RU2135258C1 - Gear purifying and conditioning water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of drinkable water by purification and conditioning of tap and natural water. SUBSTANCE: gear has insert with holes to supply and drain water which houses layers of dolomite and schungite of various thickness and particle size of 0.03-3.0 mm arranged in succession. First layer along flow of purified water has thickness and particle size 3 to 6 times smaller than thickness of particles size of second layer. EFFECT: high quality of purification and conditioning of water with small bulk of loaded minerals. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of drinking water and can be used for purification and conditioning of tap and natural water.

 A device is known that partially solves the problem of water purification. It consists of a container, divided into two parts, the upper part of which is connected to the bottom by means of an insert having holes for supplying and draining water, as well as a load of activated carbon and an ion exchanger, which are placed inside the insert and mixed randomly. The ratio of the areas of all openings in the upper part of the insert where water enters to the area of all openings in the lower part of the insert where water enters is ≈ 1. The disadvantages of this device are, firstly, the chaotic mixing of the loading layers of activated carbon and an ion exchanger, which does not allow full use of their filtering capabilities. Secondly, the insert is non-separable, which does not allow you to regenerate the composition of the download or change the used download to a new one. Thirdly, this device has insufficient water contact time with the load due to the equality of the area of the holes at the inlet and outlet of the water. (see BRITA WASSER-SYSTEME GMBH brochure "Water Filtration System, Taunusstein, 1995

 The biggest disadvantage of this device is the inability to condition water, caused by the peculiarity of loading from artificial sorbents - activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, which remove the salt content by 75%. This is good for a boiler, but not for human health. The process of desalination of water using such filters leads to the removal of biologically important trace elements: calcium, magnesium and fluorine, making it cariogenic (Base: Guidelines on Health aspects on Water Desalination, WHO, ETS / 80.4; GOST 2874-82). Therefore, it is not ultrapure (for example, distilled) water that is considered optimal for human health, but water with a balanced salt composition, characterized by limited limits of both the total salt content and the content of the main ions of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, etc.

The closest in technical essence and general features to the proposed is a device in which through the use of natural minerals schungite and dolomite is achieved not only water purification, but also its conditioning. Compared to the source water, the degree of water saturation with calcium, magnesium, and trace elements is significantly increased. The device includes sequentially arranged loading layers for primary treatment of water from crushed schungite with particle sizes of 1-5 mm and for subsequent processing of water from crushed dolomite-containing rocks with a particle size of 1-5 mm (see US Pat. RF N 2056358, class C 02 F 1/18, 1996)
The disadvantages of this device are too high degree of mineralization (more than 10 times), significant size and mass of the load (1.5 - 2 kg), which is associated with large particle sizes (1 - 5 mm) in the loading layers, mixing in one layer particles of different sizes, which does not allow to use their filtering capabilities to the full.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely, the creation of an optimal device for purification and conditioning of water with a small volume of loading of minerals. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device containing the heading, having openings for supplying and discharging water, porous partitions, as well as charges from crushed minerals, for example, schungite, which are placed inside the insert by successive layers in such a way that the charge layers, consisting of for example, shungite with particle sizes from 0.03 mm to 3 mm is made of different thicknesses, and the first layer of them in the direction of movement of water has a thickness and the particle size in it is 3 to 8 times smaller than the thickness and particle size in the second along d izheniya water layer, and the insert consists of a removable cover and a base with holes, the total area of which is 1.5 - 3 times the total area of the holes in the bottom insert. Thus, the first distinguishing feature of the proposed device is the optimal ratio between the thicknesses of the loading layers and the particle sizes in them.

