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RU2137067C1 - Natural gas liquefaction plant - Google Patents

Natural gas liquefaction plant Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2137067C1
RU2137067C1 RU97112342A RU97112342A RU2137067C1 RU 2137067 C1 RU2137067 C1 RU 2137067C1 RU 97112342 A RU97112342 A RU 97112342A RU 97112342 A RU97112342 A RU 97112342A RU 2137067 C1 RU2137067 C1 RU 2137067C1
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Russia
Prior art keywords
natural gas
line
liquefaction
closed loop
heat exchanger
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RU97112342A
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Russian (ru)
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RU97112342A (en
Inventor
Н.Х. Ванинский
В.В. Завельский
Л.Е. Поляков
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Закрытое акционерное общество "Криогенная технология"
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Priority to RU97112342A priority Critical patent/RU2137067C1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0267—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using flash gas as heat sink
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

FIELD: natural gas liquefaction plants. SUBSTANCE: plant includes liquefaction line connected to precompressed natural gas pipe line. Plant includes also two cooling loops, one of which is closed. Nitrogen is used in this loop as cooling agent; loop includes compressor and expansion unit, as well as at least one heat exchanger mounted in liquefaction line. Second loop is open; it is connected to precompressed natural gas pipe line and is provided with expansion unit fitted on one shaft with compressor and expansion unit of closed loop and at least one heat exchanger located before expansion unit of closed loop. All heat exchangers are of shell-and-tube type. Tubular space of heat exchanges is included in closed loop. Liquefaction line includes adsorbers connected to closed loop for regeneration of adsorbent. EFFECT: enhanced expansion proofness; reduced power requirements; reduced number of driving mechanisms. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к криогенной технике, более конкретно к установкам ожижения природного газа, преимущественно для получения ожиженного метана. The invention relates to cryogenic technology, and more particularly to installations for liquefying natural gas, mainly for the production of liquefied methane.

Известны установки ожижения природного газа, содержащие линию ожижения, подключенную к трубопроводу предварительно сжатого природного газа и замкнутый холодильный (рефрижераторный) контур (патент РФ N 2002176, кл. F 25 J 1/02, 1993). Known natural gas liquefaction plants containing a liquefaction line connected to a pre-compressed natural gas pipeline and a closed refrigeration (refrigerator) circuit (RF patent N 2002176, class F 25 J 1/02, 1993).

В указанной установке замкнутый холодильный контур выполнен в виде последовательно соединенных насоса трубного пространства, конденсатора испарителя, турбины и конденсатора смешения. В качестве хладоагента в контуре использован метан, который получен из ожижаемого природного газа. In this installation, a closed refrigeration circuit is made in the form of a series-connected pump of the tube space, an evaporator condenser, a turbine and a mixing condenser. Methane obtained from liquefied natural gas was used as a refrigerant in the circuit.

В данной установке технический результат, достигаемый изобретением, получен быть не может, поскольку не предусмотрены условия для обеспечения взрывобезопасности (отсутствие азотного контура). Кроме того, установка характеризуется большим количеством приводных механизмов. In this installation, the technical result achieved by the invention cannot be obtained, since the conditions for ensuring explosion safety (lack of a nitrogen circuit) are not provided. In addition, the installation is characterized by a large number of drive mechanisms.

Известны также установки ожижения природного газа, содержащие линию ожижения, подключенную к трубопроводу предварительно сжатого природного газа и два холодильных контура (патент СССР N 476766 кл. F 25 J 1/00, 1975). Also known are natural gas liquefaction plants comprising a liquefaction line connected to a pre-compressed natural gas pipeline and two refrigeration circuits (USSR patent N 476766 class. F 25 J 1/00, 1975).

В указанной установке оба холодильных контура выполнены замкнутыми. В качестве хладагентов в контурах использованы многокомпонентные смеси. Оба контура имеют теплообменники, расположенные на линии природного газа. In this installation, both refrigeration circuits are closed. Multicomponent mixtures were used as refrigerants in the circuits. Both circuits have heat exchangers located on the natural gas line.

В данной установке также не предусмотрены средства для обеспечения взрывобезопасности. Кроме того, эта установка предусматривает также несколько приводных механизмов. This installation also does not provide means for ensuring explosion safety. In addition, this installation also provides for several drive mechanisms.

Поэтому в данной установке технический результат, достигаемый изобретением получен быть не может. Therefore, in this installation, the technical result achieved by the invention cannot be obtained.

Задача настоящего изобретения - создание взрывобезопасной высокоэкономичной установки для получения жидкого метана. The objective of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof highly economical installation for the production of liquid methane.

