RU2123753C1 - D c electric machine with former of commutation field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering, DC electric machines with commutating poles and compensation winding. SUBSTANCE: former of commutation field of D. C. electric machine is fitted with synchronization unit and lead computing unit which inputs are connected to outputs of transducers of rotational speed of armature, armature current and excitation current of main poles as well as to outputs of synchronization unit which input is connected to output of transducer of presence of excitation current of main poles. Outputs of lead computing unit are coupled to signal inputs of amplifiers feeding excitation windings of commutating poles. EFFECT: improved commutation under any operational mode of machine thanks to adjustment to optimum speeded commutation and formation of lead signals of gain factors. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in electric DC machines with additional poles and a compensation winding.

 Known electric DC machine with a device for forming a commuting field [1], containing the main poles, additional poles, the tips of which are beveled in the tangential direction, and the excitation windings of the additional poles are fed from amplifiers controlled by a special control system, an armature current rate sensor , speed sensors for switching and main flows and an anchor speed sensor.

 The commutator field forming device of the collector machine [1] allows, by increasing the current flowing through the field windings of a group of additional poles of the same polarity (the leading edge of the tips of which has a smaller air gap, and the moving edge a larger air gap), and decreasing the current flowing through the field windings groups of additional poles of a different polarity (the leading edge of the tips of which has a larger, and the leading edge of the - a smaller air gap) compensates for the asymmetry of the reactive EMF flax middle switching zone caused by switching the eddy currents.

 The known machine [1] has the following disadvantage.

 The excitation windings of the additional poles of the named collector electric machine with the device for forming the commuting field are connected in series with the armature winding. In this case, the switching EMF is proportional to the armature current and the armature speed and compensates for the reactive EMF, whereas in the modes close to idle (the armature current is insignificant), the switching EMF and reactive EMF are insignificant and the nature of the switching is almost completely determined by the EMF induced by the field of the main poles. The influence of the field of the main poles on the switching turns out to be so significant that it may be necessary already in the process of setting up the finished machine to reduce the switching zone with the corresponding adjustment of the air gap under the additional poles [2]. The narrowing of the switching zone worsens the technical and economic performance of the machine (the coefficient of pole overlap decreases, therefore, the use of the circle of the armature worsens, with the same geometric dimensions, the power of the machine decreases). In addition, the adjustment of the air gap under the additional poles without disassembling the machine is possible only if special technical solutions are used [3,4].

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed electric DC machine with a device for forming a commuting field is a prototype electric machine of DC with a device for forming a commuting field [5], containing main poles, additional poles, the tips of which are made with a bevel in the tangential direction, with windings connected to the outputs of the amplifiers, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the calculation unit; an anchor speed sensor connected to the first input of the calculation unit; excitation current sensor, synchronization unit and a current presence sensor in the excitation circuit of the main poles, the output of which is connected to the input of the synchronization unit, three outputs of which are connected to the second, third and fourth inputs of the calculation unit, the fifth and sixth inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the main current sensors poles and current anchors.

The device for generating a switching field of a known electric machine [5] allows you to compensate for the EMF, e _g induced in the switching zone by the field of the main poles and the reactive EMF e _p in any mode of operation by creating a commuting field of the desired shape by selecting gain factors q ₁ and q ₂ for amplifiers supplying the field windings of the groups of additional poles using the least-squares method, which ensures optimal compensation (e _p + e _g ) in the switching zone.

 The known machine [5] has the following disadvantage.

When calculating the gains q ₁ and q _{2, we} use the basic mode reactive EMF model with the rectilinear law of current change in the switched section, which is necessary to obtain an arbitrary arbitrary reactive EMF taking into account the current values of armature current 1, armature speed Ω and main pole excitation current i . Nonlinearity of changes in reactive EMF depending on the rotation speed of the armature [6,7] is implemented on a complex functional converter.

