RU2138653C1 - Exhaust gas catalyst converter of carburetor engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; exhaust systems of carburetor internal combustion engine. SUBSTANCE: catalyst converter is provided with exhaust gas distributor made in form of disk enclosed in housing. Disk is provided with holes uniformly spaced over circumference and intake valves fitted in holes, each valve being adjusted for corresponding operating conditions of engine. One of intake valves is locked by screw in closed position at regeneration of active layer of catalyst reactor placed behind disk. Through hole made in disk serves to pass exhaust gas flow at idling. Housing of catalyst converter is installed for movement relative to housing of exhaust gas distributor, and reactors with catalysts are arranged in parallel with gas flow. EFFECT: improved efficiency of gas cleaning, increased service life of catalyst reactors. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in exhaust systems of carburetor internal combustion engines to reduce the content of toxic substances in exhaust gases.

 Known catalytic converter for engine exhaust [1], comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, several reactors with catalysts arranged parallel to the gas stream and an exhaust gas distributor.

 In the known converter, the first reactor, as a result of contamination with the maximum soot-containing exhaust gases during engine start-up and warm-up, as well as at idle and partial loads, has a limited service life, which ultimately degrades the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning and limits the service life of the converter as a whole. Not provided for the regeneration of the catalytic layer of the reactor.

 The invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of gas purification, extending the life of catalytic reactors by changing the direction of gas flow, restoring the operability of catalytic reactors by their heat treatment.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the exhaust gas distributor is made in the form of a disk enclosed in a housing, which has uniformly located holes around the circumference and inlet valves installed in them, each of which is adjusted to the corresponding engine operation mode, while one of the inlet valves is fixed in in the closed position with a screw during regeneration of the catalytically active layer of the catalytic reactor located behind it, and also a through hole is made in the disk for passage otok exhaust gases in an idling mode, wherein the converter housing is movable relative to the housing of the exhaust gas distributor.

 Distinctive features of the prototype is that the exhaust gas distributor is made in the form of a disk enclosed in a housing that has holes evenly spaced around the circumference and inlet valves installed therein, the converter housing is movably relative to the exhaust gas distributor housing.

 Figure 1 shows a General view of the converter; figure 2 is a section along aa; figure 3 is a section along BB.

 The exhaust gas neutralizer for the carburetor engine comprises a housing 10 with inlet 1 and outlet 15 nozzles and an exhaust gas distributor housing 2. In the housing 10, there are reactors with porous cermet catalysts 11, 12, 13 and 14. In the disk 17 of the exhaust distributor housing 2 are located inlet valves 4, 5 and 6, and a hole 3 is made, the diameter of which allows the gas flow to pass and not create counterpressures to the exhaust gas output greater than the nominal when the engine is idling. A threaded hole is made in the body of the exhaust gas distributor 2 into which the screw 7 is screwed. If the screw 7 is fully screwed in, the intake valve 6 is fixed in the closed position. When the catalytic reactor 14 is operating, screw 7 is screwed 1/3. The partition wall 16 forms the chambers of the first, second, third and fourth reactors.

 The catalytic converter operates as follows.

 When the carbureted internal combustion engine is idling, the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas distributor 2 housing through the inlet pipe 1, passes into the first reactor 11 through the opening 3, is cleaned and exits the converter through the outlet pipe 15.

 The change in the flow rate of exhaust gases occurs depending on the load on the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas consumption of the carburetor engine at full load is 7 times greater than when idling. Because The sizes of the catalytic reactors are chosen so as to provide minimal counterpressure to the exhaust gas discharge at all engine operating modes; considerable time is required for warming up the catalytic reactor to operating temperature. The proposed Converter has a catalytic reactor for the purification of exhaust gases at idle, providing nominal counterpressure to the exhaust gas in this mode. Its dimensions allow it to warm up to operating temperature much faster, thereby providing a more efficient purification of exhaust gases.

 When the engine is operating under partial load conditions, i.e. when the exhaust gas flow increases, the exhaust gas pressure increases, the inlet valve 4 opens, part of the exhaust gas passes into the catalytic reactor 13, it is cleaned and leaves the converter through the outlet pipe 15. When the engine is operating at medium load, the exhaust gas flow increases, the pressure at the inlet the valve 6 increases, the inlet valve 6 is additionally opened, passing part of the exhaust gases through the catalytic reactor 14; when the engine is operating at full load, valve 5 enters into operation, passing part of the gases into the catalytic reactor 12.

 The rotation of the catalytic converter housing 10 relative to the body of the exhaust gas distributor 2 and the outlet pipe 15 changes the position of the valves 4, 5, 6 and the hole 3 relative to the catalytic reactors 11, 12, 13, 14, which allows all catalytic reactors to be used alternately as spent fuel purification reactors gases at idle engine, characterized by the highest toxicity. This ensures the most complete use of the catalytically active layer of all reactors.

 If necessary, to regenerate the catalytically active layer of one of the reactors, screw 7 is screwed, thereby fixing the inlet valve 6 in the closed position. In this case, the catalytic reactor located behind it is subjected to heat treatment, heating up from the remaining catalytic reactors as the exhaust gases pass through them.

 The design of the catalyst provides effective purification of exhaust gases at all engine operating modes, uniform use of the catalytically active layer of all reactors, allows the regeneration (recovery) of the catalytically active layer of catalytic reactors with significant contamination and deterioration of exhaust gas purification.

Sources of information
Application of Russia N 95106546, cl. F 01 N 3/28, publ. 1997.

Claims (1)

 A catalytic converter for the exhaust gas of a carburetor engine, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, several reactors with catalysts arranged parallel to the gas flow, and an exhaust gas distributor, characterized in that the exhaust gas distributor is made in the form of a disk enclosed in a housing that has uniformly spaced around the circumference of the hole and the intake valves installed in them, each of which is adjusted to the corresponding engine operation mode, while one of the intake valve is fixed in the closed position when the screw regenerating a catalytically active layer arranged behind it of the catalytic reactor, and a disc provided with a through hole for passing the exhaust gas stream in an idling mode, wherein the converter housing is movable relative to the housing of the exhaust gas distributor.

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