RU2133482C1 - Transponder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: object identification systems. SUBSTANCE: transponder for detecting and identifying object includes solid-state retransmitter 12 having antenna-feeder unit 4 connected with receiving-transmitting antenna 3. Input and output of unit 4 through inlet and outlet radio-signal converters 5,6 respectively are connected with coding device 16. Solid-state retransmitter is based upon branched delay line on surface acoustic waves provided with systems of inlet and outlet opposite-plug converters 13,14 arranged on surface of sound guide by parallel groups shifted one relative to another in predetermined order. All terminals of said converters are connected directly with antenna 3 through unit 4. Metallized conductors of outlet converter group being the nearest to inlet converters 13 are connected with recoding device on bifilar electric connection line 16 with non-energized contacts switched by means of outer control apparatuses. EFFECT: enhanced strength against electromagnetic and other irradiation, increased integration degree of coding-recoding processes in one solid-state apparatus. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention is intended to provide the search and identification of coordinate points on the product, on the ground or in space.

 The invention relates to the field of transport, and can also be used in agriculture, in land use, in navigation, in topography, in geodesy, in machine tools, in space rescue systems and other fields.

 Known transponder systems TIRIS firms Texas Instruments (USA) and Dallas Semiconductor (USA) [Dallas Semiconductor / Dealer in Moscow - the company "Athos Ltd." tel / fax (095) 198-5500; hffp // www dalsemi.com; Email atac @ atac. msk. ru // Metal electronic identifiers in limited access systems], based on radio communication (transceiver and antenna-feeder systems) between the reading unit (base unit) and the transponder (transponder) without DC power supplies for the first manufacturer and a single-wire serial interface contact type for the second manufacturer, respectively.

 The system of transponders based on semiconductor large integrated circuits (LSI) based on CMOS technology is widely used in the world for "Security" purposes and for banking ("ATMs").

Such systems do not provide for radiation resistance (RS), which is one of the important consumer properties for facilities with increased nuclear hazard, including storage of radioactive materials. The Texas Insturments TIRIS (TEXZAS INSTRUMENT REGISTRATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS) system cited above demonstrates a wide class of capabilities from individual input cards to ampoule and disk transponders. However, the use of CMOS basic technologies (complementary metal oxide semiconductor ") allows us to state the limitations of such systems for the implementation of the tasks. The main element of the base unit of the" TIRIS "system is Motorola's MC14553B chip, which is three binary-decimal counters ka (BCD), switched on the trailing edge of the clock signal. The MC14553V microcircuit contains transistor structures of CMOS technology and is compatible with other devices in TTL levels. The transponder chip is also based on CMOS technology to ensure minimum power consumption during operation. exposure dose of gamma-rays for a number of CMOS transistor structures may change several basic processes main criterion parameter - the threshold voltage V _th, the process including "supervos tanovlenii ", which can further disrupt the amplitude and temporal characteristics (for controllability and speed inputs) chips.

 Known transponders for detecting and identifying an object in the TEMIC system of the American company "TEMIC Semiconductor" [High-frequency identification system // Electronics News. - 1996. - N 2]. The TEMIC high-frequency radio identification system is the best complete set of complete electronic components available on the market today for the comprehensive solution of security tasks, protection against theft and access control.

 Three versions of the TEMIC transponder are known, with more than 100 million combinations in the identification code for each type. The system itself consists of a base unit (BB) and a transponder (TP): a BB with a first antenna-feeder connected to the first transceiver antenna, the input of which is connected to the transmitter output, and the output to one of the receiver inputs, a frequency generator connected to one of conclusions to one of the inputs of the transmitter, and a common power source for functional units, a transponder with an antenna-feeder connected to the second transceiver antenna, the output and input of which is connected through the input and output devices, respectively s with a large integrated circuit (LSI) transponder.

 The U2270B circuit is intended for use in the BB and is compatible with all types of transponder: with "hard-wired" information; reprogrammable and encapsulated in a radiolucent sheath with an antenna together.

 The TK5530 transponder crystal is programmed in a mask way at the factory with an information capacity of 32, 64, 96 or 128 bits, as well as the data transfer rate and the type of modulation. A transponder with similar encoding parameters TK5550 provides the user with the ability to repeatedly reprogram the code sequence for easy adaptation to special user applications.

 The LSI of the reprogrammable TP TK5560 provides reliability an order of magnitude higher than previous additional data protection using the built-in encryption algorithm for the private key code, programming access code and variable-length code tables.

 Another option for the transponder is also the TK5530GT mask transponder - a glass capsule with an antenna system and a crystal (12x3 mm) assembled on a substrate, ready to be fixed on the object (up to stitching under the skin).