 The aim of the invention is to improve switching in any mode of operation of a DC machine by tuning to optimally accelerated switching and generating, using the extrapolation method, forward values of gain factors based on previous information about the mode parameters that are adequate to the products of the relative values of the armature current and armature speed, armature speed and the excitation flux of the main poles.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the electric DC machine with a device for forming a commuting field, containing the main poles, additional poles, the tips of which are beveled in the tangential direction, with windings connected to the outputs of the amplifiers; anchor speed sensor; armature current sensor; field current sensor; a sensor for the presence of current in the excitation circuit of the main poles, is equipped with a synchronization unit and a lead calculation unit, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the current sensor of the main poles, sensor of rotation speed of the armature, current sensor of the armature; the sixth, seventh, eighth inputs of the control signal calculation unit taking into account lead are connected to three outputs of the synchronization block, the outputs of the control signal calculation block taking into account lead are connected to the signal inputs of amplifiers supplying excitation windings of additional poles, and the synchronization block is additionally equipped with two outputs, connected to the fourth and fifth inputs of the control signal calculation unit taking into account anticipation.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive electric DC machine with a commutator field shaping device is distinguished by the presence of a new control signal calculation block taking into account the lead that replaced the prototype calculation block, and by the presence of two additional outputs of the synchronization block, which ensures the issuance of signals allowing data fixation about the parameters of the mode of the DC machine in four cycles of the controller and the storage of anticipated parameters of the mode of operation of the machine.

 Thus, the inventive electric machine with a device for forming a switching field meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are not identified in other technical solutions, therefore, provide the claimed solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a machine connecting to control elements; in FIG. 2 - basic curves of reactive EMF (1), corresponding to optimally accelerated switching, EMF induced by the field of the main poles (2), EMF induced under each additional pole of one (3) and another (4) polarity, resulting commuting EMF (5); in FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a lead calculation unit; in FIG. 4 - cycle of the device for forming the switching field of the proposed machine; in FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an extrapolation unit using the example of an extrapolation unit of one of the mode parameters; in FIG. 6 - graphs of reactive EMF (1), EMF induced by the field of the main poles (2), commuting (3) and uncompensated (4) EMF for the nominal mode of the proposed machine.

 A device for forming a switching field of the proposed electric DC machine (Fig. 1) contains an armature current sensor 1, an armature speed sensor 3, a main pole excitation current sensor 4, the outputs of which are connected to the first, second and third inputs of the lead calculation unit 5. In addition, the device contains a sensor 6 for the presence of current in the excitation circuit of the main poles, the output of which is connected to the input of the synchronization unit 7, five outputs of which are connected to the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth inputs of the lead calculation unit 5, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs linear thyristor amplifiers 8 and 9, supplying power to the independent excitation windings of the additional poles 10 and 11.

The objective of the device for forming a switching field of the proposed DC machine is to provide amplification factors q ₁ and q ₂ for amplifiers 8 and 9 of such a magnitude that the switching emf
e _k (ωt) = q ₁ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt) + q ₂ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt)
as best as possible compensated the total EMF [e _p (ωt) + e _g (ωt)] for the mode corresponding to the anticipatory signals of the parameters of the anticipated mode R1 and R2 calculated by the extrapolation of Φ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ and Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ accordingly, according to their values in previous cycles of the device. Here Ι $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ , F $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ and Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ - current values of the armature current, the flow of the main poles and the speed of rotation of the armature in relative units;
e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt) and e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt) - basic EMF induced under each additional pole of each polarity at q ₁ = q ₂ = 0.5, in the algebraic sum constituting commuting EMF e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k}}$ (ωt), whose amplitude is equal to the amplitude of the base reactive EMF e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ (ωt) with optimally accelerated switching (Fig. 2). The basic mode is the operation of a DC machine at a rated speed Ω _n , at a rated armature current I _n and a rated excitation current of the main poles i _n . This mode corresponds to EMF e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{g}}$ (ωt) (Fig. 2), induced by the field of the main poles in the switching zone in the nominal operating mode, T is the switching period; e _p (ωt) and e _g (ωt) are the reactive EMF and EMF induced by the field of the main poles in the anticipated mode of operation, ω = p • Ω (p is the number of pairs of poles).

