RU2122638C1 - Axial piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: engine has cylinder and sliders. Each cylinder accommodates piston with rod square to slotted-link body in which slide block is placed. Slotted link reciprocates in sliders. Rod journal of crank is fitted in hole of slide block for rotation in slide block. Slider and counterweight are mechanically coupled with reduction gear and electric motor arranged inside support journal of crank. Double- acting cylinders have either two combustion chambers or combustion chamber and compression chamber which serves to provide supercharging of engine or acting as compressor. Change of compression ratio and use of double-acting cylinders make engine multifuel, featuring high specific power. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities owing to multipurposeness of multifuel engine, simplified assembling, maintenance and repair of engine. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a rodless piston engine. Known rodless engines (Rodless piston internal combustion engines. S. S. Balandin, M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1968, p. 9, 14), consisting of a housing, cylinders, arranged Y-shaped and X-shaped, star-shaped or under different angles relative to each other, pistons and rods with a converting mechanism do not make angular swings. The transforming mechanism is based on the kinematics of the “exact spindle” and the two pistons are rigidly connected to the rod acting on the crankshaft, which rotates in cranks with gear rims.

 The disadvantages of the device are: the required number of cylinders, a multiple of four; significant axial clearance; misaligned arrangement of cylinders; the presence of a crankshaft and a complicated by design and manufacturing mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion; inability to control the degree of compression.

 Known piston machine with rodless conversion of the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the working shaft (ed. St. 1771513, class F 01 B 9/02), containing a housing with opposed cylinders, which are placed two-piston rods, without crosshead guides, connecting pistons with the necks of a crankshaft made of two or more parts, and each part of which is mounted in a separate eccentric sleeve with the possibility of coaxial rotation of all the bushings in the housing in opposite directions to each other eniyah, and associated gear wheels and the output shaft; the articulated clutch is rigidly connected with a two-piston rod mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion in cylinders located at right angles to other cylinders.

 The disadvantages of the device are: the presence of a crankshaft of eccentric bushings, an articulated coupling, gears, an output shaft, i.e. complex in design and manufacturing of the transforming mechanism; high metal construction; the required number of cylinders, a multiple of four; work on a certain type of fuel; the inability to control compression in the cylinders.

 A device is known for a rodless piston engine (German patent (DE) N 902925, class F 02 B 75/32, 1954), comprising a housing arranged in rows and / or opposite cylinders, pistons arranged in cylinders to form working chambers, rigidly rods connected to the pistons, a flywheel, a counterweight, a gearbox and a crank with a support and rod necks and a cheek kinematically connected to the pistons by means of a rocker mechanism for converting the reciprocating movement of the pistons into a rotational shaft movement, including a rocker rigidly connected to rods located perpendicular to it, and a rocker placed in the wings and having an opening in which the rod neck of the crank is rotatably located.

 The disadvantages of the device are: the inability to control the degree of compression; double-acting cylinders are not used; the engine is not used as a compressor motor; the inability to control the degree of compression in the chambers of double-acting cylinders.

 The aim of this invention is to provide an engine with a variable compression ratio of the working mixture; engine compressor; an engine in which the compressor chamber of the cylinder serves to pressurize air into the combustion chambers; reduction in axial dimensions; design simplification; decrease in metal consumption; improvement of manufacturability and maintenance; reduction of exhaust gas toxicity; increased reliability by reducing friction in the cylinders; the exception of the friction of the pistons on the cylinders; increase in specific power of the engine.

 To achieve this goal, the device comprises a housing, cylinders arranged in-line and / or opposite, pistons located in the cylinders to form working chambers: combustion chambers and / or compressor chambers, rods rigidly connected to the pistons. The rods by means of a nut with a clamp are rigidly fixed at right angles to the wings. The wings move back and forth in the sliders. Inside the wings, there is a rocker with an opening into which the rod neck of the crank is rotatably inserted. The rod neck is rigidly fixed to the slider located in the groove of the crank cheek. A counterweight is located in the same groove. The slider and the counterweight are kinematically connected by means of helical gears of the left and right rotation to the output shaft of the worm gear drive, driven by the electric motor, which is installed inside the support neck of the crank. A flywheel is fixed at the end of the support neck, which serves to create the moment of inertia for the output of the piston (s) from the dead points. The flywheel is equipped with slip rings for connecting an electric motor. Rigidly connected piston-rod-scenes move reciprocally without distortion of the piston (s). To increase the specific power, double-acting cylinders are used, located in-line and / or opposite with two working chambers (combustion chambers) - above the piston and under the piston. Each chamber is equipped with mechanisms that ensure the fuel combustion process in a 4-cycle cycle, namely: gas distribution (intake, exhaust valves and pipelines) ignition (spark plug for gasoline or gas engines); nozzle (for diesels and gas diesel engines).