 Non-contact reading at a distance of 2.5 to 5 m makes the TEMIC identification system ideal for a wide range of applications, from security and access control systems in rooms to non-contact locking systems for cars.

 Closest to the invention under consideration is a transponder company "TEMIC SC".

 In FIG. 1 shows a TEMIC transponder device.

 The transponder (2) receives a radio signal emitted by the base unit (1), which through an antenna-feeder element (4) connected to a transceiver antenna (3), whose input and output are connected via radio input (5) and output (6) to the coding (7) and a converting (8) radio frequency device, with a transcoding device (9), and the output of the latter is connected to the discharge devices (10) of the converting device (8). A radio signal at a frequency of F1 for half the duration of the polling cycle reports energy to the storage device (11), after which the encoding device (7) is activated, where an identification code is formed in such a way that the signals corresponding to the level of a logical unit ("1") are input the converter (6) at the frequency F1, and the signals corresponding to the level of logical zero ("0") are fed to the input of the converter (6) at the frequency F2. Signals "0" are filtered out by the converter (6) and do not enter the antenna (3).

 If necessary, transcoding uses an additional transcoder to the BB, which generates currents in the transcoding device (9) of the transponder that are increased in comparison with the amplitude reading cycle. The latter, acting on the bit devices (10), conversion devices (7), change the recorded binary bitwise code.

This device, although it allows you to detect and identify an object, its scope is limited:
1) relatively high sensitivity to external electromagnetic interference;
2) low resistance to hard types of radiation, for example, x-ray.

 The first circumstance is connected with the duration of the interrogation cycle in units of seconds and the presence of high-frequency radio engineering devices (filters) in the transponder, and the second - with the use of a semiconductor LSI as the main element of the transponder. The latter circumstance along with the possibility of reprogramming simultaneously leads to the maximum cost of the transponder in all identification systems.

 The problem to which this invention is directed is to increase the electromagnetic and radiation resistance and the integration of coding and transcoding processes in one solid-state device.

 The technical result is the reprogramming of fixed identifying information in real time in a moving or stationary object and reducing the time it takes to access the transponder.

 This result is achieved by the fact that in the known transponder (Fig. 2) (2) containing a solid-state repeater (12) with an antenna-feeder body (4) connected to a transceiver antenna (3), the output and input of which, respectively, through the input (5) and the output (6) radio signal converters are connected to a radio frequency coding (16) device, the solid-state repeater (12) is made on the basis of a multi-tap delay line (MLD) on surface acoustic waves (SAWs), with input (13) and output (14) counter systems pin converters (IDT) located on the surface of the sound duct in parallel groups with displacement relative to each other in a given order, all the terminals of which are connected to the antenna (3) directly through the antenna-feeder organ (4), and the metallized conductors are closest (Fig. 3) to the output to the interdigital transducers (13), the groups of the output interdigital transducers (15) are connected to a transcoding device made on the basis of two-wire electric communication lines (16) and attached to them as a load of non-powered ("dry their ") contacts (22), which are switched when external destabilizing factors reach critical values.

 For the same purposes of real-time reprogramming of the transponder (Fig. 4), the metallized conductors of the group of output interdigital converters closest to the input interdigital transducers (15) are connected to an encoder based on two-wire electrical communication lines (16) and connected to him as a load of unpowered ("dry") electrical contacts (22) with resistances connected in parallel (21), matched with the wave impedances of these lines, and metallized These conductors closest to the input interdigital transducers of the group of output interdigital transducers (16) are connected alternately with the conductors of the primary windings (18) of the small-sized coaxial high-frequency transformers (19) matched in wave impedance to the wave impedance of the strip two-wire line (22), formed by the conductors of the interdigital converters, the second end of the primary winding of each such transformer is connected to the external circuit resistance contacts of sensors of external critical parameters.

 To expand the possibilities of using transponders (Fig. 2) (2) based on the multi-tap delay line for surface acoustic waves discussed above, a transponder is proposed, characterized in that the common serial interface bus (Fig. 4) (20) is connected to the input counter a pin converter (13) of the second delay line (24) to the SAW, and the outputs of the output interdigital converter (14) of the second delay line (24) are connected to the second antenna of the transponder (23).

 It is advisable to perform a transponder based on a multi-tap delay line for surface acoustic waves so that the first (12) and second (24) delay lines are made on a common sound duct as part of a hybrid functional module.

 The possibility of implementing the proposed method is confirmed by the fact that, firstly, to implement the proposed method, it is possible to use widely used circuitry developments and the available elemental base [see, for example, “TEMIC High-Frequency Identification System” / ELECTRONICS NEWS // M: Special Electronics, 1996 . - N 2; "Mobile 64-bit electronic keys in the form of a metal tablet placed on a keychain" / M .: INCORMEDIA OJSC, 1997. - No. 1], secondly, for the implementation of the claimed method, the authors propose a transponder with a special multi-tap delay line on the surface acoustic waves (SAW) for the system of automatic remote detection and identification of an object.