Технический результат, достигаемый изобретением - обеспечение взрывобезопасности с одновременным снижением энергозатрат при получении жидкого метана путем уменьшения объема оборудования для очистки и уменьшения количества приводных механизмов. The technical result achieved by the invention is to ensure explosion safety while reducing energy consumption in the production of liquid methane by reducing the amount of equipment for cleaning and reducing the number of drive mechanisms.

Данный технический результат достигается тем, что в установке ожижения природного газа, содержащей линию ожижения, подключенную к трубопроводу предварительно сжатого природного газа, и два холодильных контура, один из которых выполнен замкнутым, при этом последний имеет по крайней мере один теплообменник, установленный на линии ожижения; в замкнутом контуре в качестве холодильного агента использован азот, а сам контур включает компрессор и детандер, второй контур выполнен разомкнутым, подключен к трубопроводу предварительного сжатого природного газа и имеет детандер, расположенный на одном валу с компрессором и детандером замкнутого контура, и по крайней мере один теплообменник, расположенный перед детандером замкнутого контура. This technical result is achieved in that in a natural gas liquefaction plant containing a liquefaction line connected to a pre-compressed natural gas pipeline and two refrigeration circuits, one of which is closed, the latter having at least one heat exchanger installed on the liquefaction line ; in a closed circuit, nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, and the circuit itself includes a compressor and an expander, the second circuit is open, connected to a pre-compressed natural gas pipeline and has an expander located on one shaft with a compressor and a closed circuit expander, and at least one a heat exchanger located in front of a closed loop expander.

Данный технический результат достигается также тем, что теплообменники выполнены кожухотрубчатыми, при этом межтрубное пространство теплообменников включено в замкнутый контур, а в линию ожижения включены адсорберы, подключенные к замкнутому контуру для регенерации адсорбента. This technical result is also achieved by the fact that the heat exchangers are shell and tube, while the annular space of the heat exchangers is included in a closed loop, and adsorbers connected to a closed loop for regeneration of the adsorbent are included in the liquefaction line.

Изобретение поясняется чертежом. The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Конструкция установки. Installation design.

Установка содержит линию 1 ожижения, подключенную к трубопроводу 2 предварительно сжатого природного газа. На линии 1 расположены адсорберы 3,4 для очистки метана (основного компонента природного газа) от примесей. Между адсорберами на линии 1 установлен теплообменник 5, а за адсорбером 4 теплообменник 6 для охлаждения природного газа. После теплообменника 6 на линии 1 установлен дроссель 7 и затем сборник 8 жидкого метана, снабженный арматурным узлом 9, через который жидкий метан выдается основному потребителю. Сборник 8 жидкого метана снабжен также магистралью, по которой поступают пары метана, образующиеся в результате дросселирования (в дросселе 7). На магистрали 10 последовательно расположены теплообменники 11, 12, 13 компрессор 14 и охладитель 15. Затем магистраль 10 подключена к вторичному потребителю 16 (например, для сжигания). Сборник 8 жидкого метана также имеет магистраль 17 для паровой фазы, на которой размещен нагреватель 18. Магистрали 9 и 16 встроены в магистраль 10 и в зоне их пересечения установлен газгольдер 19. The installation comprises a liquefaction line 1 connected to a pipeline 2 of pre-compressed natural gas. On line 1 there are 3.4 adsorbers for the purification of methane (the main component of natural gas) from impurities. A heat exchanger 5 is installed between the adsorbers on line 1, and a heat exchanger 6 for cooling natural gas behind the adsorber 4. After the heat exchanger 6, a line 7 is installed on line 1 and then a liquid methane collector 8, equipped with a reinforcing unit 9, through which liquid methane is supplied to the main consumer. The collector 8 of liquid methane is also equipped with a line through which methane vapors resulting from throttling (in throttle 7) are supplied. The heat exchangers 11, 12, 13, the compressor 14 and the cooler 15 are sequentially located on the highway 10. Then, the highway 10 is connected to the secondary consumer 16 (for example, for combustion). The liquid methane collector 8 also has a line 17 for the vapor phase, on which the heater 18 is located. The lines 9 and 16 are built into the line 10 and a gas holder 19 is installed in the zone of their intersection.

Установка содержит также разомкнутый холодильный контур, который подключен магистралью 20 к трубопроводу 2. На этой магистрали установлен детандер (турбодетандер 21), далее магистраль 20 встроена в теплообменник 12, а затем в теплообменник 13, а затем магистраль 20 подключена к вторичному потребителю 16 (например для сжигания). The installation also contains an open refrigeration circuit, which is connected by line 20 to pipeline 2. An expander (turboexpander 21) is installed on this line, then line 20 is built into the heat exchanger 12, and then into the heat exchanger 13, and then the line 20 is connected to the secondary consumer 16 (for example for burning).