The method for calculating the gain for the amplifiers of the proposed machine is similar to the corresponding method for calculating the prototype, but in the device for generating the switching field of the proposed machine, the calculation is based on other information. If the prototype mode parameters are set by signals coming directly from the sensors, then in the proposed machine, the device first calculates the anticipatory values of the mode parameters that are adequate to the products of these signals: R1 corresponds to Φ ^* Ω ^* , R2 - Ω ^* I ^{* of the} prototype, where Ф ^* , I ^* and Ω ^* are the relative values of the flow of the main poles, the armature current and the rotation frequency of the prototype armature. After that, the extrapolation method calculates the coefficients q ₁ and q ₂ corresponding to the anticipated mode.

In other words, it is necessary to calculate such q ₁ and q ₂ so that the EMF e _k (ωt) = q ₁ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt) + q ₂ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt) compensated for the total EMF [e _p (ωt) + e _g (ωt)].
The problem posed is solved by a point quadratic approximation [10] of a given function f (ωt) = e _p (ωt) + e _g (ωt)] by the polynomial Q = q ₁ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt) + q ₂ • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt), where e _g (ωt) = e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{g}}$ (ωt) • R1, e _p (ωt) = e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{p}}$ (ωt) • R2 - EMF induced by the field of the main poles in the switching zone, and reactive EMF for the anticipated mode with parameters R1 and R2.

равную сумме квадратов отклонений полинома Q(ωt) от функции f(ωt) на заданной системе точек. Очевидно, задача сводится к минимизации S методом подбора q₁ и q₂, удовлетворяющих этому условию, для чего найдем частные производные dS/dq₁ и dS/dq₂. Приравнивая эти частные производные нулю, получим систему уравнений с двумя неизвестными q₁ и q₂:

Здесь

значения функций e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt), e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt), f(ωt) для j-й точки из системы, состоящих из n точек, равномерно распределенных по ширине коммутационной зоны.By the point least-squares method, the quantity deviation of the polynomial Q (ωt) from the function f (ωt) is taken to be

equal to the sum of the squared deviations of the polynomial Q (ωt) from the function f (ωt) on a given system of points. Obviously, the problem reduces to minimizing S by the selection of q ₁ and q ₂ satisfying this condition, for which we find the partial derivatives dS / dq ₁ and dS / dq ₂ . Equating these partial derivatives to zero, we obtain a system of equations with two unknowns q ₁ and q ₂ :

Here

values of the functions e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1}}$ (ωt), e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2}}$ (ωt), f (ωt) for the j-th point of the system, consisting of n points uniformly distributed over the width of the switching zone.

Таким образом, расчет коэффициентов усиления сводится к решению системы уравнений вида:

где

- постоянные величины для данной машины, а

и

коэффициенты, зависящие от режима работы
Главный определитель системы (3)
D = $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{|A}}{\text{|B}}$ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{B|}}{\text{A|}}$ = A²-B²
также является постоянной величиной для данной машины, а вспомогательные определители

это коэффициенты, зависящие от режима ее работы. Коэффициенты q₁ и q₂ рассчитываются по формулам:
q₁=D₁/D, q₂-D₂/D.After opening the brackets and transferring the free terms to the right-hand sides, equation (1) is transformed to:

Thus, the calculation of the gain is reduced to solving a system of equations of the form:

Where

- constant values for a given machine, and

and

operating mode factors
The main determinant of the system (3)
D = $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{| A}}{\text{| B}}$ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{B |}}{\text{A |}}$ = A ² -B ²
is also a constant for this machine, and auxiliary determinants

these are coefficients depending on the mode of its operation. The coefficients q ₁ and q _{2 are} calculated by the formulas:
q ₁ = D ₁ / D, q ₂ -D ₂ / D.

Block 5 lead and calculation (Fig. 3) includes blocks of division 12, 13 and 14, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the sensors 4, 3 and 1, respectively, and the second inputs receive signals corresponding to the nominal values of the excitation current of the main poles i _n , the rotation frequency of the armature Ω _n and the current of the armature I _n respectively.

