RU2127046C1 - Method and net-type trap for fishing in rivers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: commercial fishery. SUBSTANCE: method involves folding net-type trap, provided with devices for attaching it on river bottom and closing and opening of trap inlet, into band/tape prior to positioning it on river bottom; attaching it to river bottom, unwinding and laying onto ground, with trap inlet and body being drawn downstream of river flow; closing trap inlet prior to lifting yield; lifting trap in folded state, i.e. in the form of band/tape. Trap has wing, devices for attaching trap to river bottom and trap inlet opening device formed as set including at least three spacer rods connected by single pivot joint. Trap inlet opening device is positioned for opening in fanlike manner and rotation in perpendicular or inclined direction relative to trap longitudinal axis. Top part of central rod is equipped with float. Apexes of spacer rods are connected to upper seine rope of trap mouth. Seine rope has tension rings. Cable is directed through tension rings. EFFECT: increased efficiency by reduced hydrodynamic resistance, increased sizes of attached trap and simplified lifting of yield. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to industrial fishing, and in particular to fishing by traps such as ventera and small fish, and is intended for use on rivers with a fast current, as well as at great depths.

 Fishing on rivers with a fast current is complicated by significant hydrodynamic resistance caused by the pressure of the water flow on the fishing gear. As a result, one has to confine oneself to the small size of traps, or to use very bulky and expensive structures using piles or even a pile bush - crib. These features of fishing in fast flowing rivers make fishing time-consuming and not efficient enough.

 Closest to the claimed method of fishing is used for almost sixty years, the method of fishing smelt on the Neva River. The method consists in the fact that to a small extent, in which the diameter of the first hoop is usually less than one meter, in assembled form, they are installed on the “backbones” - ropes laid along the bottom across the river with great slack. The ends of the overtone are fixed on the banks. Up to 20 steps are attached to each pereton, and the ties are tied to the pereton at the end of the cut. The flow of water orientates the measure along the stream and thus the entrance of the measure is directed towards the smelt that goes to spawn. Fishermen in boats move along the overhead lifted to the surface, and alternately process the gauges (Tyurin V.V. Smelt fishing technique on the Neva River. Izvestia VNIORKH, vol. XXII.- L .: Pishchepromizdat, 1939, pp. 88-90; Titenkov I C. More smelt of Leningrad. - M.-L.: Pishchepromizdat, 1941, p. 17-19).

 The disadvantage of this method is the installation and lifting of fully-mounted hoops in the molten (open) state. As a result of this, it is practically impossible to increase the size of the measure, since the sharply increasing hydrodynamic resistance makes the work of setting and raising the measure extremely difficult or simply impossible at high speeds of water flow. And, if due to the large number of simultaneously established measures, it is possible to increase the front of fish capture, then the small height reduces the fishing efficiency, since all fish going slightly higher from the bottom of the river are excluded from the catch. The low productivity of a fishing gear unit and the laboriousness of processing a large number of these gears do not contribute to the effectiveness of fishing.

 Highly effective stationary fishing gears are known, the dimensions of which can be very significant. These are venteria and measures, the net part of which is mounted on a system of hoops - cathels or rigid frames. The use of large tools of this type, that is, mounted on rigid spacer structures, on rivers with a fast flow is extremely difficult, and mostly just impossible, because of the great hydrodynamic resistance that they show to the pressure of the water flow.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the present invention, the device is endless vent, called a trap. Such a venter is a net box in the form of a parallelepiped with a net bottom and a lid. Kutok perform in the form of a network pyramid. Inside the venter there are two pairs of throats - the “adoption”, of which the first is two to three times larger than the second. To increase the catch, the venter is equipped with a net system, the main part of which is a net wall, called a wing. One of the decisive working conditions of such a trap, like any venter, is a good stretching of the entire system (Voynikanis-Mirsky V.N. Industrial fishing technique, part II, Tools and methods of industrial fishing. - M.: Food industry, 1969, p. 290-296).

 The disadvantage of such a net trap is the difficulty of setting up on rivers with a fast flow and its stretching, requiring the use of a system of stakes driven into the ground or a system of anchors and extension ropes, or both.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the operating conditions of fishing gear when operating at high speeds and increase the efficiency of fishing.

 This is achieved by using an enlarged mesh trap equipped with fastening means at the bottom of the river and opening the entrance, which is folded and pulled out before setting in the form of a bundle or tape, then the bottom fastening of the cut is carried out, the entire tourniquet is swept out, and after laying on the bottom the traps are opened and the trap is stretched along the stream, and before the catch is raised, the entrance of the trap is closed and the trap is lifted folded in the form of a bundle or tape.

