RU2141570C1 - Line electricity generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric machine engineering. SUBSTANCE: autogenic generator 1 which generates electricity by means of electromagnetic coupling between immobile windings 2 and permanent magnets which travel inside during reciprocating motion of one or more pistons of two-stroke internal combustion engine. Cylinders 5 matched with pistons 4 have conical pre-combustion chamber 10 open towards cylinders 5. Engine operates with changeable compression strokes and magnets 3 and windings 2 are so arranged that relation between quantities of mechanical energy used to generate electric energy during two different movements of magnets 3 equals relation between two degrees of compression produced in cylinders 5 during two different strokes of pistons 4 integrated with magnets 3 multiplied by relation between two magnitudes of common efficiency of engine with respect to mentioned degrees of compression. EFFECT: improved economical operation, decreased emission of toxic gases in free-piston internal combustion engines. 15 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 This application relates to the field of autogenous electric power generators, and more particularly to generators in which the mechanical energy generated by the reciprocating motion of the pistons of an internal combustion engine without a crankshaft is transformed into electric current due to the interaction of permanent magnets as a whole with the above-mentioned pistons when their movement, with fixed windings that are cyclically immersed in a magnetic field associated with these magnets.

 This type of generators is obviously suitable for producing electric current, which can then be used either directly, for example, for lighting or heating, or indirectly for supplying energy to electric motors that can be used in various types of traction means on land or water, or in air , or in other applications.

 However, the generators used require accurate execution in terms of output voltage and tuning to minimize noise and environmental damage.

 Examples of already known types of such generators have significant limitations in terms of the requirements mentioned above. A typical example of a generator is given in application GB 2219671A. This generator also produces electricity through the reciprocating movement of the magnets relative to the fixed windings, with magnets that make up a single unit, when moving, with the pistons of an internal combustion engine without a crankshaft, but from the point of view of configuration of parts and their purpose, it differs significantly from the generator, described below: the magnets oscillate with respect to a fixed point lying in the median plane of the cross section of the device containing the windings, and further in alternative In this embodiment, fixed windings can also be used to generate electricity that can be used outside the generator, or to consume electricity to push the above magnets, in order to make it possible to return the piston in a compression stroke. Thus, it is clear that the dimensions of the device in accordance with the supplied energy are much larger than the dimensions of the generator according to the present invention, in which, as will be seen below, electric energy is generated both when the magnets enter the windings and when they return in the opposite direction, and in which the start-up and regulation of the operation of the device can be carried out simply by changing the amount of fuel per cycle.

 The general adjustment of the device corresponding to the British patent, however, both in the part of internal combustion and in the electromagnetic part, is very difficult and expensive, since the pressure and amount of air supplied, the amount of fuel and the characteristic values are in a certain ratio with the current passing through the windings (impedance, resistance, direction, etc.) must be regulated by electronic means, cycle by cycle.

 The regulation of the amount of intake air, for example, in the case of internal combustion of gasoline, should be carried out approximately by measuring the amount of chemicals involved in the chemical reaction for both two cycles and four cycles, which are carried out independently of the aforementioned electrical parameters in the intake shut-off area valves for air and gasoline. The electrical parameters in question must be adjusted sequentially, cycle by cycle, in accordance with the results of the initial adjustment just described. This involves the use of suitable computer equipment capable of storing and processing a large amount of data, which makes the device both expensive and susceptible to damage.

 The values of electricity and voltage generated during various cycles, which largely depend on the oscillation frequency of the magnets, are not directly or automatically proportional to the value of the mechanical energy produced by the engine when the compression stroke changes. This generally involves the use of large batteries located between the part of the internal combustion that recharges them and electric motors that are powered by batteries.

 The functional diagram of an internal combustion engine, except for the absence of a crankshaft, is usual, and from here the task is to achieve good overall efficiency by maximizing the energy per cycle to obtain the required high temperatures and pressures.

 While this is strictly acceptable from the point of view of energy only, it is not from the point of view of environmental pollution, since it is practically impossible to prevent the formation of toxic compounds such as nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide when the device is operated on an installed mixture at high temperatures inside the cylinder.