From the output of block 12 division, the signal corresponding to the current value of the excitation current of the main poles in relative units i $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ arrives at the input of the functional converter 15, which implements the magnetization curve in relative units, the output of which is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 16, the second input of which is connected to the output of the unit 13, generating a signal corresponding to the current value of the armature speed in relative units Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ .
From the output of the multiplication block 16, the signal corresponding to the product Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ Φ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ arrives at the input of extrapolation block 17, the second input of which is connected to the first output of synchronization block 7. Φ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ - the current value of the flow of the main poles in relative units.

From the output of block 14, the signal corresponding to the current value of the armature current in relative units I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ arrives at the first input of the multiplication block 18, the second input of which is connected to the output of block 13, and from the output of block 18 a signal corresponding to the product Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ arrives at the first input of the extrapolation unit 19, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the synchronization unit 7.

 The outputs of the extrapolation units 17 and 19 are connected to the first and second inputs of the anticipated mode storage unit 20, the third input of which is connected to the second output of the synchronization unit 7.

The first output of block 20 is connected to the first input of the multiplication block 21, the second input of which receives a signal corresponding to the base EMF e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{rj}}$ , from the first output of the base mode setting unit 22. The second output of block 20 is connected to the first input of the multiplication block 23, the second input of which receives a signal corresponding to the base EMF e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{pj}}$ , from the second output of the base mode setting unit 22.

The outputs of blocks 21 and 23 are connected to the first and second inputs of the adder 24, from the output of which a signal corresponding to the sum (e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{pj}}$ + e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{rj}}$ ), arrives at the first inputs of the multiplication blocks 25 and 26, the second inputs of which receive signals corresponding to e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1j}}$ and e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2j}}$ , from the third and fourth output of the base mode setting unit 22.

для j-й точки из системы, состоящей из n равномерно распределенных по ширине коммутационной зоны точек.Here e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{pj}}$ , e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{rj}}$ , e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1j}}$ , e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2j}}$ , e _pj and e _{gj /} are the values of the functions

for the jth point from the system consisting of n points uniformly distributed over the width of the switching zone.

From the outputs of multiplication blocks 25 and 26, the signals corresponding to the products (e _pj + e _gj ) • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1j}}$ and (e _pj + e _gj ) • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2j}}$ , arrive at integrators 27 and 28, which accumulate the amounts calculated by (6) and (7). The second inputs of the integrators 27 and 28 receives a signal from the third output of the synchronization unit 7. The outputs of the integrators 27 and 28 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the storage unit 29 of the coefficients C ₁ and C ₂ , the third input of which is connected to the fourth output of the synchronization unit 7, the first output to the first inputs of the multiplication units 30 and 31, and the second output to the first the inputs of the multiplication blocks 32 and 33. The signal corresponding to the coefficient A (4) is supplied to the second inputs of the multiplication blocks 30 and 32; the second inputs of the multiplication blocks 31 and 33 receives a signal corresponding to the coefficient B (5). The output of the multiplication unit 30 is connected to the first input of the adder 34, the second input of which receives a signal from the output of the multiplication unit 33, and the output is connected to the first input of the division unit 35, the second input of which receives a signal corresponding to the coefficient D (8).

 The output of the multiplication unit 31 is connected to the first input of the adder 36, the second input of which receives a signal from the output of the multiplication unit 32, and the output is connected to the first input of the division unit 37, the second input of which receives a signal corresponding to the coefficient D (8).

The outputs of the division blocks 35 and 37 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the storage unit 38 of the amplification factors q ₁ and q ₂ , the third input of which receives a signal from the fifth output of the synchronization block 7. The first output of block 38 is connected to the signal input of a linear thyristor amplifier 8 (Fig. 1); the second output of block 38 is connected to the signal input of the linear thyristor amplifier 9 (Fig. 1).

 The extrapolation units 17 and 19 calculate the parameters R1 and R2 based on information from four previous cycles. The main calculation procedure is described by the example of extrapolation of the parameter R1.

