12, explosive chambers 11 are drilled to hook 10, while the quality control of the boreholes is monitored 11. Wells with a deviation of more than 0.5 meters are rejected. One of the wells 13 is brought to a diameter of 0.3-0.8 m by means of mechanical expanders. To obtain smooth walls of the future wellbore along contour 14, contour wells 15 (Fig. 2) can be drilled and exploded using contour blasting technology. By alternately blasting the wells 11 into the extended well 13, the rock is destroyed in the section of the main trunk. In order not to press in the broken rock during the sinking of the trunk, the rock is released through the funnel 9, then through the transport fault 5 and through the auxiliary shaft 3 they are issued to the surface. Contour wells 15, as well as wells in a safety pillar, are blown up at a time in the last turn, and the last broken rock located in the well is used to temporarily maintain the walls of the well.

 The barrel is fastened and reinforced from the crate during the metered release of gangue. Since the trunk will be operated for no more than three years and will be carried out in permafrost, and work is provided for seasonally, in the wintertime (there will always be a negative temperature in the trunk), rods with puffs or mesh are used as lining.

 After mounting the barrel 4 over the funnel 9 in the near-barrel part, a chamber 16 (Fig. 1, 3) passes for receiving self-propelled mining equipment 17 from the stand 18. From the chamber 16 for receiving self-propelled machinery, the opening workings 19 lead to the working faces in the kimberlite pipe 1. From the opposite the sides of the chamber 16 in the near-barrel part pass the loading chamber 20 to accommodate the ore-lifting vessel 21 and install a double-drum traction winch 22, pass the workings of the ore loading unit from the self-propelled loading machines 17 into the ore-lifting vessel 21 (Fig. 4) and mount vibrating feeder 23.

 An unloading device 27 with containers for receiving ore in the form of a hopper 29 and an intermediate warehouse 30 is mounted on the surface of the mine.

 In the winter season, self-propelled mining equipment is lowered along the main trunk 4 in stand 18 in a form ready for operation. On the floor, self-propelled mining equipment is received in chamber 16 (Figs. 1, 3) and, under its own power, is sent to treatment faces. Through self-propelled mining equipment, mining is carried out in the faces, and the beaten ore is transported to the transshipment unit of the main shaft 4. The delivered ore is loaded with a vibrating feeder 23 into the ore-lifting tank 21 (Fig. 4). Practice shows that the vibratory feeder 23 with a chain shutter 24 can be well controlled flow, providing reliable and stable loading. The loaded ore-lifting capacity 21 by the traction winch 22 is moved to stand 18 and hoisted into the stand. On the surface, the ore-lifting tank 21 (Fig. 6) is installed by a traction winch 22 under the unloading device 27. By means of a gantry crane 28, the ore-lifting tank 21 is unloaded into the hopper 29 or to the warehouse 30. Then the ore-lifting tank 21 is returned to load the next dose. In the same stand, without violating the operating mode, if necessary, the descent and ascent of self-propelled mining equipment. The large dimensions of the cage allow you to use a special ore-lifting capacity of a larger volume. Self-propelled loading and delivery machines and a vibrating feeder with a chain lock provide loading of rock of almost any size, that is, up to three to five tons without any complications. All this together will ensure the delivery of large ore to the surface at minimal cost for its extraction and delivery to the surface using self-propelled, energy-saturated, high-performance mining equipment.

Claims (6)

 1. A method of constructing a mine for small kimberlite pipes, which consists in sinking the main and auxiliary shafts, the auxiliary shafting being advanced ahead of the core by at least one floor height, and a transport failure for transporting the rock from the main sinking the trunk, and over the transport fault along the main trunk, a protective rock pillar is left, in which a rock is made to bypass the rock, while the upper part of the rock cut with a funnel and cut the cross section of the main shaft of the mine, which is carried out taking into account the descent and lifting of self-propelled mining equipment in the crate, drill holes and destroy the rock with an explosion in the cross section of the trunk between the floors and, when the broken rock is released through the dam, the barrel is fastened and reinforced, after rock over the funnel in the near-barrel part pass the chamber for receiving self-propelled mining equipment and from it open mine workings to the working faces in the kimberlite pipe, and with the opposite ony chamber for receiving a self-propelled vehicles tested loading chamber for receiving the container for dispensing ore-ore from the mine and form transshipment node Scooptrams in ore-container.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire barrel is cut above the protective shaft to form a drilling chamber for drilling blast holes ascending to the boundary of the overlying floor along the main trunk.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the transport failure in the area of the main trunk route is expanded to the size of the drilling chamber and downhole blast holes are drilled to drill the shaft to the underlying floor, while the ascending wells are drilled to destroy the protective pillar, and the charges Explosives explode in one go.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that explosive charges are drilled and detonated along the contour of the main trunk using the technology of smooth blasting.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the funnel in the protective pillar is filled with rock with elements of damping means.  6. Complex for launching and lifting self-propelled mining equipment and delivering ore to the surface, including the installation of a cage hoist, mechanisms for unloading vehicles on the surface, loading and loading machines for loading in the face and delivering to the mine shaft, characterized in that it is equipped with an ore lifting a container with supporting elements of movement and a device for securing it in the cage, and loading units for loading rock from self-propelled loading and delivery machines to an ore lifting tank are made on loading floors and the mechanisms for moving the ore-lifting capacity from the cage under the overload unit and vice versa were mounted, an unloading device of the ore-lifting capacity and the mechanism for moving it from the cage to the unloading device and vice versa were mounted on the surface of the mine and in the near-barrel yard, while the cage was made with dimensions that ensure placement and fixing in her self-propelled equipment in assembled form or ore-lifting capacity.

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