 Another similar example of a linear generator includes a Jarrett engine, in which, although controlling the "return" of the piston under the pressure generated by the electric current is less of a problem, all of the above disadvantages exist, plus the fact that in order not to further increase the losses, which are already high, fresh air for the cycle enters the cylinder by means of acoustic resonance, which can only be achieved in a limited frequency range of the cycle, and which entails the fact that this type of engine it starts only by electric means, and after that it works with a very high fixed compression ratio of 26: 1, which means that the engine can only run on crude oil and only at very high fixed speeds, while it needs cooling, there are problems with particles, etc.

 The author of the present invention concluded that in order to simultaneously solve the problems of harmful emissions, design complexity, the need for intermediate batteries, the possibility of preliminary adjustment and low efficiency, a generator is needed in which the electromagnetic part and the internal combustion part must form a functional unit together and form a single whole , while the movement of the piston with variable strokes will lead to the fact that the amount of mechanical energy produced part of internal combustion, will exactly correspond to the amount of energy absorbed by the electromagnetic part in the production of electric current for each cycle, according to the laws of thermodynamics, gas combustion and electromagnetism.

 Based on this concept, using one or more prechambers in addition to existing cylinders, an ultra-simple device was created that was controlled electronically, primarily by controlling only the amount of fuel admitted per cycle and the position of the end of the compression stroke of the piston or pistons. All this was achieved, as will be described in more detail below, with very low maximum, average, and minimum temperatures of the thermodynamic cycles used (about half of the usual values for internal combustion engines), and hence practically zero environmental pollution and very high overall efficiency part of the internal combustion at all operating speeds.

 Based on the foregoing, the author invented the object of this description, which actually relates to an autogenous electric power generator, in which energy is generated by connecting an electromagnetic means, including fixed windings, with one or more permanent magnets moving with the reciprocating movement of one or more pistons a two-stroke internal combustion engine that can operate with a variable compression stroke, each piston completes one stroke as a result of injury of the fuel and expansion of gases in the cylinder, and one compression stroke as a result of the effect of the component that returns mechanical energy, characterized in that set out in the distinctive part of paragraph 1 of the attached claims.

The advantages mentioned above will be apparent from the detailed description of the generator below with reference to the accompanying illustrations, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal schematic sectional view of one example of the construction of a single-cylinder push-pull generator according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal schematic sectional view of another embodiment with two pistons facing each other with one common combustion chamber;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a generator according to the invention, equipped with four pistons combined in pairs with two combustion chambers;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a guide structure showing the placement of magnets and fixed windings;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of combustible fuel as a function of the weight ratio of air / fuel in the mixture;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a single cylinder structure equipped with two auxiliary cylinders for exhaust;
FIG. 7 shows a curve of the overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine as a generator according to the invention;
FIG. 8 shows a specific fuel consumption curve;
FIG. 9 depicts a truncated cone type prechamber in a configuration having two injection nozzles.

 FIG. 1 shows a generator in which magnets 3 and fixed windings 2 are arranged so that their electromagnetic cohesion decreases with an increase in the stroke of the piston 4, but increases with an increase in the stroke of compression of the piston 4. Other designs are possible, in which other parts are connected so that the opposite happens, that is, when the electromagnetic coupling between the magnets 3 and the windings 2 increases with increasing travel and vice versa.

 The generator consists of a cylinder 5, in which the piston 4 moves (Fig. 1) with two identical devices of magnets 3 located symmetrically with respect to the axis of the cylinder, unified with it via a branch 4 '. These magnets 3 are immersed during the cycles during the compression stroke and the working stroke carried out by the piston 4, this immersion varies at an angle depending on the length of the specified stroke inside the two fixed windings 2, which are thus identical and symmetrical.

 Since the compression stroke increases, it has been established that the electromagnetic coupling between the magnets 3 and the associated windings 2 increases, and vice versa, decreases as the stroke increases.

 The movement of the piston 4 is caused in one direction by the expansion of the compressed gas in accordance with the effect of fuel combustion, and in the other direction by the action of means designed to return mechanical energy, for example, one or more twisted springs or other means, including electromagnetic means of a known type, in which electric energy is used to return mechanical energy to the piston, for example, types of generator already known and referenced earlier, even if the last device ie complicated and expensive.