 The exclusion from the transponder of the system for detecting and identifying an object of a number of structural elements and the inclusion of additional structural elements and new connections can significantly increase the electromagnetic and radiation resistance of the transponder.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a known transponder of an object detection and identification system; in FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the inventive transponder of a system for detecting and identifying an object; in FIG. 3 shows the topology of the inventive transponder with a transcoding device from external sensors; in FIG. 4 shows the topology of the inventive transponder with a transcoding device on transformers.

 Notes: 1. In all figures, devices with the same functional purpose are indicated by the same positions.

 The proposed transponder (Fig. 2) consists of a solid-state repeater (12), made on the basis of a multi-tap delay line on surface acoustic waves, with input (13) and output (14) systems of interdigital transducers located on the surface of the sound duct in parallel groups with an offset relative to each other in a given order, all the conclusions of which are connected to the antenna (3) directly through the antenna-feeder organ (4), and the metallized conductors are closest to the input interdigital converter pits (13) of the group of output interdigital converters (15) are connected to a transcoding device made on the basis of two-wire electric communication lines (16) and attached to them as a load of unpowered (“dry”) contacts (22), which are switched when external destabilizing factors of critical values.

 The second implementation of the transponder (2) based on a multi-tap delay line (12) on surface acoustic waves with information conversion is different in that the metallized conductors of the group of output interdigital converters (15) closest to the input interdigital transducers (15) are connected alternately to the transcoding device on based on two-wire electrical communication lines (16) and electrical contacts (22) connected to them as a load of non-powered ("dry") contacts with parallel to resistances (21), consistent with the wave impedances of these lines, and between the elements of this group of IDT (16) and a two-wire electrical communication line (16), primary windings (18) of small-sized coaxial high-frequency transformers (19) are included, the input ends of which are connected to the elements of the group IDT (15), and the output ends are connected to the signal inputs of two-wire lines (16), and the secondary winding of these transformers is connected at one end to the inner surface of the housing of coaxial pulse transformers, and the other end of the serial interface is connected to a common bus (20).

 The third implementation of transponders (2) based on a multi-tap delay line for surface acoustic waves discussed above is characterized in that the serial interface bus (20) is connected to the input interdigital transducer (13) of the second delay line (24), additionally formed on the surface a common piezoelectric sound duct, and the outputs of its output interdigital transducer (14) are connected to the second transponder antenna (23).

 In general, it is expedient to perform transponder (2) based on a multi-tap delay line for surface acoustic waves so that the first (12) and second (24) acoustic delay lines are made on a common piezoelectric sound duct as part of a hybrid functional module.

 The proposed transponder operates as follows.

 The initial state.

 In the initial state, the repeater (2) is in standby mode. In this case, the repeater (2) is placed in advance at a point in space, the coordinates of which are subject to control.

 Detection and identification of an object.

 When it becomes necessary to detect and identify an object, the base unit (1) generates a short sounding radio pulse of a given frequency. This radiation induces in the second transceiver antenna (3) alternating currents of the radio frequency, which through the second antenna-feeder body (4) excite an electrical signal in the input interdigital transducer (13), which, after being converted into an acoustic signal (17) of the same frequency, a multi-tap dispersive piezoelectric delay line (12) having "n" separate taps located at the same distance from each other. The time delay at the first tap is usually 2 ... 3 times the duration of the polling signal. This is due to the presence of multiple reflections of the interrogating pulse from objects located in the vicinity. After converting the received signal, the input interdigital transducer (13) excites an acoustic wave (17) in the multi-tap delay line (12), which, in turn, excites a radio-frequency response in each of the taps (14) along the surface of the piezoelectric sound duct. Since all output interdigital transducers (14) are connected in parallel, the generated radio pulse responses are sequentially transmitted via the antenna-feeder body (4) and the transceiver antenna (3) to the air and to the base unit 91).

 To increase the information capacity, the area of the piezoelectric sound duct is divided into a number of parallel zones, in each of which, with one common input interdigital transducer (13), groups of their output interdigital transducers (14) are formed located on the surface of the sound duct with a shift, which avoids from mutual influence on each other. The first group of output converters (15) is located with a minimum shift, which ensures the minimum time delay of re-emitted signals and the maximum amplitude of these signals.

 The conclusions of this group (15) of interdigital converters are connected one by one to a conversion device consisting of two-wire electrical communication lines (16) with non-powered ("dry") contacts of control devices connected as a load. A change in the state of these contacts leads to a change in the amplitude of the output signal generated by this converter, which is recorded as a change in the logical "0" and "1".

