RU215466U1 - CONTAINER FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF LARGE TELESCOPE MIRROR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is designed and can be used for transportation and storage of mirrors of meniscus-type telescopes with a central hole. The container contains a base and a support cradle with a central hole, between which there are shock absorbers attached to them. Three annular elastic supports are placed on the lodgment, on which the telescope mirror is mounted. Rigid supports are fixed to the lodgment in three places around the mirror at an angle of 120° to each other, on which horizontal beams are mounted below the mirror tangentially to the side surface of the mirror and with the possibility of radial movement to the mirror and swinging by means of a mechanism located below the beam inside the rigid support. At the ends of each horizontal beam, two vertical L-shaped beams are installed with the possibility of tilting away from it, with upper and side mirror clamps fixed on them. The clamps are made in the form of threaded rods with a ball joint at the end of the metal support and a gasket connected to it, while the clamp gaskets interact respectively with the upper and side surfaces of the mirror and have a surface shape similar to them. At the ends of each horizontal beam, a pair of lower mirror clamps of a similar design is also installed. The mirror with clamps and a lodgment is covered with a lid with a lower outer flange with a sealing gasket between the lid and the base. The flange is secured to the base with hinged screw clamps mounted on the side of the base. Rigging-mooring and rigging brackets are welded to the base and the cover.

EFFECT: maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the shape of the polished working surface of the mirror, increasing the reliability of the transportation process.

Description

The utility model relates to containers for transportation and storage of large items and can be used to create containers for large mirrors of meniscus-type telescopes with a central hole.

Telescope mirrors are usually made of glass or glass-ceramic material with an upper working surface polished to nanometer accuracy, so when transporting it, it is necessary to preserve both the integrity of the mirror as a whole and the shape accuracy of the polished working surface. The size of the polished working surface can be quite large - up to 6 meters in diameter with a mirror weighing several tons. Therefore, the installation of the mirror in the container must be both sufficiently rigid and soft and elastic.

A container is known for placing large-sized products of special equipment in it, more specifically for accommodating spacecraft during their transportation and storage (RF patent No. with a side wall, a lower outer flange attached to the base, a lateral horizontal clamp device interacting with the contact side surface of the product. On the outer side of the cover there are 4 rigging knots (brackets).

Also known is a container for transporting a large telescope mirror (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 120951 U1, published on October 10, 2012), which contains a base, a support adapter (lodgement), a cushioning system, while the cushioning system is made in the form of an elastic spacer between the mirror and a lodgment and rectangular shock absorbers between the lodgment and the base, fixed to them along the perimeter by means of bolted connections, around the mirror are located and fixed to the lodgment Z-brackets-devices of the side horizontal and upper vertical clamping of the mirror. Clamps fixed there, made in the form of threaded rods with a hinge at the end, a metal support and a gasket connected to it, while the clamp gaskets interact respectively with the side and upper surfaces of the mirror and have a contact surface shape similar to them.

On the base around the mirror, a metal cover with an outer outer flange is fixed by clamping elements (for example, bolted joints), while a sealing spacer in the form of a cover flange is installed between the flange and the base on the inside of the bolted joints. In the side wall of the lid, two fittings with hermetically closing caps are made. The fittings are designed to communicate the sealed volume of the container with the environment and serve to equalize the pressure in the internal volume of the container during air transportation. To the base are welded in four places in the horizontal plane rigging and mooring brackets in the amount of 4 pieces, and rigging brackets are welded to the top of the cover in three places.

This container can serve as the closest analogue to the proposed container in terms of purpose and design.

In the container, the unloading of the mirror from the lower rear surface is not ensured in order to prevent overloads that exceed the permissible limit for the appearance of plastic deformations. Z-brackets are not able to ensure the contact of the gaskets with the bottom rear surface of the mirror and their rigid design does not allow for unloaded state of the mirror. The design of rigging and mooring shackles does not provide reliable lifting characteristics for lifting and transporting the container; there are no mooring shackles for attaching the container to the vehicle. There is no mirror basing system during the installation of the mirror in the container.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is the preservation of the integrity and accuracy of the shape of the polished working surface of a large-sized meniscus mirror of a telescope with a central hole, increasing the reliability of the transportation process.