 The fuel supplied through the injection nozzle 14 is sprayed so that it saturates at least a portion of the volume of air contained in the prechamber 10, which has a substantially conical configuration with the base 10 'open towards the cylinder 5.

 The piston / magnet assembly is held by two means 15, 16 with rolling friction (sliding), which can be attached to the housing of the specified cylinder 5 and which allow the piston stroke, as described above, with minimal mechanical loss.

 Looking at the same FIG. 1, which shows a generator 1 with a two-stroke engine in the idle position, it is easy to describe its effect: all that is required to start is the injection of a predetermined amount of properly atomized fuel into the pre-chamber 10 and, only for the start-up cycle, into cylinder 5, and the formation of a spark between the electrodes 13 located near the base 10 'of the cone forming the prechamber 10.

 An “explosion” of the air-fuel mixture advances the piston / magnet assembly in the direction of said springs 7, compressing them, and these springs then expand, returning the same amount of “absorbed” kinetic energy so that piston 4 completes the compression reverse stroke.

The length of this compression stroke depends on the kinetic energy acquired by the piston 4 as a result of the indicated initial “explosion”, from which the amount of energy that is transformed into electricity in the windings 2 along the piston travels in both directions, while various losses are reduced,
The resulting residual kinetic energy of the piston 4 is then converted into a compression stroke having a specific length.

 At the end of this compression process, the density, and hence the mass of air contained within the prechamber 10, will increase to a value corresponding to the obtained compression ratio, and the amount of gasoline equivalent or slightly greater than the corresponding amount required to obtain the desired chemical reaction is then injected using an injection nozzles 14, and this fuel is then ignited by electrodes 13. If the electromagnetic device has a structure according to the invention, that is, such that for this compression stroke and for creating a curve for the piston stroke velocity, which increases with compression for obvious physical reasons, the mechanical energy absorbed by the specified electromagnetic device for generating electricity when the piston moves 4 forward and backward will be equal to the energy generated during the stroke (output power grid), piston 4 completes one stroke plus one compression return stroke, stopping at exactly the same point as before, without changing the compression ratio.

 Thus, the injection of the same amount of fuel with an unlimited number of cycles provides a stable, stable operation of the generator.

 To increase the amount of electricity produced per cycle, it is enough to only increase the amount of fuel injected into the pre-chamber 10 by a predetermined value.

 The increase in energy produced during fuel combustion compared with the last cycle when operating in a constant mode is divided into an increase in the amount of electricity generated and an increase in the compression ratio, which is set at a new level, which, in turn, depends exclusively on the new position occupied by piston 4 at the end the compression stroke, and the amount of fuel corresponding to the greater mass of air contained in the prechamber 10 should then be injected to meet the new conditions, and the operating mode will remain be stable under the new conditions, ensuring that the confirmation of the process described above is obtained, in other words, again with this new compression stroke and the relative velocity curve of cylinder 4, the energy absorbed by the electromagnetic device (i.e., the amount of electrical energy generated per cycle divided on electromagnetic efficiency) in the new conditions, with a new amount of energy generated by the combustion of fuel, it remains exactly the same. Obviously, this also applies to slowing down and decreasing the piston stroke, although in this case the amount of gasoline per cycle should be reduced instead of increasing.

 The inventor recommends an increase in air saturation in the prechamber 10 in a constant mode of operation by about 20% compared with the amount strictly necessary for a chemical reaction, that is, the ratio of air to gasoline should be approximately 12.2.