The calculation of the pre-emptive signal R1 is carried out by calculating the polynomial in the Newton form [10] based on the information on the relative values of this parameter R ₀ , R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ received from the multiplication unit 16 in the four previous cycles of the device for forming the switching field of the proposed machine :
R ₁ = K ₀ + K ₁ (tt ₀ ) + K ₂ (tt ₁ ) (tt ₀ ) + K ₃ (tt ₂ ) (tt ₁ ) (tt ₀ )
Where
t ₀ , t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ - the start time of the previous cycles of the device; t is the lead time, calculated as t = t ₃ + T _y ,
Where
T _y = t ₁ -t ₀ = t ₂ -t ₁ = t ₃ -t ₂ is the cycle period of the device for forming the switching field of the proposed machine, the value of which is determined by the extrapolation time of the parameters of the anticipated mode T _e , the time T _c calculation of the gain q ₁ and q ₂ and the inertia of the power circuit of the excitation of additional poles T _DP (Fig. 4).

б) разделенные разности 2 порядка:

в) разделенная разность 3 порядка:

Коэффициенты многочлена Ньютона рассчитываются следующим образом:
K₀=R₀;
K₁=[R₀R₁];
K₂=[R₀R₁R₂];
K₃=[R₀R₁R₂R₃],
а сам многочлен имеет вид:
R1 = K₀+ K₁•4T_y+ K₂•12T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{y}}$ + K₃•24T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{3}}{\text{y}}$
Для упреждающего значения параметра R2 зависимости (14)-(24) аналогичны.K ₀ , K ₁ , K ₂ and K ₃ are the coefficients of the Newton polynomial, calculated by the difference scheme. The following dependencies are used in the calculation:
a) divided differences of the 1st order:

b) divided differences of 2 orders:

c) the divided difference of 3 orders:

The coefficients of the Newton polynomial are calculated as follows:
K ₀ = R ₀ ;
K ₁ = [R ₀ R ₁ ];
K ₂ = [R ₀ R ₁ R ₂ ];
K ₃ = [R ₀ R ₁ R ₂ R ₃ ],
and the polynomial itself has the form:
R1 = K ₀ + K ₁ • 4T _y + K ₂ • 12T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{y}}$ + K ₃ • 24T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{3}}{\text{y}}$
For the anticipatory value of the parameter R2, dependences (14) - (24) are similar.

 The extrapolation units 17 and 19 have the same structure as shown in FIG. 5 for block 17.

The output of block 12 (Fig. 3) is connected to the input of block 39 for storing four current values of R ₀ , R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ relative values of the mode parameter R1 obtained in the four previous cycles of the device; to the second input of block 39 is connected the first output of block 7 synchronization.

The first and second outputs of block 39 are connected to the first and second inputs of the adder 30, from the output of which a signal corresponding to the difference (R ₁ -R ₀ ) is supplied to the first input of the division unit 41, to the second input of which a constant signal corresponding to the value of T _y .

The second and third outputs of block 39 are connected to the first and second inputs of the adder 42, from the output of which a signal corresponding to the difference (R ₂ -R ₁ ) is supplied to the first input of the division unit 43, to the second input of which a constant signal corresponding to T _y is applied.

The third and fourth outputs of block 39 are connected to the first and second inputs of the adder 44, from the output of which a signal corresponding to the difference (R ₃ -R ₂ ) is supplied to the first input of the division unit 45, to the second input of which a constant signal corresponding to T _y is supplied.

From the output of the division unit 41, the signal corresponding to the divided first-order difference (14) is fed to the first input of the adder 46, the second input of which from the output of the division unit 43 receives the signal corresponding to the divided order difference (15). The output of the adder 46 is connected to the first input of the division unit 47, the second input of which is supplied with a constant signal corresponding to the constant 2T _y , and the output generates a signal corresponding to the divided difference of the second order (17).