 To implement this method, the net trap, which contains fastening means on the bottom and the wing, has a folding device for opening and closing the entrance, made of a bunch of spacer rods, at least three in number, which are connected by their bases in a common hinge unit with the possibility of fan-shaped opening and rotation perpendicular or inclined to the longitudinal axis of the trap. The tops of these rods are connected to the landing rope of the mouth of the trap - rebounds. The upper selection is equipped with coupling rings through which the coupling rope is passed. The upper part of the central rod is equipped with a melt. In addition, the top of the central rod is connected to the sheer vein of the wing, at the bottom of which there is a load. The extreme rods at their outer ends are equipped with a load and / or hydrodynamic spacer shields. A folding hydrodynamic shield of flexible material, such as textile, is fixed in the central part of the upper selection.

 Immersion and lifting of the trap in the folded state allows the use of larger fishing gears with a relative decrease in hydrodynamic resistance during setting and lifting. The use of a folding device for opening the entrance provides the convenience of stretching the trap after setting and folding into a bundle or tape before lifting and subsequent setting.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a trap in the course of the sowing process, from the side a general view.

 In FIG. 2 - device for opening / closing the entrance of the trap, view from the entrance.

 The mesh trap 1 with wing 2, fastening means on the bottom 3 has a folding device for opening / closing the entrance, consisting of a bunch of spacer rods: central 4, extreme 5 and additional intermediate 6. Spacer rods 4, 5, 6 are connected by their bases in a common hinge node 7 with the possibility of fan-shaped opening and rotation perpendicular or inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the trap 1. The tops of the spacer rods 4, 5, 6 are connected to the upper selection 8 of the mouth of the trap 1. The upper selection 8 is equipped with coupling rings 9, through which The tie rod 10 is passed through, passing into the lead 11, equipped with a buoy 12. The upper part of the central rod 4 is provided with a melt 13. In the central part of the upper selection 8 there is a folding hydrodynamic shield 14 made of flexible material, for example, textile. The top of the central rod 4 is connected to the sheer vein 15 of the wing 2. The bottom end of the vein 15 is equipped with a load 16. The extreme rods 5 are equipped with additional weights and / or hydrodynamic spacers 17. The trap line 1 with a bottom attachment 3 is connected to the overthrust laid along the bottom across the river 18. An anchor may serve as a bottom support 18. The wing 2 is equipped with a float 19 and a load 20. Work is carried out from the watercraft 21a and 21b using an auxiliary rope 22 and a lead 11. A lead 23 with an auxiliary buoy (not shown) is attached to the lower selection of the wing 2.

 The method of fishing according to the invention is as follows.

 Before setting, the trap with the wing is folded in the form of a bundle of delhi or tape. Using a rope 22, the overtone or anchor 18 is lifted to the boats 21 to the overtone 18 (or anchor) by means of 3, a trap 1 is attached. a device for opening / closing the entrance of the trap 1 (Fig. 2). After the trap lies on the ground, the lead 11 is ejected from the watercraft 21, thereby releasing the tie rod 10. At the same time, the spacer rods 5, 6 are released and, under the action of their own weight, as well as additional loads and / or hydraulic spacer plates 17, the rods 5 and 6 fan-shapedly rotate in the hinge unit 7 and the extreme rods 5 lie on the ground, stretching the bottom selection of the trap 1. Pozhilina 15 pulls at the top of the central rod 4 with its weight 16, contributing to its inclination with the flow relative to the longitudinal axis of the trap. Spacer rods 4, 5 and 6, completely freed from the tie ropes 10, create a trap for the entry of the trap and, due to a certain inclination of the central rod and the intermediate rods 6, form a square. Simultaneously with the opening of the trap inlet, a folding hydraulic flap 14 is straightened out. The entire trap is pulled along the current along the streamer line 2. At the same time, the adoption of a trap (not shown) is also stretched. The longitudinal pressure of the water flow on the opened folding hydraulic flap 14, the net part, especially the upper selection of the trap 1 and wing 2, helps to stretch the trap along the flow and straighten the adoption.

 After a certain time of fish accumulation, the trap located at the bottom is closed. To do this, on a boat 21b, they approach the buoy 12, pull the lead 11 and the coupling rope 10 connected to it, which, sliding in the rings 9, pulls the rods 4, 5, 6 into the bundle. The trap inlet is closed, and the net part of the trap extends into tape or harness. Then the trap is raised to the surface, the catch is poured, after which the entire cycle of action is repeated.

Distinctive features of the prototype signs of the method of fishing on rivers are:
- folding the trap into a tourniquet / tape before setting;
- bottom mount of a piece with a trap folded into a bundle / tape;
- swept the net part of the trap in the form of a tow / tape;
- opening the entrance to the trap after laying it on the bottom of the river;
- closing the mouth of the trap before raising the catch;
- raising a trap folded into a harness / tape.