 The conclusions of the group (15) of interdigital converters used for conversion, instead of two-wire lines (16), can be connected to the primary windings (18) of coaxial high-frequency transformers (19), the output ends of which are connected, in turn, to two-wire lines loaded resistance (21) equal to the wave impedances of these lines. At the same time, executive contacts of control devices are connected to them. Sensors of critical parameters of destabilizing external influences are used as control devices. Secondary inductive windings of coaxial high-frequency transformers (19) are loaded on common input interdigital converters (13) of the second additional delay line (24) with one output interdigital transformer (14). If there is a conductive electric circuit in the respective primary windings (18) of the coaxial high-frequency transformers (19), the discharge current of the IDT group (15) flowing through them generates voltage pulses in the common interface bus (20) with a time offset corresponding to the position of the corresponding IDT discharge in the group converters (15). Acting on the input IDT (13) of an additional delay line on the SAW (24), they excite pulses of acoustic signals (17), which, when supplied to the output IDT (14) of this line, are again converted into electrical signals and re-emitted into an additional antenna (23). Thus, the base unit (1) registers at the beginning the codes for changing the states of critical sensors, and then the identification code.

 The main (coding) MLA on the surfactant (12) of the transponder (2) can be performed in conjunction with additional (24) on the surface area of one piezoelectric sound duct or separately with it. In the first case, execution in the form of a hybrid functional module (GFM) is possible.

A multi-tap delay line (12) containing "n" output taps provides 2 ⁿ different combinations. Moreover, depending on the location of the output interdigital transducer (14), the response radio pulse may have an initial oscillation phase of 0 deg. or 180 degrees. Taking into account that the number of output interdigital transducers (14) can be arbitrarily specified, and each output radio pulse can be given a symbol, for example, a logical unit for the initial phase of 0 deg. or logical zero - for 180 degrees, then the signals taken from the output interdigital transducers (14) will be a binary code, rigidly defined by the configuration of the topology of the sound duct and belonging to a fixed set of connected or mutually located on the surface of the elements. That is, each of these sets is actually a transponder having its own individual binary code. This mode of operation corresponds to phase modulation of the oscillations. In addition, the detection of output radio pulses allows you to convert the latter into video pulses, which work with the amplitude modulation of the oscillations. In accordance with the foregoing, the repeater (2) can be excited by a radio pulse and generate output signals modulated both in phase and in amplitude. The "senior" information bits of the information word carry information about the state of the sensors of critical quantities.

Using the invention allows:
1. To provide quick and convenient search and identification of various objects: vehicles in rail and road transport, boundary marks, as well as individual animals in the herd in agriculture, individual vessels or lighthouses in maritime navigation, etc. if possible, a simple conversion of part of the information "word" by external mechanical devices.

 2. To ensure the identification of objects in harsh conditions of exposure to electromagnetic interference and ionizing radiation.

 3. To ensure high reliability of the system for finding and identifying coordinate points under conditions of active negative impact on the system of atmospheric precipitation, climatic changes in the environment, as well as industrial pollution by using the most reliable communication channel - a radio channel.

 4. Ensure the small size of the system due to the compactness of the equipment used.

 5. Ensure a long system life due to the use of a passive request-response circuit in the repeater and low power consumption of the system.

 6. To ensure relative simplicity and manufacturability and, as a consequence, low cost of equipment.

Claims (4)

 1. A transponder for detecting and identifying an object, comprising a solid-state repeater, a transceiver antenna, an antenna feeder, an input and output transducers of radio signals, an encoding radio frequency device, a transducer with shapers of logic levels, a transcoding device, characterized in that the solid-state repeater is made on basis of a multi-tap delay line for surface acoustic waves, with systems of input and output interdigital transducers, ra located on the surface of the sound duct in parallel groups with a displacement relative to each other in a given order, all the terminals of which are connected to the antenna directly through the antenna-feeder organ, and metallized / conductors closest to the input interdigital transducers of the group of output interdigital transducers are connected by a two-wire electric line with non-powered electrical contacts that are switched by external control devices.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallized conductors closest to the input interdigital transducers of the group of output interdigital transducers are connected alternately with the primary conductors of the small coaxial high-frequency transformers matched in wave impedance to the wave impedance of the strip line formed conductors of interdigital converters, the second end of the primary winding of each such transformer is connected to agree it resistor connected in parallel with the un-powered contacts external control devices, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected at one end to the inner surface of the housing coaxial high-frequency transformers, and the other end connected to the common serial bus.  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interface bus is connected to the input interdigital converter of the second delay line, and the outputs of the output interdigital converter of this line are connected to the second additional antenna of the transponder.  4. The device according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the first and second acoustic delay lines are made on a common sound duct as part of a hybrid functional module.

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