RU213797U1 - Pneumatic seeder for two-row belt sowing of vegetable crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. Pneumatic seeder for two-row belt sowing of vegetable crops, including a trailed frame with sowing sections combined in pairs, each of which is equipped with a seed and fertilizer sowing apparatus, a coulter, support-drive and press wheels. Seed-seeding and fertilizer-seeding devices are made pneumatic with double seeding discs and placed on skid coulters. Each pair of sowing sections is equipped with an additional coulter located in the center between the sowing sections in the form of a knife-shaped anchor furrow former with sidewalls set apart, equipped with a microgranule receiver-distributor and a harrow. Fertilizer metering devices are installed closer to the center and the fertilizer ducts are made with the possibility of communication with the receiver distributor of the furrow former. Provides oriented placement of fertilizer granules in depth and soil horizon with the placement of a line of fertilizer in the center of the tape of sown seeds. 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to pneumatic seeders for two-row belt sowing of vegetable crops, and can be used in sowing machines.

A well-known universal combined seeder for sowing binary sowing seeds of various crops, consisting of a frame with a towing device, openers located on it, support and press wheels, seed boxes, for seeds and fertilizers are divided into four sections, two for seeds of various crops and two - for fertilizers, while each section is equipped with coil sowing units, in quantity equal to the number of coulters for the sown crop and fertilizer application. As coulters of the sowing section, two-disc, anchor with one and two-line sowing of seeds with different depth placement of seeds and fertilizers, T-shaped for direct sowing, keeled and paw coulters are used (description for patent RU 192702, IPC A01C 7/00 (2006.01), published 09/26/2019).

Known seeder provides the possibility of binary sowing, but does not exclude the possibility of contact of seeds with fertilizers.

The objective of the utility model is to create a pneumatic seeder for two-row belt sowing of vegetable crops, which provides high yields and high-quality sowing by eliminating the risk of salt effect and toxic effects of fertilizer on sown seeds.

EFFECT: oriented placement of fertilizer granules along the depth and soil horizon with the placement of a line of fertilizers in the center of the belt of sown seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic seeder for two-line belt sowing of vegetable crops, including a trailed frame with combined sowing sections in pairs, each of which is equipped with seed and fertilizer sowing devices, a coulter, support-drive and press wheels, the seed and fertilizer sowing devices are made pneumatic with double seeding discs and placed on skid coulters, with each pair of sowing sections equipped with an additional coulter located in the center between the sowing sections in the form of a knife-shaped anchor furrow former with sidewalls set apart, equipped with a microgranule receiver-distributor and a harrow, and fertilizer sowing devices are installed closer to the center and the fertilizer ducts are configured to communicate with the receiver distributor of the furrow former.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a seeder, side view; in fig. 2, also a plan view; in fig. 3 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - kinematic diagrams of the articulated suspension of the sowing sections; in fig. 5 - scheme of embedding the sown material in the soil horizon.

The pneumatic seeder for sowing seeds of vegetable crops contains a trailed frame 1, to which the housings of the base sowing sections 3 are connected on a hinged spring suspension 2, mounted on skid coulters 7. The base sowing sections include pneumatic sowing machines 4 with double seeding discs 5 and a 6 hopper material 6. Skid-shaped coulters 7, based on support-drive 8 and 9 press wheels.

Basic sowing sections 3 are installed on frame 1 in pairs, in pairs section 3a and section 3b. Between sections 3a and 3b, an additional coulter 10 is mounted in the center of the row, including a knife-shaped anchor furrow former 11 with sidewalls 12 spread apart, a receiver-distributor 13 of microgranules and a harrower 14.

Seeding units 4a and 4b are placed opposite (turned relative to each other by 180°). Fertilizer sections of the sowing machine 4a on section 3a and 4b on section 3b, respectively, are installed closer to the center of the belt.

The sowing machines 4a, 4b communicate with the base sections 3a, 3b through the seed ducts 15, and the receiver-distributor 13 of the coulter 10 through the fertilizer ducts 16.

The seeder works as follows.

When the seed unit moves across the field at a working speed V ₀ from the support wheels 8, the rotation is transmitted to the sowing machines 4 of both sections, while the seeds and microgranules of fertilizers / stimulants are fed from their sections of the hopper 6 through the seed ducts 15 and fertilizer ducts 16, respectively, into the base sections 3a, 36 and receiver-distributor 13 opener 10.

With the steady movement of the seeder, the coulters 7 and 10 move in the direction of movement of the sowing unit and copy the field relief, while the knife-shaped anchor furrow former 11 with sidewalls 12 immersed in the cut soil. By contacting the soil with the side surfaces 12 and acting as a cutting tool, the auxiliary coulter 10 ensures the crushing of the soil and the formation of a furrow in the center of the belt to the depth of the placement of microfertilizers. The microgranules coming through the receiver-distributor 13 are placed on the bottom of the formed furrow, and the crushed soil crumbles when leaving the sidewalls 12, filling up the microgranules and then covered with a 14 harrow in the direction of the sowing unit.

Similarly, vegetable seeds are sown and planted in parallel with coulters 7 forming a belt of sown material from two lines of seeds, between which there is a line of microfertilizers, while microfertilizers are planted below the level of sown seeds to a given depth.

Pneumatic metering units with dual discs ensure accurate seed and granule positioning in the appropriate furrow. As such an apparatus, in particular, a pneumatic seeding apparatus with a universal dosing system, known from the description of patent RU 2 737 974 C1, can be used.

The design of the claimed technical solution provides a directed and uniform application of microfertilizers in the middle of the tape between the rows of seeds and below the depth of their placement, excluding contact of the seed with microfertilizers.

Such an oriented multi-level placement of micronutrient fertilizers relative to the sown seeds, creating a favorable feeding area for vegetable crops, which contributes to the development of the root system during their growing season, ensuring the friendliness of seedlings and increasing productivity.

The conducted field experimental studies confirmed the rationality of the design of the claimed technical solution and showed its effectiveness and high operational reliability, which allows for high-quality tape sowing of seeds with simultaneous placement of micronutrient fertilizers at a given depth, taking into account agrotechnical requirements for the cultivation of small seeds. The use of the claimed pneumatic seeder for sowing onion seeds, according to our estimates, will increase the yield of cultivated crops by an average of 28-32%, the expected reduction in the cost of cultivated crops can average up to 20%.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic seeder for two-line belt sowing of vegetable crops, including a trailed frame with combined sowing sections in pairs, each of which is equipped with seed and fertilizer meters, a coulter, support-drive and press wheels, characterized in that the seed and fertilizer machines are made pneumatic with double seeding discs and placed on skid coulters, each pair of sowing sections is equipped with an additional coulter located in the center between the sowing sections in the form of a knife-shaped anchor furrow former with sidewalls set apart, equipped with a microgranule receiver-distributor and a harrow, and the fertilizer metering devices are installed closer to the center and the fertilizer ducts are made with the possibility of communication with the receiver distributor of the furrow former.

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