From the output of the division unit 43, the signal corresponding to the divided first-order difference (15) is fed to the first input of the adder 48, the second input of which from the output of the division unit 45 receives a signal corresponding to the divided first-order difference (16). The output of the adder 48 is connected to the first input of the division unit 50, the second input of which is supplied with a constant signal corresponding to the constant 2T _y , and the output generates a signal corresponding to the divided difference of the second order (18).

The outputs of the division blocks 47 and 49 are connected to the first and second inputs of the adder 50, the output of which is connected to the first input of the division 51, the second input of which supplies a constant signal corresponding to the constant 3T _y , and the output generates a signal corresponding to the divided difference of the third order ( 19).

 Thus, at the first output of block 39 and at the outputs of blocks 41, 47 and 51, signals are generated corresponding to the coefficients of the Newton polynomial (20), (21) and (23).

Blocks 52-57 implement the formula (24) for calculating the extrapolated value of the pre-emptive signal of parameter R1. The output of the division unit 41 is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 52, the second input of which receives a constant signal corresponding to the constant 4T _y , and the output is connected to the first input of the adder 53, the second input of which receives the signal from the first block 39, and the output is connected to the first adder 54 input.

The output of the division unit 47 is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 55, to the second input of which a constant signal corresponding to the constant 12T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{y}}$ , and the output is connected to the first input of the adder 56.

The output of the division unit 51 is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 57, to the second input of which a constant signal corresponding to the constant 24T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{3}}{\text{y}}$ and the output is connected to the second input of the adder 56, the output of which is connected to the second input of the adder 54.

 From the output of the adder 54, the signal corresponding to the extrapolated anticipatory value of the relative value of the parameter R1 (24) is fed to the first input of the anticipated mode parameter storage unit 20 (Fig. 3).

The proposed electric DC machine with a device for forming a switching field operates as follows. If there is a current in the circuit of the field winding of the main poles, the synchronization unit 7 provides control signals in accordance with the timing diagram of FIG. 4. The momentum of the sequence φ ₁ obtained at the first output of block 7, the relative values of Φ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ and Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ are fixed in blocks 17 and 19 until the next pulse of this sequence arrives, i.e. for the entire cycle T _{at the} operation of the device. According to the same pulse of the sequence φ _{1, the} integrators 27 and 28 are reset, and in the extrapolation blocks 17 and 19, the anticipatory values of the parameters of the mode R1 and R2 are calculated.

By the pulse of the sequence φ ₂ they are fixed in the block 20 storing the parameters of the mode.

на выходе интегратора 28 формируется сигнал, соответствующий сумме

Если j < n, то накопление сумм на интеграторах 27 и 28 продолжается. Если j = n, то на выходах интеграторов 27 и 28 будут иметь место сигналы, соответствующие коэффициентам C₁ (6) и C₂ (7), которые по импульсу последовательности φ₄ будут зафиксированы в блоке 29 хранения коэффициентов C₁ и C₂ до следующего импульса этой последовательности и поступят в выходную часть блока упреждения и расчета (блоки 30-38). На блоках 30-38 реализуется вычисление коэффициентов D₁, D₂, q₁ и q₂. Сигнал на выходе сумматора 34 соответствует коэффициенту D₁; сигнал на выходе сумматора 36 - коэффициенту D₂; сигнал на выходе блока деления 35 - коэффициенту q₂; сигнал на выходе блока 37 - коэффициенту q₂. Цикл расчетов новых q₁ и q₂ завершен. По импульсу последовательности φ₅ значения q₁ и q₂ фиксируются в блоке 38 и поступают с его выходов на сигнальные входы линейных тиристорных усилителей 8 и 9.With the arrival of the jth pulse of the sequence φ ₃ at the input of block 22, signals corresponding to e appear at the corresponding outputs of this block $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{pj}}$ , e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{rj}}$ , e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1j}}$ and e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2j}}$ . Block 21 corrects the EMF induced by the field of the main poles along the excitation flow of the main poles and the rotation frequency of the armature (parameter R1). Block 23 corrects the reactive EMF according to the rotation frequency and armature current (parameter R2). At the output of adder 24, an algebraic sum is obtained (e _pj + e _gj ), at the output of the multiplication block 25, the product (e _pj + e _gj ) • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k1j}}$ , at the output of multiplication block 26, is the product (e _pj + e _gj ) • e $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{k2j}}$ . The output of the integrator 27 generates a signal corresponding to the sum

at the output of the integrator 28, a signal is generated corresponding to the sum