Under these conditions, rapid acceleration and deceleration of the stroke of the piston 4 can be achieved by increasing and decreasing the amount of fuel, as described, by up to 14% compared with the previous cycle, each time maintaining a state of the mixture in the prechamber 10, which ensures the combustion rate as possible closer to optimal (see Fig. 5), with the relative advantages of the configuration of the cycle and its thermodynamic efficiency. If enriched mixtures are used in the prechamber 10 to change the speed, their effect with respect to harmful emissions on the generator according to the invention will be significantly reduced: ignition actually causes an immediate and rapid expansion with relative restraint of the temperature increase of the mixture, which, apart from everything else, is mixed with a very significant amount of air contained in the cylinder 5, which has a relatively low temperature under any operating conditions. As a guide, in an experimental prototype with a maximum compression ratio ρ = 8.5, for this compression ratio, which is at a constant level, the maximum cycle temperature is approximately 765 ^o C (1029 K), and the exhaust temperature is approximately 164 ^o C (437 K), c (λ) _v = 10.

Engineers working in the art will have no difficulty calculating the formation of toxic substances from fuel combustion (NO _x , CO), which are virtually zero under these conditions.

 The described combustion procedures, which became possible when using the prechamber 10, also allow changing the energy production per cycle while maintaining the same compression ratio during the piston stroke, or vice versa, without other adjustments and, as established, without negative consequences, unless the generator energy is supplied to a fixed load of the ohmic type, in which case the control of the generator is limited to that described above, and to the load, which can vary depending on specific laws, for example, dangling electric motors, or the phenomenon of magnetic saturation. In this case, the same procedure can be followed or the amount of fuel supplied per cycle changes with a change in compression, but with the same piston stroke, or, conversely, to adapt to the increasing load in cases where, for example, an instantaneous tipping moment quickly deviates from the moving moment, and the load consequently changes, affecting the amount of energy produced by the generator in one cycle.

 Engineers in the art can, at their discretion, determine the working curves of various characteristics, the geometric dimensions of the engine and generator parts and the type of adjustment according to the type of load, as well as the value in percentage of the increase or decrease in the amount of fuel per cycle, which should be provided in different working situations, with the advantage that in the generator according to the invention, within the scope of its application, with an increase in the compression stroke, the effective voltage at the ends of the winding it increases along the same curves, but at a higher level than before. This also applies to the amount of energy per cycle in the simplest case, in which the load is a purely ohmic load.

 Obviously, the aforementioned single-phase current produced by the generator can be rectified by diodes or modulated in other ways using a converter depending on the user's requirements, thereby allowing the direct supply of electric power to the electric motors of vehicles without the need for intermediate batteries.

 All that is needed to adjust the internal combustion engine of the generator 1, according to the invention, is to fix the position of the end of the compression stroke of the piston 4 and enter this data into the central electronic unit (not shown), which regulates the amount of fuel supplied per cycle by the injection nozzle 14 in precise depending on the position reached by the piston 4 during the previous cycle, and / or load, increasing or decreasing it as required, if necessary, by issuing commands to increase or decrease the amount of fuel, for example p, by varying the angular or linear position of an accelerator pedal or other means of performing a similar role.

 It will be noted that for an engine with a power of about 35 hp, designed in accordance with the indicated parameters and with a change in the amount of fuel per cycle equivalent to the previously indicated 14%, the transition from the minimum output to the maximum occurs in less than 2 seconds.

 However, if the fuel supply is completely interrupted, the pistons stop after a very short residual stroke "by inertia" in a position in which the compression resistance of the gas in the cylinder 5 is equivalent and resists the acting attractive force between moving magnets 3 and other magnetized parts, or even just ferromagnets connected to fixed windings 2.

 The last mentioned parts are not shown in the drawings, since they can significantly change in configuration and device depending on the desire of the designer, who, as a specialist in the art, will not have difficulties in determining the size and location of these parts.

 It is worth repeating that, obviously, to ensure the correct operation of the generator, the ratio between the amounts of mechanical energy absorbed by the generator (equivalent to the amounts of electricity generated, divided by the corresponding electromagnetic efficiency), when working with two different compression strokes in an internal combustion engine, will be essentially equal to the ratio between two corresponding degrees of compression, multiplied by the ratio between the two output powers of the engine itself relative to these degrees with reaping.

For example, in numbers:
Suppose that for two different piston strokes (and hence the magnets connected to them), the two compression ratios obtained are equivalent to 8.5 (: 1) and 3.6 (: 1) and that the total efficiency of the internal combustion engine is 0.46 and 0.30 with respect to these compression ratios.