To achieve a technical result in a container containing a base, a support cradle, elastic shock absorbers between the base and the cradle, fixed to them along the perimeter of the cradle with bolted connections, are fixed on the cradle around the mirror of the device for side horizontal and upper vertical clamps of the mirror, made in the form of threaded rods with a ball joint. a hinge at the end, a metal support and a gasket connected to it, interacting with the side and upper surfaces of the mirror, respectively, and having a contact surface similar to them, as well as a metal cover with a lower outer flange, a sealing gasket between the base and the cover, and clamping elements around the entire perimeter of the flange , with two fittings in the side wall and caps that are hermetically sealed on them, as well as rigging and mooring brackets in four places of the base in the horizontal plane and rigging brackets on the cover in three places, unlike the known one, the lodgement is made n with a central hole similar to the hole in the mirror, and under its annular part additional shock absorbers with bolt fastening to the base are installed, three annular elastic supports are installed on the annular part of the lodgment, in contact with the annular part of the mirror installed on them, to the lodgment are fixed in three places around mirrors at an angle of 120° to each other rigid supports, on which horizontal beams are installed below the mirror tangentially to the side surface of the mirror and with the possibility of radial movement to the mirror and swing by means of a mechanism located below the beam inside the rigid support, at the ends of each horizontal beam are installed with the possibility of tilting from it two vertical L-shaped beams with top and side clamps of a known design fixed on them, at the ends of each horizontal beam there is also a pair of lower clamps of a known similar execution, at the contact points of the cover flange with the base in the base are fixed two rod catchers with corresponding holes in the flange, clamping elements of the flange are made in the form of clamps with a screw clamp and can be tilted outward, the rigging and mooring brackets of the base are made in three mutually perpendicular planes. Tennis balls placed on three annular metal supports of three different heights were used as elastic supports in contact with the annular part of the mirror. In the center of the base, a catcher (center indicator) is fixed vertically in the form of an open pipe above the working surface of the mirror.

Taking into account the meniscus shape of the mirror and the presence of a central hole, in the container, instead of a solid elastic gasket under the mirror, which is capable of bending, three annular elastic supports under the annular part of the mirror and additional lower clamps along the edges along the perimeter of the mirror are proposed, while the elastic supports absorb 2/3 mirror weight and lower clamps 1/3 of its weight. In addition, instead of rigidly mounted Z-shaped brackets with top and side clamps that cannot be retracted from the area where the mirror is placed on the lodgment, L-shaped vertical beams are provided with a roller at the bottom, on which these beams with top and side clamps are easily folded outward from the mirror. . There are two more side catches for the lid, providing accurate and guaranteed installation of the lid, and other improvements, such as folding clamps, rigging and mooring shackles.

The utility model is illustrated by a drawing, where:

fig. 1 - vertical axial schematic section of the container;

fig. 2 - selected fragment I from FIG. one;

fig. 3 - top view with the cover removed;

fig. 4 - clamping mechanism assembly;

fig. 5 - section B-B of a horizontal beam and a moving mechanism.

The proposed container for transportation and storage of mirrors of meniscus-type telescopes with a central hole contains a metal base 1 (Fig. 1), a metal lodgement 2 with a central hole similar to the hole in the mirror, shock absorbers 3 located between them, fixed to the lodgement 2 by means of bolted connections. On the upper surface of the lodgment 2, elastic supports 4 are installed in at least three annular zones in contact with the annular part of the mirror. Either rubber balls or tennis balls are used as elastic elements, while they are placed on three annular metal supports-supports of three different heights (to select the gap between the lodgement 2 and the mirror).

Rigid supports 5 are fixed to the lodgement 2 in three places around the mirror at an angle of 120° to each other, on which horizontal beams 6 are installed below the mirror tangentially to the side surface of the mirror and with the possibility of radial movement to the mirror and swinging around the radial axis by means of a movement mechanism and swing, located below the beam 6 inside the rigid support 5. This mechanism (Fig. 4 and 5) includes a housing 7, a horizontal radial roller 8 with a smooth middle and external threads at the ends and two nuts 9 as a means of movement. At the ends of each horizontal beam 6, a pair of L-shaped beams 10 is fixed on the side (Fig. 2 and 4) with top 11 and 12 side clamps of a known design installed on them, namely in the form of threaded rods with a ball joint at the end, a metal support 13, 14 and a gasket 15, 16 connected to it, interacting with the upper and side surfaces of the mirror, respectively, and having a contact surface similar to them, i.e., spherical and cylindrical, respectively. In the lower part of the vertical beams 10, through rollers 17 (Fig. 4) are made parallel to the horizontal beam 6 for the possibility of tilting both beams 10 on them with all clamps outward from the horizontal beam 6. Directly on the beam 6 at its ends, a pair of lower clamps 18 is installed (Fig. . 2, 4), made similarly in the form of threaded rods with a ball joint at the end, with a metal support 19 and a gasket 20 connected to it, having a radial surface with a radius of the rear surface of the mirror in contact with it. Elastic pads 15, 16, 20 compensate for possible temperature deformations of the container during temperature fluctuations during transportation of the container with a mirror or its storage.

On the base 1 (Fig. 1) around the lodgement 2 with a mirror there is a metal cover 21 with a lower outer flange, with a sealed gasket 22 between the base and the flange and having the shape of a flange. The cover 21 is pressed against the base 1 through the flange and sealed by means of clamps 23 with a screw clamp, fixed to the ends of the base 1 with the possibility of tilting it outward on the roller.

In the lower part of the cover 21 there are at least two fittings 24 with hermetically sealed caps. Fittings 24 are designed to communicate the sealed volume of the container with the environment and serve to equalize the pressure in the internal volume of the container during air transportation.