Установка содержит также замкнутый холодильный контур, который включает емкость 22 с жидким азотом, соединенную магистралью 23 через перекрывной клапан 24 с газгольдером 25 и с компрессором (турбокомпрессором 26). В свою очередь, газгольдер 25 также соединен с магистралью 23 и с турбокомпрессором 26. The installation also contains a closed refrigeration circuit, which includes a tank 22 with liquid nitrogen, connected by a line 23 through a shut-off valve 24 with a gas holder 25 and with a compressor (turbocharger 26). In turn, the gas holder 25 is also connected to the highway 23 and to the turbocharger 26.

Далее на магистрали 23 последовательно расположены охладитель 27 и теплообменники 13, 12, 11. После теплообменника 11 магистраль 23 подсоединена к входу детандера (турбодетандер 28). Выход турбодетандера 28 соединен с магистралью 29, которая встроена в теплообменники 6,5, а затем в магистраль 23 в зоне расположения газгольдера 25. Турбодетандеры 21 и 28 расположены на одном валу 30 с турбокомпрессором 26 и служат его приводами. Охладители 15 и 27 имеют посторонний источник холода (например, воду), а нагреватель 18 - посторонний источник тепла (например, атмосферный воздух). Next, on the line 23, a cooler 27 and heat exchangers 13, 12, 11 are arranged in series. After the heat exchanger 11, the line 23 is connected to the inlet of the expander (turbo expander 28). The output of the turboexpander 28 is connected to the line 29, which is built into the heat exchangers 6.5, and then to the line 23 in the area of the gas holder 25. The turbo expanders 21 and 28 are located on the same shaft 30 with the turbocharger 26 and serve as its drives. Coolers 15 and 27 have an external source of cold (for example, water), and heater 18 has an external source of heat (for example, atmospheric air).

Из описания конструкции видно, что в теплообменниках 5 и 6 теплообменивающимися средами являются природный газ линии ожижения и азот. В теплообменнике 11 теплообменивающимися средами являются также природный газ линии сжижения (пары метана) и азот. А теплообменники 12 и 13 имеют три теплообменивающиеся среды (азот, природный газ линии ожижения и природный газ разомкнутого контура). Все теплообменники выполнены кожухотрубчатыми, и их межтрубное пространство включено в замкнутый азотный контур. Две другие теплообменивающиеся среды проходят по трубам, преимущественно змеевикам. Адсорберы 3,4 (очистительные блоки) имеют патрубки 31, 32 (соответственно с клапанами 33, 34), подключенные к замкнутому контуру (к магистрали 23) для регенерации адсорбента. It can be seen from the design description that in heat exchangers 5 and 6, heat-exchanging media are natural gas of the liquefaction line and nitrogen. In the heat exchanger 11, heat exchange media are also natural gas liquefaction lines (methane vapor) and nitrogen. And heat exchangers 12 and 13 have three heat-exchanging media (nitrogen, natural gas from the liquefaction line and natural gas open loop). All heat exchangers are shell-and-tube and their annular space is included in a closed nitrogen circuit. Two other heat-exchanging media pass through pipes, mainly coils. The adsorbers 3,4 (cleaning blocks) have nozzles 31, 32 (respectively with valves 33, 34) connected to a closed loop (to line 23) for regeneration of the adsorbent.

Работа установки. Installation work.

Природный газ перед поступлением в линию 1 ожижения проходит предварительную очистку от легкоконденсируемых примесей, т.е. в трубопровод 2 газ поступает предварительно очищенным. Таким образом, ожижаемый газ (основным компонентом которого является метан) из трубопровода 2 поступает в линию 1 ожижения, вначале в адсорбер 3, в котором удаляется основная часть оставшихся примесей. Затем газ охлаждается в теплообменнике 5 (охлаждается азотом, проходящим через межтрубное пространство) и поступает в адсорбер 4, который работает при более низкой температуре (по сравнению с адсорбером 3), что обеспечивает более высокую степень очистки метана от примесей. Затем газ (по существу, чистый метан) охлаждается в теплообменнике 6 (также азотом), дросселируется в дросселе 7 и попадает в сборник 8 жидкого метана (затем в арматурный узел 9) и расходуется по основному назначению. Natural gas, before entering the liquefaction line 1, is preliminarily purified from readily condensable impurities, i.e. In the pipeline 2, the gas enters pre-purified. Thus, the liquefied gas (the main component of which is methane) from the pipeline 2 enters the liquefaction line 1, first to the adsorber 3, in which the main part of the remaining impurities is removed. Then the gas is cooled in the heat exchanger 5 (cooled by nitrogen passing through the annulus) and enters the adsorber 4, which operates at a lower temperature (compared to the adsorber 3), which provides a higher degree of purification of methane from impurities. Then the gas (essentially pure methane) is cooled in the heat exchanger 6 (also nitrogen), throttled in the throttle 7 and enters the collector 8 of liquid methane (then in the reinforcement unit 9) and is consumed for its main purpose.