 To perform the presented tasks, magnets and windings must also have dimensions that also correspond to the type of load, their electrical values can be controlled so that the ratio between the amounts of energy consumed by the electromagnetic part of the generator in two different relative cycles, that is, during one compression stroke and one working stroke the piston corresponds to the specified compression ratios equivalent to 8.5 / 3.6 • 0.46 / 0.30 = 3.6. In other words, the mechanical energy consumed by the magnets per cycle of movement corresponding to a compression ratio of 8.5 should be 3.6 times greater than the mechanical energy consumed per cycle corresponding to a compression ratio of 3.6.

 This means that two different amounts of fuel, which can be mixed approximately in the volumes necessary for a chemical reaction, with two different masses of air contained in the prechamber in accordance with the indicated compression ratios, will give the necessary amount of energy, the output power grid for the movement of magnets in the production of electricity.

 If the load between the windings is a purely ohmic load, this can easily be achieved by simply adjusting the physical dimensions and configuration of the magnets and windings, as described below, and thus this happens automatically with each compression stroke. Otherwise, the amount of fuel per cycle and / or electrical values related to the load may vary as previously described.

 The internal efficiency of the actually operating part of the generator determines the amount of electricity actually generated with different compression strokes of the internal combustion engine.

 The above can be achieved physically, for example, by increasing the number of turns of the windings 2 both linearly and by following other suitable curves in the direction of immersion of the magnets 3 in them (see arrow in Fig. 4), forming the configuration of the magnets 3 in accordance with / or changes electrical values relative to the load.

 However, other configurations are possible that are created by those skilled in the art, including the use of several magnets in the form of a parallelepiped and fixed windings (Fig. 4) having such a device and dimensions that the electricity generated in one cycle during their relative movement for different strokes of the piston ( which are equal to the integral ∫Vidt during the cycle), follows a curve whose configuration can be rectified by bringing it into line with the curve of the energy generated in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (grid audio output) by varying, e.g., thickness of the magnets, their width and / or the air holes (T in FIG. 4) in the direction of movement. There is no need to make these changes: the designer can also decide to use magnets that have a parallelepiped configuration, changing part of the volume of air mixed in the prechamber, and / or the amount of fuel used to saturate it so that the amount of energy generated by the engine at any speed is such the same as that used by the generator to generate electricity.

 This is especially easy if the load is a purely ohmic load with a constant value (Fig. 4).

The type of combustion obtained using a pre-chamber 10 operating as described, or preferably two pre-chambers diametrically opposed and facing each other 110 (see FIG. 9), is more similar to that provided by the burner than conventional internal combustion in an internal engine combustion, and, as indicated, represents a very low temperature inside the cylinder, which, together with the abundance of oxygen required to complete the combustion, to a large extent guarantees the absence of toxic products such as CO, HC and NO _x .

 The prechambers shown in FIG. 1, 2 and 6 have a conical configuration and only one injection nozzle 14 located at the apex of the cone, but sometimes it may be useful to use prechambers, which, for example, have the configuration of a sub-cylindrical or truncated cone with the injection nozzle 111 mounted in a predetermined position perpendicular to the axis prechambers (Fig. 9). If the cylinder 9 is connected via the corresponding channels 112 to a closed base 113 located on the back side not facing the specified cylinder 9, it is possible to saturate to the necessary degree only a part of the total volume of air contained in the prechamber.

 The second injection nozzle 14 installed in the specified closed base 113, can only be used for the initial starting cycle. In this latter configuration of the device and with the forechambers facing each other, it is possible to completely eliminate HC residues due to the very strong turbulence resulting from the collision of two volumes of the mixture during its expansion and combustion. The use of one or more injection nozzles is also possible.

 The described process relates to cases where the internal combustion engine is powered by fuels with a low flash point, such as gasoline, alcohols or gaseous fuels, but diesel or similar fuels can also be used; for this, two injection nozzles are used in the same prechamber (as in FIG. 9), the first nozzle being used to inject gasoline, for example, at certain intervals, only during the transition period of engine start, until an adequate compression ratio for auto-ignition of diesel fuel is achieved, which is why the second nozzle is injected.