If j <n, then the accumulation of sums on the integrators 27 and 28 continues. If j = n, then at the outputs of the integrators 27 and 28 there will be signals corresponding to the coefficients C ₁ (6) and C ₂ (7), which, by the pulse of the sequence φ _4, will be fixed in the block 29 for storing the coefficients C ₁ and C ₂ to the next pulse of this sequence will go to the output part of the lead and calculation block (blocks 30-38). On blocks 30-38, the coefficients D ₁ , D ₂ , q ₁ and q _{2 are} calculated. The signal at the output of the adder 34 corresponds to the coefficient D ₁ ; the signal at the output of the adder 36 - coefficient D ₂ ; the signal at the output of the division block 35 - coefficient q ₂ ; the signal at the output of block 37 is the coefficient q ₂ . The cycle of calculations of new q ₁ and q _{2 is} completed. According to the pulse of the sequence φ _{5, the} values of q ₁ and q ₂ are fixed in block 38 and come from its outputs to the signal inputs of linear thyristor amplifiers 8 and 9.

The end of the cycle T _{at the} operation of the device for forming the switching field of the proposed machine is determined by the inertia of the excitation windings of the additional poles (T _DP in Fig. 4).

The lead calculation unit together with the synchronization unit 7 can be implemented on the basis of a control computer. In this case, the signals from the sensors enter the control computer through analog-to-digital converters. The basic mode modeling task block is implemented as a set of arrays of numbers, each n dimension, in the memory of the control computer. The coefficients i _n , Ω _n , I _n , A, B, and D are also stored there. The signal codes q ₁ and q ₂ calculated in the control computer are fed to digital-to-analog converters. The analog signals corresponding to these codes are fed to the inputs of linear thyristor amplifiers, which supply power to the independent excitation windings of the additional poles. In this case, the control computer only works if there is a signal from a current sensor in the excitation circuit of the main poles, which can be implemented with an optocoupler pair.

 The proposed machine provides in nominal mode the value of uncompensated EMF in the range from +1 V to -1.3 V (Fig. 6). In this case, due to pre-emptive delay is compensated for, introduced into the path of control of the inertia of the excitation winding of the additional poles.

 In the case of a multi-pole machine, thyristor amplifiers supplying the excitation windings of the additional poles are connected in parallel to each group of coils of additional poles connected in series with each other, similar to the group of coils of additional poles of the prototype.

Claims (1)

An electric DC machine with a commutator field forming device, containing main poles, additional poles whose tips are beveled tangentially with windings connected to the outputs of amplifiers supplying power to the independent excitation windings of the additional poles, main current excitation current sensor, frequency sensor rotation of the armature, current sensor of the armature, the presence of current sensor in the excitation circuit of the main poles, the synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the sensor the presence of current in the excitation circuit of the main poles, as well as a calculation unit, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the sensors for the excitation current of the main poles, the armature speed and armature current, the sixth, seventh and eighth inputs of the calculation unit are connected to three outputs of the synchronization unit and the outputs of the calculation unit are connected to the signal inputs of the amplifiers, characterized in that the calculation unit is configured to implement an additional function for calculating the pre-emptive signals of the parameters of the pre-emptive mode R1 and R2, extrapolation $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ and Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ accordingly, according to their values in previous cycles of the device, where I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ , F $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ and Ω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{*}}{\text{t}}$ - current values of the armature current, the flow of the main poles and the rotation frequency of the armature in relative units, and the synchronization unit is equipped with first and second outputs connected to the inputted fourth and fifth inputs of the calculation unit, the first output of the synchronization unit used to calculate the anticipatory values of the parameters of the anticipatory mode, and the second output is for fixing them in the calculation unit for the entire current cycle of the device.

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