Испарившиеся при дросселировании пары природного газа по магистрали 10 поступают в теплообменник 11, где охлаждают азот, затем поступают в теплообменник 12, где также охлаждают азот совместно с природным газом, выходящим из детандера 21, и, наконец, пары природного газа поступают в теплообменник 13, где также нагреваются теми же средами. Подогретые пары природного газа поступают в компрессор 14, затем в охладитель 15 и, наконец, вторичному потребителю 16. Natural gas vapor evaporated during throttling along line 10 enters the heat exchanger 11, where it cools nitrogen, then enters the heat exchanger 12, where it also cools the nitrogen together with natural gas leaving the expander 21, and, finally, the natural gas vapor enters the heat exchanger 13, where they are also heated by the same environments. Heated natural gas vapors enter the compressor 14, then to the cooler 15, and finally to the secondary consumer 16.

Часть паров ожиженного газа (по существу метана) поступает по магистрали 17 из арматурного узла 9 в нагреватель 18, а затем также в компрессор 14. В газгольдере 19 собирается испарившийся метан, который также периодически подается в компрессор 14. Part of the vapor of liquefied gas (essentially methane) enters through line 17 from the reinforcing unit 9 to the heater 18, and then also to the compressor 14. Evaporated methane is collected in the gas tank 19, which is also periodically supplied to the compressor 14.

Работа разомкнутого холодильного цикла осуществляется следующим образом. The operation of the open refrigeration cycle is as follows.

Из трубопровода 2 по магистрали 20 он поступает в турбодетандер 21, где расширяется и охлаждается, одновременно сжимая азот в турбокомпрессоре 26, а затем в трубы теплообменника 13 и наконец к вторичному потребителю 16. From pipeline 2 through line 20, it enters a turboexpander 21, where it expands and cools, while compressing nitrogen in a turbocompressor 26, and then into pipes of a heat exchanger 13 and finally to a secondary consumer 16.

Работа же замкнутого (азотного) контура осуществляется следующим образом. The work of a closed (nitrogen) circuit is as follows.

Жидкий азот из емкости 22 через клапан 24 в виде паров поступает в магистраль 23, а затем на вход в компрессор 26, где сжимается, затем охлаждается в охладителе 27, поступает в теплообменники 13, 12 и 11 (в этих теплообменниках он охлаждается метаном и природным газом), затем поступает в турбодетандер 28, где охлаждается и одновременно служит приводом турбокомпрессора 26. Из турбодетандера 28 по магистрали 29 азот поступает в теплообменники 6 и 5 (где охлаждает основной поток ожижаемого природного газа) и поступает снова в магистрали 23, где азотный контур замыкается. В газгольдере 25 собирается резервный запас азота, который периодически подается в магистраль 23. Емкость 22 с жидким азотом может доставляться от сторонних источников снабжения, либо в установке могут быть использованы известные агрегаты получения азота из воздуха (например, методом короткоцикловой адсорбционной очистки, либо с помощью полунепроницаемых мембран). Азот во все теплообменники (в межтрубное пространство) подается после турбокомпрессора 26 под повышенным давлением, что обеспечивает взрывобезопасность оборудования. Использование разомкнутого и замкнутого холодильных циклов снижает нагрузку на средства очистки природного газа (адсорберы 3,4) от загрязняющих метан легкоконденсируемых примесей. Расположение турбодетандеров и турбокомпрессора на одном валу упрощает конструкцию и повышает ее экономичность. Liquid nitrogen from the tank 22 through the valve 24 in the form of vapors enters the line 23, and then at the inlet to the compressor 26, where it is compressed, then cooled in the cooler 27, enters the heat exchangers 13, 12 and 11 (in these heat exchangers it is cooled by methane and natural gas), then enters the turbo expander 28, where it is cooled and simultaneously drives the turbocharger 26. From the turbo expander 28, nitrogen enters the heat exchangers 6 and 5 through the line 29 (where it cools the main stream of liquefied natural gas) and again enters the line 23, where the nitrogen circuit s bumps in. In the gas tank 25, a reserve supply of nitrogen is collected, which is periodically supplied to the line 23. The tank 22 with liquid nitrogen can be delivered from third-party sources of supply, or known units for the production of nitrogen from the air can be used in the installation (for example, by means of a short-cycle adsorption treatment, or using semi-impermeable membranes). Nitrogen to all heat exchangers (into the annular space) is supplied after the turbocharger 26 under increased pressure, which ensures explosion safety of the equipment. The use of open and closed refrigeration cycles reduces the load on the means of purification of natural gas (adsorbers 3,4) from easily condensable impurities polluting methane. The location of the turbo-expanders and the turbocharger on the same shaft simplifies the design and increases its efficiency.