 This solution can be recommended in the case of stationary high-performance generators, in which the maximum output power may prevail over the issue of particle emissions (which can actually be reduced by partial exhaust gas recirculation, as described below).

 With this method of operation, very low temperatures can again be maintained compared to similar conventional engines.

 It has already been noted how the piston / magnet connection can be supported with the possibility of movement, for example, by two or more rolling friction bushings 15 that slide along the guide rods 16 (Fig. 1), or by other similar means to minimize friction in this In case there is no need to lubricate any of the moving parts due to low operating temperatures. A cooling system is also not required, and in fact, it is advisable to isolate the internal combustion engine so that its operation is adiabatic.

 The internal combustion engine is a two-stroke type engine, since, as we have seen, air intake and exhaust from the cylinder or cylinders are required for each cycle. One solution proposed by the author is to achieve this by moving the auxiliary exhaust piston 19 shown in FIG. 6, which during movement is integral with the piston 4 of the engine and which, during the compression stroke of the piston, draws air into the cylinder 20, which holds the air by means of a one-way valve 21, while during the stroke of said piston 4 it compresses this air before the moment when the second one-way valve 22 enters air into the pre-chamber 10 and the corresponding cylinder 5 due to a pressure drop inside the engine cylinder 5.

 With such a device, a release efficiency value approaching 0.90 can be achieved without problems, and, more importantly, it remains constant for any compression stroke, and hence for any amount of fuel per cycle.

 A similar result can be achieved with the auxiliary piston 19 'shown in FIG. 9, which is integral with the piston 6 and uses a part of the specified cylinder 9 of the engine as an auxiliary cylinder 20 ', in accordance with the well-known in the art method of working two-stroke engines with internal exhaust.

 This solution, shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the opposite arrangement of the pistons, described below.

 Since the effective working stroke of the engine pistons 4, 6 is equivalent only to the corresponding length of the cylinders 5, 9, while the compression stroke of the auxiliary pistons 19, 19 'is equal to the sum of this length and the compression stroke of the springs, at the stage of device development, the diameter of the auxiliary piston 19, 19' can be selected larger, equal to or smaller than the diameter of the engine piston, depending on whether full or only partial release of gaseous products of combustion is necessary for a given speed range. For example, in the prototype mentioned earlier, having an auxiliary piston 19 (FIG. 6), which has the same diameter as the engine piston 4, full exhaust is released when the compression stroke corresponds to a compression ratio equivalent to 3.5: 1, and partial exhaust with a reduced amount of air admitted with a smaller stroke of the piston occurred with a minimum acceptable compression ratio equivalent to 1.6: 1, when the exhaust reaches only 50% of the cylinder volume. Partial exhaust gas recirculation at lower degrees of compression has been found to serve to increase the stroke length, since the piston stroke is reduced to maintain temperatures, and hence combustion durations that are high enough to avoid the formation of HC in the transition gases in transition low pressure when starting generator 1.

 For optimal operation of the device, it will be useful to use sensors for measuring cylinder temperature and pressure, the first should be used for a small change in the amount of intake fuel with a cold engine (at startup), and the second again, depending on the position of the piston at the end of the compression stroke, to change the prevalence of fuel pump in order to obtain an effective injection, verified for all operating conditions.

 These components are not shown in the drawings, since they are known and can easily be made by a person skilled in the art.

 Despite all of the above, to further simplify the design of the autogenous generator corresponding to the invention, and to eliminate limiting reverse actions and / or simultaneously vibrations, it is advisable to use one or more pairs of pistons 6, 6 'facing each other, preferably with a single common combustion chamber 9 (Fig. 2). In this case, it is possible to have only one prechamber 10 (or two prechambers 111 facing each other, as shown in Fig. 9), located in the center with a longitudinal axis h perpendicular to the axis k of the pistons 6, 6 '. To ensure proper synchronization between several pairs of pistons during operation, if necessary, the author proposes to make pistons 6, 6 'as a whole using connecting means 8, 8' (Fig. 3), these pistons currently work in the same direction (almost one half of the pistons).