 When using double-acting cylinder (s), the working chamber under the piston is used as a compressor. In this case, the compressor chamber is equipped with inlet and outlet valves, through which air is supplied to the corrective air tank, which allows the air to be stored and distributed under the necessary pressure.

 In the variant of using double-acting cylinders with pressurization to increase the specific power, air from the air correction tank is supplied to the combustion chambers above the pistons, which increases the filling of the cylinders.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device of a rodless piston engine with a single-acting cylinder (s).

 In FIG. 2 shows a device of a piston rodless engine with double-acting cylinders.

 In FIG. 3 shows a device of a rodless engine with double-acting cylinders with a combustion chamber and a compressor chamber.

 Figure 4 is a kinematic diagram of the operation of a rodless piston engine.

 In FIG. 5 layout diagrams of rodless piston engines: a) single-cylinder; b) single-cylinder double-acting; c) two-cylinder in-line cylinders; d) two-cylinder double-acting with in-line cylinders; e) two-cylinder double-acting with an opposed arrangement of cylinders; e) two-cylinder with an opposed arrangement of cylinders; g) four-cylinder double-acting with an opposed arrangement of cylinders; i) a four-cylinder boxer engine.

 6 is a functional diagram.

 The device (Fig. 1), comprising a housing 1 with a cylinder (s) 2 fixed in it, inside of which there is a piston 3, which is mounted on the rod 4. The second end of the rod is fastened to the link 6 via a nut with a clamp 5. stone 7, with a hole in which the rod neck 8 of the crank 9 is mounted rotatably. The rod neck is rigidly attached to the slider 10, which together with the counterweight 11 is located in the groove of the cheek of the crank 9 with the possibility of translational movement in it. The slider 10 and the counterweight 11 are connected by screw gears to the worm gear 12 located on the shaft of the electric motor 13 located inside the support neck 14 of the crank 9. At the end of the support neck 14 of the crank 9, a flywheel 15 with slip rings 16 is attached for connecting the electric motor 13. On the cylinder ( cylinders) 2 there is a head 17 with gas distribution, ignition and / or fuel injection mechanisms and a pressure sensor 18. A rigid piston 3 - rod - 4 - link 6 system reciprocates in the sliders 19 of the housing 1.

 The device (figure 2) contains cylinders 2 double-acting, located in a row and / or opposite with combustion chambers above the piston 24 and under the piston 25; both of these chambers have heads 17 and 26 with gas distribution, ignition and / or fuel injection mechanisms, a pressure sensor 18 is mounted on the head 17.

 The device (Fig. 3) is equipped with double-acting cylinders 2 located in-line and / or opposite with the combustion chamber 24 above the piston 3 and the compressor chamber 23 under the piston 3. The head 27 of the compressor chamber 23 has an inlet 20 and an outlet 21 valves. Air under pressure enters the air correction tank 22 with pipelines for the distribution of air.

 The engine works (Fig. 1) as follows: depending on the type of fuel used, the required compression ratio in the cylinder is set. The rod neck 8 with the slider 10 is installed at the required distance (for a given type of fuel) from the axis of the support neck 14 of the crank 9. Under the pressure of the gases in the cylinder 2, the piston 3 through the rod 4 moves the link 6 in the slide 19. At this time, the rocker 7 makes a return - translational movement inside the wings 6, and the rod neck 8 of the crank 9 rotates clockwise (position A, B, C, D) (figure 4), converting the reciprocating movement of the rocker stone 7 of the wings 6 in the rotational movement of the crank 9.

 The movement of the piston (figure 4) from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC) and vice versa corresponds to the movements of the rocker stone 7 and the rocker 6 from the middle and upper position (A), respectively, through the extreme right and middle position (B) , through the middle and lower position (G) to the starting position (A). The flywheel 15 in terms of its parameters is selected so that the moment of inertia of the flywheel (15) allows the piston 3 to be removed from TDC and BDC.

 When changing the type of fuel in the engine, it is necessary to change the compression ratio of the fuel mixture, which is achieved by adjusting the position of the slider 10 and the counterweight 11 of the stem neck 8. The change in the stroke of the rocker stone 7, the scenes 6 changes the piston stroke, and the compression ratio is controlled using a pressure sensor 18 through the control panel as follows.