It is known that when there are at least two layers of filter loading, there is no point in making them the same in thickness. The cleaning properties of two layers of even one material are improved if the first layer in the direction of movement of the water is much thinner than the second layer, if the particle sizes in it are changed accordingly. So, ideally spherical particles of the same size when filling are located in the form of hexagonal packing. The configuration of empty spaces (pores) between such ideal balls is rather complicated. If you enter a ball into this space, then the diameters of the ideal and inscribed balls will differ by almost 6 times. In the case of grinding the layered material, which includes schungite, dolomite, zeolite, etc., when dividing the load into layers containing particles of the same size, the diameters of such particles fluctuate in the range of values determined by the size of the sieve cells. In real bulk material, for example, from shungite, the shape of the particles is far from spherical. Therefore, the ratio of the average particle size to the average pore size, as shown by numerous experiments, can be in the range:
L _particles / L _pores = 3 - 8, (1)
If relation (1) is observed, then at the interface between two layers with different particle sizes, pores are formed that are identical to the pores in the layer with smaller particles. If relation (1) is not observed, a layer with a smaller pore size is formed at the interface, which leads to a decrease in filter performance. The same relation (1) takes place between the thicknesses of the first and second layers adjacent to each other along the water. Thus, at the interface between two layers with different particle sizes, the full filling of the surface pores of the second layer with a larger particle size along the water is guaranteed to be achieved at the minimum possible thickness of the first layer with a smaller particle size along the water, if the minimum thickness is from 3 to 8 particle sizes making up this layer.

 The fulfillment of these conditions imposes stringent requirements on the uniformity of particle sizes in the layers and on the thicknesses of the layers themselves. Hence the following distinctive feature of the proposed device - the loading layers made, for example, of schungite, should consist, firstly, of particles whose size varies in the range of values from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. Secondly, these particles in the layers do not mix and each layer contains particles of only one size. Thirdly, the layers make different in thickness, and the first layer of them in the direction of movement of water has a thickness and particle size in it from 3 to 8 times less than the thickness and size of particles in the second layer in the direction of movement of water.

 The duration of the contact time of the incoming water with the load can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the areas of the upper and lower holes of the insert. It is known that the volume of fluid flowing through a section per unit time, that is, the water flow rate depends on the square of the value of this section. Therefore, the contact time of the water with the load substantially depends on the ratio of the cross section of the inlet for water to the cross section of the outlet. If the magnitude of this ratio varies from 1.5 to 3 times, then the time of contacting the water with the load can increase from 2 to 9 times. Hence the following distinctive feature of the proposed device - the insert consists of a removable cover and the base with holes, the total area of which in the cover exceeds the total area of the holes in the base of the insert by 1.5 to 3 times.

 The advantage of this device is, firstly, the reduction in the size of the insert, since the size of one of the layers and the particle size in it can be reduced by 3-8 times compared to the other. Secondly, the collapsible insert allows the consumer to independently regenerate the download or change it to a new one. Moreover, due to the fact that all variants of the proposed device have free access to downloads, then, by acquiring an additional set of downloads from different minerals and particles made in accordance with the specified requirements, and special tables, the consumer can independently choose his own water based on from its composition in a given area and the individual characteristics of its body.

 To confirm the limiting values of the ratios of the areas of the insert holes, thicknesses of the loading layers and particle sizes, experiments were carried out, the results of which are shown in Table 1. It follows from it that the optimal combination of cleaning and conditioning properties is observed in the device, the insert of which is filled with schungite loading with layers, the ratio of the thicknesses of which to the particle sizes in them is 5, and the ratio of the areas of all openings of the lid to the area of all openings of the base of the insert is 2.

 Various embodiments of a device for purifying and conditioning water are shown in FIG. fourteen.

 In FIG. 1 shows the simplest version of the device with a free water drain, which the consumer can implement independently, having an insert, a glass jar and a plastic bottle.

 In FIG. 2 shows a variant of the device with free water flow and using a container in the form of a vessel BRITA (Germany), which has become widespread in many countries.

 In FIG. 3 shows a variant with forced water flow, that is, a possible direct connection to the water main.