 If the design includes components for the return of mechanical energy, that is, springs 7, in the described case, so that their position can be adjusted in the direction of the axis of motion K of the pistons paired with them, then different amounts of electricity can be produced per cycle without changing the required frequency or the frequency can change with a constant cycle corresponding to optimal efficiency, by changing the stroke length of the pistons and hence the change in the time required to complete the stroke. The continuous monitoring of the speed and synchronization of the pistons also means that the stroke of the piston can be changed micrometrically so that it can be kept constant and properly synchronized. Obviously, in order to achieve this last result, it is sufficient that the position of the springs connected to only one half of the pistons can be adjusted, that is, those pistons that are connected as a whole using the connecting means 8 shown in FIG. 3.

 The means suitable for this adjustment may be, for example, a stepper motor or a DC motor 17 connected via a screw system and an internal receiving thread acting as a linear follower for the component 18, connected as a unit with the corresponding spring 7.

 The author also provided additional means to prevent vibration resulting from a short-term loss of synchronization between two pistons facing each other. In fact, when connecting the mechanical parts of the generator, which act as the base and location of the springs 7 (in Fig. 2, these parts consist of a housing 11 forming a cylinder body 5 and 5 '), with the ground or with a component that supports the generator by connecting 12, having a predetermined limited elasticity in the direction of movement of the pistons 6, 6 ', elastic deflection of the joint 12 does not occur with proper synchronization of the pistons, since the forces acting in opposite directions on the two springs 7 are connected nennye with two facing each other pistons are always equal to each other. However, if one of the two tailors moves earlier than the other, this will primarily cause the force to act on the corresponding spring and then on the elastic joints 12, which will extract part of the kinetic energy that the spring should absorb, and then return the corresponding piston as a result of elastic hysteresis effects under the influence of compression springs.

 This entails a slowdown in the return stroke of the piston and its gradual synchronization with the other (delayed) piston facing it. Obviously, this adjustment of the synchronization entails losses, albeit weak, of the overall energy balance, and thus it is advisable to use the electronic method, as mentioned above, to change the return position of the spring to ensure accurate initial synchronization.

 In conclusion of this description, we invite the reader to look at the diagrams (Fig. 7) of the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine of the generator corresponding to the invention and its specific energy consumption (Fig. 8). There is no reason for special detailed comments on these diagrams, as one skilled in the art will readily understand them. The overall efficiency actually has a value that exceeds approximately twice the efficiency of a conventional engine at any speed.

 All components, their purpose and location, as well as methods of adjustment can be changed and improved in accordance with the experience of a specialist in this field of technology.

 For example, instead of being held by a fork 4 ', the magnets 2 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, can be mounted on a cylindrical base having a single axis with the piston and integrating with it, with components arranged as described with respect to the Jarrett engine. This option is not shown in the drawings.

 The described illustrated constructions are thus preferred embodiments of the invention that are not restrictive or binding.

Claims (16)