Claims (3)

1. Установка ожижения природного газа, содержащая линию ожижения, подключенную к трубопроводу предварительно сжатого природного газа, и два холодильных контура, один из которых выполнен замкнутым, при этом последний имеет по крайней мере один теплообменник, установленный на линии ожижения, отличающаяся тем, что в замкнутом контуре в качестве холодильного агента использован азот, а сам контур включает компрессор и детандер, второй контур выполнен разомкнутым, подключен к трубопроводу предварительно сжатого природного газа и имеет детандер, расположенный на одном валу с компрессором и детандером замкнутого контура, и по крайней мере один теплообменник, расположенный перед детандером замкнутого контура. 1. Installation of liquefaction of natural gas containing a liquefaction line connected to the pipeline of pre-compressed natural gas, and two refrigeration circuits, one of which is closed, the latter has at least one heat exchanger installed on the liquefaction line, characterized in that nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, and the circuit includes a compressor and an expander, the second circuit is open, connected to a pre-compressed natural gas pipeline and has an expansion An er located on one shaft with a compressor and a closed loop expander, and at least one heat exchanger located in front of the closed loop expander. 2. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что теплообменники выполнены кожухотрубчатыми, при этом межтрубное пространство теплообменников включено в замкнутый контур. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchangers are shell-and-tube, while the annular space of the heat exchangers is included in a closed loop. 3. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что в линию ожижения включены адсорберы, подключенные к замкнутому контуру для регенерации адсорбента. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that adsorbers connected to a closed loop for regeneration of the adsorbent are included in the liquefaction line.
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RU2280826C2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2006-07-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "ГЕЛИЙМАШ" (ОАО "НПО "ГЕЛИЙМАШ") Method and plant for partial natural gas liquefaction
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RU2656068C1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2018-06-01 Юрий Васильевич Белоусов Method and unit of natural gas liquefaction at the gas distribution station
RU2665787C1 (en) * 2017-07-21 2018-09-04 Юрий Васильевич Белоусов Natural gas liquefaction complex at a gas distribution station
RU2680285C2 (en) * 2013-02-20 2019-02-19 Криостар Сас Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas
RU2685778C1 (en) * 2015-07-15 2019-04-23 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Increasing efficiency of lng production system through preliminal cooling of incoming stream of natural gas
RU2688595C1 (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-05-21 Андрей Владиславович Курочкин Natural gas liquefaction plant
RU2749700C2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2021-06-17 Андрей Владиславович Курочкин Plant for reducing gas and generating a constant amount of liquefied natural gas (options)
RU2772632C1 (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-05-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ИЛФ Инжиниринг и Проектное управление» Method for producing liquefied natural gas

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RU2280826C2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2006-07-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "ГЕЛИЙМАШ" (ОАО "НПО "ГЕЛИЙМАШ") Method and plant for partial natural gas liquefaction
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RU2496066C2 (en) * 2008-04-23 2013-10-20 Статойл Аса Method of nitrogen double expansion
RU2680285C2 (en) * 2013-02-20 2019-02-19 Криостар Сас Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas
RU2685778C1 (en) * 2015-07-15 2019-04-23 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Increasing efficiency of lng production system through preliminal cooling of incoming stream of natural gas
RU2656068C1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2018-06-01 Юрий Васильевич Белоусов Method and unit of natural gas liquefaction at the gas distribution station
RU2665787C1 (en) * 2017-07-21 2018-09-04 Юрий Васильевич Белоусов Natural gas liquefaction complex at a gas distribution station
RU2688595C1 (en) * 2018-10-29 2019-05-21 Андрей Владиславович Курочкин Natural gas liquefaction plant
RU2749700C2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2021-06-17 Андрей Владиславович Курочкин Plant for reducing gas and generating a constant amount of liquefied natural gas (options)
RU2772632C1 (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-05-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ИЛФ Инжиниринг и Проектное управление» Method for producing liquefied natural gas
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