RU2145129C1 - Nuclear power cell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: off-line power supplies for Arctic regions, submarines, beacons, etc. SUBSTANCE: composite slab of material containing spent nuclear fuel is placed in center of pressurized and evacuated case. Metal screens are mounted parallel to slab on its both sides. Louvers made in the form of energized capacitor plates are placed in front of screens at certain angle to their surfaces. Electrons emitted from slab pass between louver plates and build up electric charge on screen surfaces which is conveyed through current collectors and phase selector switch to primary winding of transformer; output current is induced in transformer secondary winding. Louvers protect screen surfaces against gamma- rays. EFFECT: provision for reusing nuclear industry wastes for electric energy generation. 1 dwg

Description

 An electric element is proposed in which the energy source is a stove made of composite materials taken from spent radioactive rods of atomic reactors.

 The device can be used as a source of electrical energy in the Far North, lighthouses, expeditions on submarines. The closest analogue is the "Atomic Electric Element" B.V. Nekrasov "Fundamentals of General Chemistry" Volume 3, p. 358.

 The mentioned element works only on Po-Be isotopes, as not giving γ rays. Low power source.

 The purpose of the proposed device is the use of spent radioactive materials, increasing efficiency and current parameters.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the radioactive emitter is made in the form of plates of composite radioactive materials, the screen is equipped with blinds in the form of a capacitor, and the current source is equipped with a double coil transformer wound in mirror symmetry and a phase switch.

 The proposed device has the following design: (see diagram) in an airtight casing 1, lined with a lead sheath, air is pumped out, the vacuum is maintained automatically through the ejector 2.

 In the center of the casing 1, a plate 3 is installed, made of a composite material, from radioactive isotopes obtained from spent rods of atomic reactors in a composition with a binder. On both sides of the plate 3 / emitter / parallel to it, screens 4 are installed in the form of capacitor plates 5. In the space between the emitter 3 and screens 4, louvers 6 are installed in the form of a capacitor that is constantly energized.

 From the screens 4 are current collectors 7, 7 ', directed into the input spirals of the transformer 8.

 Both spirals are installed in mirror symmetry to each other, the ends of the spirals are grounded through resistors 9.

Current collectors 7, 7 'pass through a rotary phase switch 10, made in the form of a dielectric disk with metal contact plates 11. The disk has a drive with a speed of 17 r / s. Metal plates are installed at an equal distance from each other and occupy a sector of 60 ^o .

 Thus, with a rotation of 17 r / s, the contact plates switch phases with a frequency of 50 hertz.

 The device operates as follows: from the emitter 3 perpendicular to its surface, β-, γ- rays are emitted.

 β-rays, falling into the electric field between the plates of the blinds 6, deviate from the rectilinear movement, slip in the channel between the wings of the blinds. Electrons, colliding with the surface of the metal screen, are embedded in its surface, giving an electric charge to the capacitor 5.

 From the capacitor 5, the current collectors 7, 7 ', the charge is transferred to the turns of the transformer 8, where the output current is induced on the secondary winding of the transformer.

 In order for the current to be variable with a frequency of 50 hertz, a phase switch 10 is installed on the path of the current collector 7, 7 ', which, using the contact plates 11, alternately switches one or the other current collector and thus on the windings of the primary transformers located in mirror symmetry, currents flow in opposite directions with a frequency of 50 hertz. γ-rays, falling into the electric field between the plates of the blinds 6, do not deviate, but go straight, directly to the surface of the plates of the blinds, which have a lead gasket and are absorbed on their surface.

 Thus, the blinds act as a filter that delays γ rays and transmits β rays on screen 4.

 The louvre plates consist of three layers: two layers of metal and between them a layer of dielectric / insulator /.

Claims (1)

 An atomic electric element consisting of a radioactive source and a screen enclosed in a casing under vacuum, characterized in that the radioactive source is made in the form of a plate of composite material, spent uranium, and the electricity source screen is equipped with shutters in the form of charged capacitor plates directed at an angle to the surface of the screen equipped with a double-coil transformer in mirror symmetry and a phase switch.