RU212146U1 - Oil heating device in the drive axles of a truck - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering for the production of motor vehicles, as well as to the operation of such complex science-intensive equipment as cars, transport, transport-technological machines and complexes. The technical task of the claimed utility model is to heat the drive axles with the help of exhaust gases from a liquid diesel heater in preparation for operation in cold climates.

The proposed device for heating the oil of the drive axles of a truck consists of a liquid diesel heater, a steel pipe for supplying exhaust gases to the splitter, a movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to the middle axle, a movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to the rear axle, a pneumatically controlled damper, air radiators.

The exhaust gases of a liquid diesel heater are fed through a fixed steel tube located along the vehicle frame, to a splitter, then to a movable tube (corrugation). The corrugation is connected to an air radiator, which is fixed to the drive axle with plates and bolts. Radiators of the middle and rear axles (also in the presence of other subsequent axles) are connected in parallel through a splitter.

To prevent contact and local overheating of the crankcase and oil, the exhaust gases are fed into an air cooler, consisting of two box-shaped heat exchangers forming a sealed cavity with internal vertically arranged steel guide plates that direct the flow of exhaust gases.

After circulation on the air cooler, the exhaust gases exit to the atmosphere through the upper fitting of the rear heat exchanger. The drive axle housing is heated by convection of heat from the front and rear heat exchangers, while the temperature of the gearbox parts and oil in the axle housing increases accordingly. When the operating temperature of the oil in the crankcase is reached, the sensor turns on the signal lamp located on the instrument panel of the car. When the pneumatically controlled damper is opened, the transfer of exhaust gases to the air radiators stops, they begin to escape into the atmosphere.

The air cooler is a welded steel structure. It consists of front and rear heat exchangers, a pallet, a connecting pipe, four mounting brackets. On the air cooler pan there is a technological hole closed with a plug, which serves to access the oil drain plug from the gearbox and periodically drain the condensate that forms on the walls of the crankcase of the bridge and the radiator. The front and rear heat exchangers are connected from below with a steel pipe. The front heat exchanger has a fitting on the top for supplying exhaust gases, the rear heat exchanger has a fitting for exhaust gases. Inside the box-type heat exchanger there are vertically arranged lower and upper guide plates, which give direction to the flow of exhaust gases.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering for the production of motor vehicles, as well as to the operation of such complex science-intensive equipment as cars, transport, transport-technological machines and complexes. An important condition is to increase the reliability of units and assemblies, reduce the cost of repairs and operation, achieved by eliminating the negative impact of the environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The utility model is aimed at improving the working conditions of the drive axles of a truck in the winter season by using an exhaust gas heating system.

BACKGROUND TO CREATING A UTILITY MODEL

When operating in cold conditions, due to the increase in oil viscosity, the resistance to rotation in the mechanisms of the drive axle increases, and fuel consumption increases. Large loads act on the gear wheels of the gearbox, side gears and pinions of the differential, and the intensity of wear of the friction surfaces increases. With simultaneous exposure to cold air and high dynamic loads, cases of cold brittleness of parts are possible.

Heating the oil of transmission units is especially important when operating vehicles in the northern regions of Russia, where the temperature reaches minus 60 ° C and below. To reduce the likelihood of a negative effect of cold air on the working conditions of parts, it is necessary to heat the oil of the drive axles before the vehicle starts moving.

The engines of trucks operating in these areas are mainly equipped with liquid diesel heaters (LHD), and the manufacturer does not provide a heating system on the transmission units.

PATENT DOCUMENTS

Known liquid diesel heater (PZhD) of the engine of trucks [1], consisting of the following components and parts: pump, fuel pump, combustion chamber in the housing, candle, heat exchanger, air blower, air intake, control unit under the cover, temperature sensor and overheating sensor , exhaust system, flame indicator, liquid inlet and outlet, power wiring harness, control panel with thermostat.

During PZD operation, exhaust gases can be directed under the engine crankcase, thereby providing engine oil heating. The PZD manufacturer does not provide a kit for heating the drive axle oil.

Known heating system for mechanical transmission and vehicle suspension [2], consisting of an import heat exchanger, export heat exchangers, expansion tank for liquid, equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, electromagnetic valves. In this system, the liquid is heated by the exhaust gases of the engine and transferred to the transmission units with the help of a heat exchanger. The disadvantage of such a system is its complexity, the need to ensure tightness, as well as the low temperature of the coolant (no more than 100-120°C). It takes time to heat up the liquid, and the time it takes to prepare the car for operation increases.

A known system for ensuring the thermal regime of gearboxes of a mechanical transmission of a vehicle [3], where a fluid heated by exhaust gases is used to heat the gearboxes. Heat transfer from the thermal management system to the transmission gearboxes is carried out using export heat exchangers installed on the outer part of the drive axle differential housings. The shape of the export heat exchangers is similar to the shape of the differential case, fits snugly to its outer part, and their number varies depending on the number of driving axles of the vehicle, the thermal conditions of which must be maintained. The disadvantage of this system is the difficulty of installing a heat exchanger of this type on the drive axles. The design of heat exchangers, which will be installed on the drive axles, is not considered in detail in [3].

A device for heating the crankcase of the gearbox with the heat of exhaust gases [4]. This device allows you to reuse the heat of the vehicle engine for heating the crankcase of the gearbox. The heat exchanger presented in [4] is a steel box with a single steel wall. In the upper part of the heat exchanger, fins are installed for additional removal of the heat flow of air. Walls are welded to the ribs, which play the role of a casing, which makes it possible to reduce the rate of decrease in the temperature of the oil in the gearbox housing during strong winds.

The lack of supply of exhaust gases directly to the crankcase of the units can lead to strong local heating of the crankcase and the occurrence of corrosion due to the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases.