 1. A linear electric generator (1), in which the generation of electricity is achieved using an electromagnetic device containing fixed windings (2) and one or more permanent magnets (3), which move with the reciprocating movement of one or more pistons (4) a two-stroke internal combustion engine adapted to work also with variable compression strokes, each piston (4) completes one working stroke due to combustion and expansion of the mixture in the cylinder (5) and one compression stroke due to the action I means (7) for the return of mechanical energy, due to which the cylinders (5) of the internal combustion engine, paired with pistons (4), have at least one prechamber (10) with a base (10 '), which is open in the direction of the cylinders and in which, at any engine operating conditions, at least part of the volume of air contained in the prechamber is mixed with at least the amount of fuel necessary for the chemical reaction, characterized in that the combustion of the mixture in the prechamber (10) produces all the necessary output energy and causes it to the propagation in the air contained in the cylinders into which the fuel was not injected and in which the combustion ends, said electromagnetic device has such a structure that for a given air / fuel ratio and with the indicated part of the air volume remaining unchanged, the ratio between the two total quantities energy that is actually used to generate electricity when the generator operates in different constant modes, corresponding to any two different completed expansion and compression moves of said pistons (4) is essentially equal to the ratio between the two compression ratios obtained in the prechambers (10) and corresponding cylinders (5) as a result of the action of the above two different strokes of these pistons (4), multiplied by the ratio of the two values of the total efficiency of the internal combustion engine corresponding to the specified compression ratios.  2. The linear electric power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the air volume in the prechamber (10), which must be mixed with the fuel, is installed by channels (112) leading from the cylinders (5) to the closed base (113) of the prechamber.  3. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the magnets (3) and the stationary windings (2) are arranged so that their electromagnetic coupling decreases when the stroke of the pistons (4) increases, but increases when the compression stroke of these pistons increases (4).  4. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that an ohmic load with a constant value is applied between the ends of the windings (2) and the appropriate amount of mechanical energy used to generate electricity relative to two different completed expansion and compression strokes of these pistons (5), automatically obtained due to the suitable configuration, layout and size of these magnets (3) and fixed windings (2).  5. The linear generator according to claim 4, characterized in that said magnets (3) are essentially parallelepiped-shaped, they and fixed windings (2) have such a layout and dimensions that the mechanical energy used to generate electricity when they are relocated for one cycle follows a curve corresponding to a change in the compression stroke of the specified piston or pistons (4), which can be considered to substantially coincide with the curve of energy produced per cycle of an internal combustion engine in accordance with this same stroke due to changes in the thickness of the magnets (3), their width and / or air gap (T) in the direction of movement.  6. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at least one prechamber (10) has a substantially conical configuration with an injection nozzle (14) located at the top of the cone.  7. A linear generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one prechamber (10) has a substantially truncated cone configuration and its closed base (113) facing opposite to the cylinder (9) connected to the specified cylinder (9) by one or more channels (112), the injection nozzle (114) is located on the axis of the specified closed base and the second injection nozzle (111) is located perpendicular to the axis of the prechamber in a predetermined position.  8. The linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that for eliminating vibrations and limiting reverse actions, there is one or more pairs of pistons (6, 6 ') facing each other.  9. The linear generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of pistons (6, 6 ') is integer multiple of two and they are connected together in pairs with each other using connecting means 8, 8' (figure 3), and these pistons ( 6, 6 ') work in one direction at every moment of the cycle.  10. A linear generator according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that two cylinders located opposite each other (6, 6 ') have a common combustion chamber (9), into which at least one prechamber (10) leads , with a longitudinal axis (h) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (K) of the two cylinders (6, 6 ').  11. The linear generator according to claim 10, characterized in that two prechambers (110) are used for each pair of cylinders facing each other (6, 6 ') located diametrically opposite and facing each other.  12. A linear generator according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the position of at least a portion of these components (7) intended to return mechanical energy can be adjusted in the direction of the axis of motion of the pistons paired with these components.  13. The linear generator according to claim 12, characterized in that only the position of the components for energy recovery coupled with half of the pistons (6, 6 ′ of FIG. 2) that move in a given direction at a given point in the cycle can be adjusted.  14. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the part (11), which acts as the base and location of the aforementioned return mechanisms (7), is connected to the ground or to the element supporting the generator (1) by means of connections (12), having a predetermined elasticity in the direction of movement of the pistons (6, 6 'of FIG. 2).  15. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the air for removing exhaust gases and filling the cylinders (5) is supplied by the prechamber (s) (10) using one or more auxiliary exhaust pistons (19), which are integral with pistons (4) of the internal combustion engine, these auxiliary pistons (19) suck in air in the compression phase of the pistons (4) using primary one-way valves (21) fixed in the interacting auxiliary cylinders and pump it into these prechambers (10) with These are secondary one-way valves (22) located close to these prechambers (10) during the expansion phase of these pistons (4).  16. A linear generator according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that in any operating mode, at least a portion of the air contained in the prechamber / chambers (10) of the internal combustion engine is mixed with an amount of fuel equivalent to 120% of the amount of fuel required for a chemical reaction. Priority on points:
06/09/94 according to claims 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12-14;
11/04/94 according to claims 4, 5, 11, 15, 16;
02/07/95 according to paragraphs 2 and 7.

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