RU2120424C1 - Heat-insulating mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-insulating materials. SUBSTANCE: mass has the following composition, wt.-% dry matter: granulated turf 2-50; filling agent 30-61; binding agent 18-42, and water up to moisture 76-85%. Mass can contain woody fiber, wood saw-dust, straw cuts as a filling agent. Mass consists of ecologically pure components as binding agents. EFFECT: improved quality of mass and ecology. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the peat industry and can be used in the manufacture of thermal insulation materials.

 Known heat-insulating mixture, including granular peat, fluorosilicate compound and bitumen (ed. St. N 304823, Heat-insulating mixture, 1969).

 The disadvantages of the known mixture are low mechanical strength, a complex composition, including a toxic fluorosilicon compound.

 Closest to the proposed is a heat-insulating mass (ed. St. N 1054335, Heat-insulating mass, 1983), including granular peat, bitumen, sodium silicofluoride, bakelite varnish, perlite or vermiculite.

 The disadvantages of the known thermal insulation mass are a complex composition, including scarce expensive and toxic substances - sodium silicofluoride, bakelite varnish, perlite, vermiculite; high density, thermal conductivity of the obtained products, low mechanical strength of the products.

 The present invention is based on the task of creating a heat-insulating mass containing organic materials, and using environmentally friendly components as a binder.

This is achieved by the fact that it contains water, as a filler it contains cellulose-containing organic material, and as a binder it contains highly dispersed peat in the following components, wt.% Dry matter:
Granular peat - 2-50
Filler - 30-61
Binder - 18-42
Water - To a mixture humidity of 76-85%
using bonfires, sawdust or straw cutting as cellulose-containing material.

 In the known solution, bitumen and bakelite varnish are used as a binder, and dispersed peat is used in the proposed one, in addition, perlite or vermiculite is used as a fine filler in a known mass, and bonfire, sawdust or straw cutting is used in the proposed one. The use of dispersed peat as a binder makes it possible to ensure the environmental safety of production and the resulting products, reduce costs, and improve the thermal insulation properties of products.

 The use of cellulose-containing organic material can reduce the density and improve thermal insulation properties, reduce the consumption of a binder, in addition, the introduction of this component reduces shrinkage deformation and thus improves the presentation of the resulting products and their mechanical strength.

 The essence of the proposed method of manufacturing a heat-insulating mass is as follows: dispersed peat, cellulose-containing material and water are mixed, then granular peat is introduced into the mixture and mixed until granules are uniformly distributed throughout the volume. Then the plates are formed from the mixture and dried to a constant weight.

 Water in the amount of 76 - 85% ensures a uniform distribution of the components by volume of the mass, their adhesive interaction and the formation of a strong structure.

 With the introduction of granular peat less than 2.0%, the strength of the products decreases due to an increase in shrinkage stresses, with the introduction of more than 50% of the granules, voids unfilled between them create a binder, which also leads to a decrease in the strength of the products and worsening of the presentation.

 With the introduction of dispersed peat of less than 18% and organic cellulose-containing material of more than 61%, a weak cohesion of the structure and low mechanical strength are observed. With the introduction of a binder of more than 2.0% and organic cellulose-containing material of less than 30%, excessive shrinkage of the material occurs, which leads to a deterioration in the strength properties of products and presentation, with the introduction of water less than 76%, a uniform strong structure of the material is not ensured, and with humidity more than 85 % plastic deformation of products occurs, warpage during drying and a decrease in strength and deterioration of the presentation of products.

 The table shows the test results of the plates obtained with various compositions of the mixture.

 Example 1. Preparation of a plate from a heat-insulating mass of the composition: granular peat 20%, dispersed peat 26%, cellulose-containing material 54%, the humidity of the mixture 83%.

 130 g of peat dispersed on the screw mechanism are mixed with 54 g of bonfire and 388 g of water, 20 g of granules are introduced into the mixture, mixed, the plates are formed, dried to constant weight. After drying, the strength of the plate is 0.42 MPa, density 315 kg / m3.

 Example 2. Preparation of a plate from a heat-insulating mass of the composition: granular peat 2.0%, dispersed peat 40%, sawdust 58%, the humidity of the mixture 84%.

 200 g of dispersed peat are mixed with 5.8 g of sawdust and 365 g of water, 2 g of peat granules are introduced into the mixture, mixed, a plate is formed, and dried to constant weight. After drying, the strength of the plates is 0.62 MPa and a density of 310 kg / m3.

 Example 3. Preparation of a plate from a heat-insulating mass of the composition: granular peat 50%, dispersed peat 20%, straw cutting 30%, the humidity of the mixture 76%.

 100 g of dispersed peat is mixed with 30 g of straw cutting and 237 g of water. 50 g of peat granules are introduced into the mixture, mixed, a plate is formed and dried to constant weight. After drying, the strength of the plate is 0.32 MPa, the density is 325 kg / m3.

 The table shows the test results of plates of various compositions prepared by the proposed method, similar to that presented in examples 1-3. The table shows that the proposed method allows to obtain plates with a density of 280-355 kg / m3, strength 0.31-0.62 MPa. In this case, the density of the material decreases by 1.5-2 times, the strength increases by 10-20%.

The plates obtained by the proposed technology can be used for heat and sound insulation indoors, as a heat-insulating filler of inter-wall spaces, ceilings, as well as pipelines with a temperature not exceeding 100 ^o C.

Claims (3)

1. A heat-insulating mass containing granular peat, a filler and a binder, characterized in that it additionally contains water, as a filler it contains cellulose-containing organic material, and as a binder it contains highly dispersed peat in the following components, wt.% Dry matter:
Granular peat - 2-50
Filler - 30-61
Binder - 18-42
Water - To a mixture humidity of 76-85%
2. The mass according to claim 1, characterized in that as a filler it contains a fire.  3. The mass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sawdust as a filler.  4. The mass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains straw cutting as a filler.

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