 In FIG. 4 shows a variant of the device in which it is possible to infuse water (for example, distilled or boiled) for an unlimited time in order to mineralize it and acquire tangible healing properties.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for purifying and conditioning water using a watering can 1, into which an insert 2 is sealed, having loading layers, for example, of schungite 5 and 6. The thickness and size of particles in layer 6 are 3 to 8 times greater than the thickness and size of particles in layer 5. Insert 2 has water inlet openings 3, the total area of which is 1.5 - 3 times larger than the total area of the outlet openings 4. A single structure, consisting of watering can 1 and insert 2, is freely placed on the lower container 7 (for example, any suitable glass jar).

 The device operates as follows. The purified water comes from the watering can 1 through the openings 3 into the insert 2, a successive row of loading layers 5 and 6 passes, after which the purified and conditioned through the openings 4 enters the container 7 and is ready for use.

 In FIG. 2 shows a device for purifying and conditioning water using a detachable insert. The device consists of a container, the upper part 1 of which is connected to the bottom 7 via an insert 2, consisting of a removable cover 8 with holes 3 and a base with holes 4. Inside the insert there are loads, for example, of schungite, which are located at least two consecutive layers 6 and 5, the second of which 6 along the movement of water has a thickness and particle size in the layer, more than 3 to 8 times the thickness and particle size of the first layer 5.

 The device operates as follows. The purified water enters the upper part of the container 1. Through the holes 3 in the lid 8, the purified water enters the insert 2, a consecutive series of loading layers 5 and 6 passes, after which the purified and conditioned water through the opening 4 of the lower part of the insert enters the lower part of the container 7 and is ready to use.

 In FIG. 3 shows a device for water purification and conditioning, in which the insert 2 consists of a cover 4 containing a hole 9 for draining water, a tube 10, hermetically passing through the cover of the container along its central part to the porous partition 3, on which layers 6 and 5 load, and the thickness of the upper layer 6 and the particle size in it is 3-8 times greater than the thickness of the lower layer 5 and the particle size in it.

 On top of the tube 10 is connected to the water supply channel.

 The device operates as follows. Through the water supply channel 10, which may be a water supply pipe or a reservoir of water requiring cleaning and conditioning, water enters under the porous partition 3, passing through which, the water contacts the loading layers 5, 6, after which the purified and conditioned accumulates in the upper part insert 2 and merges through the hole 9 in the cover 4.

 In FIG. 4 shows a device for cleaning and conditioning water, in which the role of the insert is played by a ceramic container in the form of a household jug. The device consists of a jug 2, an outlet for water 9, a partition 4 separating the space 7 with purified water at the bottom of the jug 2 from the load. On top of the permeable septum 4 placed layers 5 and 6 of the load of crushed minerals. The water outlet 9 is hermetically connected to the space with purified and conditioned water 7. Another embodiment of the device is such that the porous septum closes only the entrance to the lower part of the tube 7.

 The device operates as follows. The purified water is poured into the jug, and as soon as its level is higher than the hole 9, the water, having passed through the loading layers 5, 6 and the porous partition 4, will come from the space 7 through the tube 9 into the glass 11 to collect the finished water.

Claims (4)

 1. A device for water purification and conditioning, containing an insert with holes for supplying and draining water and sequentially placed layers of crushed mineral placed inside the insert, characterized in that the layers are made of schungite or dolomite of different thicknesses and particle sizes from 0.03 to 3 mm moreover, the first layer in the direction of movement of water has a thickness and particle sizes in it from 3 to 8 times less than the thickness and size of particles in it in the second layer in the direction of movement of water.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert comprises a removable cover and a base with holes, the total area of which in the cover exceeds the total area of holes in the base of the insert by 1.5 - 2.0 times.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert is provided with a sealed cover, in the central part of which a tube is installed, the upper end of which is connected to the channel for supplying purified water, and the lower end - with a porous partition placed in the insert on which the loading layers are located .  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert is made in the form of a jug having a water outlet in the upper part, a porous partition on which the loading layers are located, and a tube, the lower part of which is placed in the space under the partition, and the upper attached to the edges of the water outlet.

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