In the center of the base 1 (Fig. 1), a catcher (center indicator) 25 is vertically fixed in the form of an open pipe above the working surface of the mirror, and along the edges of the base 1 at the location of the cover flange 21, two catchers 26 are fixed at two opposite points (Fig. 3) in the form of rods for cover 21 (Fig. 1), while two holes are provided for them in the flange.

To the base 1 (Fig. 3) rigging and mooring brackets 27 are welded in four places - in the vertical, and 28 - in the horizontal plane for lifting the container onto the transport means with further bracing, and welded to the cover 21 (Fig. 1) in the upper part shackles in four places 29.

Each vertical beam 10 (Fig. 4) is fixed to the side surface of the horizontal beam 6 with bolted connections 30, and nuts 9 - with screw connections 31 (Fig. 5).

The proposed container functions as follows.

Before installing the mirror, the lower clamps 18 (Fig. 1) are lowered to the lowest position and set at the required distance relative to the catcher 25 by moving the horizontal beam 6 (Fig. 4) with its subsequent fixation with nuts 9 (Fig. 5). Vertical beams 10 (Fig. 1) with clamps 11, 12 are retracted to the extreme non-working position (in the direction from the center of the container to the periphery). The mirror is installed with the help of a load gripping device and is centered with the help of a central catcher 25. After the mirror is installed on the elastic elements 4, three pairs of vertical beams 10 are brought to the mirror and fixed with bolted connections, the lower clamps 18 are brought to touch the rear surface of the mirror, ensuring equality of the gaps between the mirror and a swinging horizontal beam 6 (Fig. 4) in the areas of location of the lower clamps 18 (Fig. 1). The lower clamps 18 raise the mirror to the calculated height to ensure the subloaded state in the vertical direction by elastic supports 4. In this case, the elastic supports 4 take on a load equal to two thirds of the mass of the mirror, and the lower clamps 18 one third of the mass of the mirror. Clamps 11, 12 and 18 provide clamping and fixation of the mirror in vertical and horizontal directions.

The supports 14 (Fig. 2) of the side clamps 12 are located in the middle of the side surface of the mirror, and the supports 13 and 19 of the upper 11 and lower 18 clamps are located along the outer edge of its upper and lower surfaces outside the working optical zone.

On the base 1 (Fig. 1) with a sealing rubber gasket 22 using a hoisting mechanism for rigging brackets 29, cover 21 is installed on two catchers 26 (Fig. 3) and fixed with clamps 23 (Fig. 1). The container is ready for transport or storage. The container is installed on the vehicle by a hoisting mechanism for shackles 27 (Fig. 3). The container is moored (moored) to the vehicle with brackets 28 (Fig. 1). The actions for unloading the container and the mirror from it are performed in the reverse order.

The container is manufactured industrially, mainly from welded and turned structures, using purchased rubber products.

In practice, optical control after transporting a mirror with a diameter of 4100 mm and a thickness of 165 mm to the telescope showed that the accuracy of the polished aspherical shape of the mirror working surface did not change, which means that the container ensured the achievement of the technical result.

Claims (3)

1. A container for transportation and storage of a large-sized meniscus-type telescope mirror with a central hole, containing a base, a support cradle, elastic shock absorbers between the base and the cradle, bolted to them along the cradle perimeter, bolted to the cradle around the mirror of the device for side horizontal and upper vertical clamps mirrors made in the form of threaded rods with a ball joint at the end, a metal support and a gasket connected to it, interacting with the side and upper surfaces of the mirror, respectively, and having a contact surface similar to them, as well as a metal cover with a lower outer flange, a sealing gasket between the base and a cover and clamping elements around the entire perimeter of the flange, with two fittings in the side wall and caps that are hermetically sealed on them, as well as rigging and mooring brackets in four places of the base in a horizontal plane and rigging brackets on the lid in three places, characterized in that the lodgment is made with a central hole similar to the hole in the mirror, and under its annular part there are additional shock absorbers with bolt fastening to the base, on the annular part of the lodgment there are three annular elastic supports in contact with the annular part of the mirror installed on them, rigid supports are fixed to the lodgment in three places around the mirror at an angle of 120 ° to each other, on which horizontal beams are installed below the mirror tangentially to the side surface of the mirror and with the possibility of radial movement to the mirror and swinging by means of a mechanism located below beams inside a rigid support, at the ends of each horizontal beam, two vertical L-shaped beams are installed with the possibility of tilting away from it, with upper and side clamps fixed to them, a pair of lower clamps is also installed at the ends of each horizontal beam, at the points of contact of the cover flange with the base in grounds and two rod catchers are fixed with their corresponding holes in the flange, the clamping elements of the flange are made in the form of clamps with a screw clamp and can be tilted outward, the rigging and mooring brackets of the base are made in three mutually perpendicular planes. 2. A container for transportation and storage of a large telescope mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that tennis balls placed on three ring metal supports of three different heights are used as elastic supports in contact with the annular part of the mirror. 3. A container for transporting and storing a large-sized telescope mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that a catcher (center indicator) in the form of an open pipe is fixed vertically in the center of the base above the working surface of the mirror.

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