 Information from the pressure sensor 18 through the control panel starts the electric motor 13, which, by means of a worm gearbox 12 and a helical gear, converts the rotation of the shaft of the electric motor 13 into the translational movement of the slider 10 with the rod neck 8 and the counterweight 11, which leads to a change in the radius of rotation of the rod neck 8 relative to the axis of rotation the supporting neck 14. In this case, a change in the radius of rotation of the rod neck 8 leads to a change in the stroke of the piston 3 (pistons).

 When the engine (Fig. 3) is equipped with double-acting cylinders 2, the combustion chamber 24 above the piston with a head 17 equipped with gas distribution, ignition and / or fuel injection mechanisms and a pressure sensor 18 operates in a 4-cycle cycle; the chamber 23 under the piston 3 works like a compressor: when the piston 3 is close to TDC, atmospheric air is sucked in through the inlet valve 20, heads 27, then the piston 3 compresses this portion of air, moving to the TDC, and feeds it through the exhaust valve 21 of the head 27 into the air correction tank 22, equipped with pipelines and mechanisms for distributing compressed air under the necessary pressure: to pressurize air into the combustion chambers 24 of the engine itself; pneumatic machines - guns; to pneumatic service mechanisms.

 When the engine is equipped with double-acting cylinders 2 (FIG. 2) with two combustion chambers above the piston 24 and under the piston 25 with heads 17 and 26 having gas distribution, ignition and / or fuel injection and a pressure sensor 18 in the head 17. Both combustion chambers operate on a 4-cycle cycle.

 When an engine is equipped with double-acting cylinders 2 arranged in-line and / or opposite, a certain (estimated) number of cylinders has two combustion chambers 24 and 25, and a certain estimated number of cylinders with a combustion chamber 24 above the piston 3 and the compressor chamber 23 under the piston.

 The optimal compression ratio of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 24 of the cylinder and air in the compressor 23 is achieved by changing the length of the rod by means of a nut 5 with a clamp.

The proposed device has, in comparison with known engines, the following advantages:
- the engine uses various types of fuel, as the compression ratio control system guarantees non-knock engine operation with rated power and economy and improves the environmental friendliness of exhaust gases;
- to increase the specific power, double-acting cylinders are used, one of the combustion chambers of which can be turned off for economical operation of the engine in modes that do not require maximum power, or used as a compressor to increase engine power (as a boost) or to provide compressed air with pneumatic tools - (as an engine - compressor);
- the engine design has a small axial dimension, allows you to arrange the cylinders in a row and opposite, in the piston-cylinder group there is no friction of the pistons on the cylinders, therefore the engine resource is not limited by the state of the piston-cylinder group;
- the simplicity of the engine design reduces maintenance and repair time;
- the method of attaching the rods to the wings allows changing the ratio of the volumes of the combustion chambers in the double-acting cylinders by changing the length of the rod, and at the moment of the breakage of one of the pistons the moving parts of the converting mechanism do not contact the housing and do not destroy it;
- the ability to install single or double-acting cylinders, as well as their arrangement in a row or opposite, opens up a wide range of application of engines from light vehicles to marine engines.

Bibliography:
1. Balandin S.S. Rodless piston internal combustion engines. M .: Engineering, 1968

2 Auto 1771513, class F 01 B 9/02
3. German Patent (DE) N 902925, CL F 02 B 75/32

Claims (4)

 1. A rodless piston engine comprising a housing comprising a housing arranged in series and / or opposite cylinders, pistons placed in cylinders to form working chambers, rods rigidly connected to pistons, a flywheel, a crank with a support and rod necks and a cheek kinematically connected with pistons through the use of a rocker mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotation of the shaft, including a rocker connected to rods perpendicular to it, a rocker placed in the wings and having an opening in which the crank pin of the crank is located rotatably, characterized in that the engine is equipped with a slider, a counterweight and an electric motor, a groove is made in the cheek of the crank, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axes of the rod and support crank necks, a slider, gearbox are placed in the groove of the crank and a counterweight kinematically connected with each other with the possibility of translational movement of the slide and the counterweight in the groove of the crank, the slider being rigidly connected to the rod neck of the crank, and the gearbox is mounted on the shaft of an electric motor located inside the support neck of the crank.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the link is connected to the rods by means of a nut with a clamp.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the double-acting cylinders are equipped with heads with mechanisms for providing fuel combustion in the combustion chambers above the piston and under the piston.  4. The engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the cylinders are equipped with compressor chambers under the piston with inlet and outlet valves connected to the air correction tank with the possibility of supplying air under the necessary pressure to the working part of the cylinder and to units or machines operating from the compressor.

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