 With this method of fishing, it is possible to use traps of increased size, and most importantly, increased vertical opening, which allows to increase the productivity of fishing also by capturing fish that do not go directly to the bottom. And at the same time, setting and raising a trap folded into a harness / tape allows, with significantly increased fishing gear dimensions, to achieve a relative decrease in hydrodynamic resistance and make it feasible to use large traps on fast-flowing rivers characteristic of northwestern Russia (rivers Neva, Volkhov, Pechora) and many Siberian rivers, rich in valuable migratory fish.

The main distinguishing features of the device traps from the prototype are:
- the implementation of the device for opening / closing the entrance of the trap folding, consisting of a bunch of spacer rods, a number of at least three;
- connection of the spacer rods with their bases in a common hinge unit with the possibility of fan-shaped opening and rotation relative to the longitudinal axis of the trap;
- equipping the central core with a melt;
- the connection of the spacer rods with the upper selection of the trap, equipped with rings through which the coupling rope passes.

Additional differences are:
- connection of the top of the central rod with a sheer old wing, having a load at the bottom end;
- equipping the central part of the upper selection with a folding hydrodynamic shield made of flexible material;
- equipping the tops of the extreme rods with additional weights and / or hydrodynamic spacers.

 The combination of all the features of the device provides the implementation of the proposed fishing method.

 It should be noted the fundamental importance of the proposed method, since the present description offers only one of the possible design options for the device to implement the method. The inventive method can be carried out by other devices that can constitute objects of independent inventions.

 The invention can also find application in bodies of water with a calm course at great depths, when due to considerable depths the problems of setting and stretching traps are also quite complex, the invention is also applicable to ice fishing.

 An example embodiment of the invention.

 The net trap for working on the Neva River during the smelt season is characterized by the following.

 In the open and extended working state, the trap has the form of a pyramid, oriented downstream, with one adonchik. Cut traps and mirror adoption. The length of the net portion of trap 1 in landing 10 m, vertical opening 2.5 m, horizontal - 5 m. Wing 2 6 m long and 2.5 m high. Adopt (not shown) with its large base is planted on the transverse vein of the trap at a distance of 6 m from gaityan. The edges of the smaller base are attached to the longitudinal veins of guy rods from a mesh net with a diameter of 3.1 m. The net part of the trap, adolescence and wing is made of nylon 93 - 93.5 tex x 3, with a mesh pitch of 12 mm, rebounds 8, the trap 1 and the vein 15 wings 2 are made of rope with a diameter of 6 mm. The coupling rope 10 and leads 11, 23 and the bottom fastening element 3 are made of kapron rope with a circumference of 30 mm. The length of the rope is 3 - 2 m. The upper selection of wing 2 is made of a floating cord, which plays the role of melt 19, the lower selection is of a weighted cord, which plays the role of cargo 20.

The device for opening / closing the trap inlet consists of five spacer rods made of steel pipes 2.8 m long, the diameter of the central rod 4 is 18.5 mm, the extreme rods 5 and the intermediate rods 6 are 12.5 mm. The hinge unit 7 is made in the form of an axis of a steel pin with a diameter of 20 and a length of 10 mm The inclination of the spacer rods 4, 5 and 6 to the axis of the hinge 7 less than 60 ^o . The melt 13 is a foam ball with a lifting force of 20 N. The load 16 for the core 15 and the loads 17 at the ends of the rods 5 are made of used chain links weighing 50 and 10 N, respectively. Coupling rings 9 are made of a steel bar with a diameter of 6 mm. The hydrodynamic shield 14 is made of the fabric of a used cargo parachute, has an area of 1 m ² , is attached to the upper selection 8 in its central part. The central rod 4 along the entire length is connected to the wing 2, the extreme rods 5 along the entire length are connected to the bottom selection of the trap 1. The weight of the net part of the trap with a device for opening / opening its entrance in air is 500 N, in water - 200 N.

 Work on the implementation of the invention is as follows.