The prototype of the utility model is a device for thermal preparation of vehicle units in winter conditions, which includes an air heater connected by a metal air duct to a gas-air line from a metal sleeve [5]. In this patent, the exhaust gases of the PZD are used for heating.

The design of heat exchangers to be installed on the drive axles is not considered in detail in [5].

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to heat the oil of driving axles with the help of exhaust gases from a diesel liquid heater in preparation for operation in cold climates.

The technical task is achieved by installing an oil heating device for driving axles, consisting of a liquid diesel heater 1, a steel tube 2 for supplying exhaust gases to the splitter, a movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to the middle axle 3, a movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to rear axle 4, pneumatic damper 5, air coolers 6.

The exhaust gases of a liquid diesel heater are fed through a fixed steel tube 2, located along the vehicle frame, to a splitter 10, then to a movable tube (corrugation) 3. The corrugation is connected to an air radiator 6, which is fixed to the drive axle using plates 7 and bolts 11. The radiators of the middle and rear axles (also in the presence of other subsequent axles) are connected in parallel through a splitter 10.

To prevent contact and local overheating of the crankcase and oil, the exhaust gases are fed into an air cooler, consisting of two box-shaped heat exchangers forming a sealed cavity with internal vertically arranged steel guide plates that direct the flow of exhaust gases.

After circulation on the air cooler, the exhaust gases exit to the atmosphere through the upper fitting of the rear heat exchanger. The drive axle housing is heated by convection of heat from the front and rear heat exchangers, while the temperature of the gearbox parts and oil in the axle housing increases accordingly. When the operating temperature of the oil in the axle housing is reached, the sensor 9 turns on the signal lamp 8 located on the instrument panel of the car. When the pneumatically controlled damper 5 is opened, the transfer of exhaust gases to the air radiators stops, they begin to escape into the atmosphere.

Air cooler (figure 2) is a welded steel structure. It consists of front 13 and 14 rear heat exchangers, sump 20, connecting pipe 15, four mounting brackets 18 and 19. On the air cooler sump there is a technological hole closed by plug 12, which serves to access the oil drain plug from the gearbox and periodically drain the condensate formed on the walls of the crankcase of the bridge and the radiator. The front and rear heat exchangers are connected from below by a steel pipe 15. The front heat exchanger has a fitting 16 on the upper part for supplying exhaust gases, the rear heat exchanger has a fitting 17 for exhaust gases. Inside the box-shaped heat exchanger there are vertically located lower and upper guide plates 21, 22, which give direction to the flow of exhaust gases. The air coolers of the middle and rear axles of trucks have the same design.

Exhaust gases through the top fitting enter the front heat exchanger (figure 3). Due to the presence of vertically arranged guide plates, the gases circulate throughout the cavity of the front heat exchanger and exit through the nozzle to the rear heat exchanger.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND OTHER MATERIALS

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings and diagrams:

Fig.1 - Schematic diagram of the device for heating the oil of the driving axles of a truck

Fig.2 - Air cooler for heating oil of the drive axle

Fig.3 - Diagram of the circulation of exhaust gases in the front heat exchanger

POSITIONS ON THE DRAWING

Table 1

Position Designation one liquid diesel heater 2 fixed exhaust pipe 3 movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to the middle bridge four movable tube (corrugation) for supplying exhaust gases to the rear axle 5 air operated damper 6 air cooler 7 air cooler mounting plate eight oil heating warning light 9 oil temperature sensor ten splitter eleven fastening bolt 12 cork 13 front heat exchanger fourteen rear heat exchanger fifteen connecting pipe 16 exhaust gas inlet 17 exhaust outlet eighteen front mounting bracket 19 rear mounting bracket twenty pallet 21 lower guide plate 22 top guide plate

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Diesel pre-heaters 14TC-10, 14TC-10-12 with mounting kit. Operation manual 10TS.451.00.00.00.000 RE, 2013 - 22 p.

2. Patent 119086 Russian Federation, IPC F28D 15/00. Heating system for mechanical transmission and vehicle suspension. Dolgushin A.A., Kurnosov A.F., Shvedov S.P. - 2012101908/11, Appl. 01/19/2012; publ. 08/10/2012, bul. No. 22.

3. Patent 130058 Russian Federation, IPC F28D 15/00. System for ensuring the thermal regime of gearboxes of a mechanical transmission of a vehicle. Dolgushin A.A., Kurnosov A.F. - 2013109900/11, Appl. 03/05/2013; publ. 07/10/2013, bul. No. 19.

4. Patent 74605 Russian Federation, IPC B60K 17/00. Vehicle transmission. Dolgushin A.A., Cherkasov A.B. - 2007148298/22, Appl. 12/24/2007; publ. 07/10/2008, bul. No. 19.

5. Patent 2480617 Russian Federation, IPC F02N 19/02, B60H 1/00. Device for thermal preparation of vehicle units. Gabitov I.I., Negora A.V., Razyapov M.M., Gusev D.A. - 2011114915/11, Appl. 04/15/2011; publ. 04/27/2013, bul. No. 12.

Claims (1)

An oil heating device in the driving axles of a truck, using exhaust gases as a coolant, with the possibility of shutting down with a pneumatically controlled damper, consisting of a diesel liquid heater, air radiators of a welded structure in the form of bridge gearboxes, as well as fixed and movable connecting pipelines, characterized in that to prevent contact and local overheating of the crankcase and oil, the exhaust gases are fed into an air cooler, consisting of two box-shaped heat exchangers, forming a sealed cavity with internal vertical steel guide plates that direct the flow of exhaust gases, and on the air cooler pan there is a technological hole that serves to access the oil drain plug from the gearbox and the periodic drain of the condensate that forms on the walls of the crankcase of the bridge and the radiator.

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