 On a selected stretch of river from one bank to another, a cargo and working rope of the Hercules type — pereton 18 — are laid along the bottom of the river with a large slack. Using a rope 22 with an anchor “cat” at the end, a pereton is passed between the rolls installed on the stern. Boats 21a and 21b are adjacent along the course. Moving along the overtone, on the boat 21a they approach the place of installation of the trap 1, with the help of a rope 3 fasten a cut to the overtone 18. Pulling the tie rod 10 by the lead 11, close the entrance of the trap, and lower the trap in the form of a bundle overboard. The device for opening / closing the mouth of the trap along with the wing 2 is transferred to the boat 21b, and this boat is untied. The boat 21a moves along the overtone to the attachment point of the next trap, and from the boat 21b the knot for opening / closing the trap is lowered, picking up the tie rope 10 and then the lead 11. At the same time, wing 2 with lead 23 is thrown overboard with an auxiliary buoy at its end (not shown). Wing 2 straightens due to the flow. After the place of attachment of the cut to the overtone and the opening / closing unit are on the ground, the lead 11 continues to be bled, thereby allowing the entrance to the trap to open. The Central rod 4 due to the melt 13 rises, and the load 16 pulls the vein 15 and creates a slope of it, preventing the tipping of the square by the pressure of the water flow. In this case, the tightening rope 10 releases the extreme rods 5, which, under the influence of their mass and weights 17, rotate in the hinge unit 7 and lie on the ground, while simultaneously facilitating the rotation of the intermediate rods 6. The trap inlet is opened. The weakened streamer 11 is left on buoy 12 and, if necessary, a streamer 23 is pulled from the boat 21b, stretching the wing. The pressure of the water flow on the straightened folding dynamic flap 14, the net part of the trap 1, in particular on its upper selection 8 and wing 2 ensures the stretching of all elements of the trap. After installing the first trap, the boat 21b approaches the boat 21a, the wing 2 and the opening / closing unit of the second trap are passed to it, and the next trap is set in the above order.

 After the accumulation time, the fish approach the buoy 12, pull the lead 11, which carries the coupling rope 10, closing the entrance to the trap. At the same time, the hydrodynamic shield 14 is folded up. The trap, drawn into a bundle / tape, is lifted aboard the boat along with the catch, untied, and the catch is poured. After the closure, the steps for installing the trap are repeated.

 Due to the fact that the trap is installed and raised in the form of a bundle / tape, in the example embodiment of the invention it is possible to significantly increase the size of the trap without causing a proportional increase in hydrodynamic loads. In the given example, the entrance area of the trap is increased by almost 10 times compared with the traps used in the prototype method, and what is especially important, as noted above, the vertical opening is increased several times, and the hydrodynamic resistance of the described structure the same as the traps in the prototype method. Quantitative calculations of the hydrodynamic resistance of a trap in the water column in the form of a bundle of the same trap in a fully opened and extended state and traps in the prototype method, made according to well-known relationships (see, for example, Fridman A.L., Rosenstein M.M. Problem collection and exercises in the theory and design of industrial fishing tools. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987, pp. 4-14 and 235-247), gave the following results. At a water flow velocity of 1.5 m / s, the hydrodynamic resistance of the trap described in the example in the tow is 720 and in the expanded and stretched state 4300 N; traps in the prototype method - 750 N. It should be noted that in the prototype method, due to the small size of the traps, they are placed on the ground near each other. This leads to the fact that when boarding a boat one trap for casting the catch, the next traps are lifted by the overtone. When traps are mounted at a distance of 2 m from each other with a river depth of 10 m, when setting and raising one trap, another 5 ... 8 traps are located on both sides of the water being raised in the water column and their total hydrodynamic resistance at the same flow rate will be 3750. .. 6000 N. When using the invention due to the large horizontal opening of the traps, the distance between adjacent traps along the overtone is commensurate with the depth of the rivers in the overwhelming number of fishing areas. As a result, raising a trap does not lead to a rise in neighboring ones.

 The advantages of the invention should also include the possibility of rapid rearrangement of traps from site to site of the river, depending on the places of fish, changing in each case.

Claims (5)

 1. The method of fishing on rivers, including the installation of a net trap equipped with means of attachment at the bottom of the river and opening the entrance of the trap, characterized in that the trap is folded into a harness / tape before setting, a bottom fastening of the piece is made, then after trapping, the trap is opened and the trap is opened stretch along the stream, and before raising the catch, the entrance of the trap is closed and then the trap is raised when folded into a bundle / tape.  2. A net trap for fishing on rivers, containing a wing, means of attachment at the bottom and a device for opening the entrance to the trap, characterized in that the device for opening the entrance to the trap is folding from a bunch of spacer rods in an amount of at least three, the base of the rods are connected in common hinged node with the possibility of fan-shaped opening and rotation perpendicular or inclined to the longitudinal axis of the trap, the tops of the rods are connected to the upper selection of the mouth of the trap, the upper selection is equipped with coupling rings through which the coupling rope has been dismantled, and the upper part of the central rod is equipped with a melt.  3. The trap according to claim 2, characterized in that the top of the central rod is connected to the sheer vein of the wing, and the bottom end of this vein is equipped with a load.  4. The trap according to claim 2, characterized in that the central part of the upper selection is equipped with a folding hydrodynamic shield made of flexible material.  5. The trap according to claim 2, characterized in that the extreme rods are provided with additional load and / or hydrodynamic spacer shields.

Images