RU2120419C1 - Complex of constructions for biological waste water treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste water treatment. SUBSTANCE: complex comprises in-series connected biological ponds with higher plants provided with one or a few inoculation blocks. Complex includes at least one storage pond, cascade of shallow ponds, and storage pond for treated water. Inoculation block is constructed in the form of one or a few channels provided with overflowing inlet and outlet barriers and shutters. Each channel encloses containers charged with immobilized algologic polyinoculate. Channels also have aerators made in the form of arrangement of pipes with perforated parts to release air, and containers are mounted for possible orientation at an angle to stream axis. EFFECT: enhanced treatment efficiency with no regard to season and climatic conditions. 7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to wastewater treatment and can be used in industry for biohydrobotanical desalination of wastewater.

 Known wastewater treatment system containing treatment facilities, a pond storage of pre-treated water, biological ponds, which are maps, cascading in relation to each other and equipped with overflow devices. The cards are made with positive buoyancy and are located on the surface of the storage pond (AS USSR N 1638124, C 02 F 3/32, bull. N 12, 1991).

 The disadvantages of the known device are the limited use only in industrial livestock, it is impossible to clean mineralized water, such as mine wastewater.

 A known wastewater treatment system including a two-stage biopond and a channel type reservoir. Wastewater contaminated with oil and salts is treated by passing through two biological ponds, arranged sequentially one after another, comprising two stages of treatment. (A.S. USSR N 918277, C 02 F 3/32, bull. N 13, 1982).

 The level of bio ponds removes the oil concentration by 100%, and the total mineralization by 25%. The disadvantages of the prototype device is the insufficiently effective treatment of highly saline wastewater.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating a complex of hydraulic structures of a biological wastewater desalination system with a higher cleaning ability and productivity, while working all year round in any climatic conditions.

 This problem is solved using the features listed in paragraph 1 of the claims common with the prototype, such as a complex of biological wastewater treatment plants containing sequentially connected biological ponds with higher aquatic plants, as well as significant distinguishing features, such as complex ponds equipped with one or more inoculation blocks.

 According to paragraph 2 of the formula, a complex of facilities for biological wastewater treatment has at least one storage pond, a cascade of shallow ponds and a treated water storage pond.

 Claim 3 characterizes the construction of the inoculation unit, namely, the inoculation unit is made in the form of one or more channels equipped with overflow thresholds at the inlet and outlet and gates, with containers loaded with an immobilized algological polyinoculum installed inside each channel.

 The design of the channels of the inoculation unit is reflected in paragraph 4 of the claims, namely, the channels of the inoculation unit are equipped with aerators made in the form of piping with perforated elements for air outlet.

 Particularly favorable from the point of view of productivity, the placement of containers in the inoculation unit is reflected in paragraph 5 of the claims, namely the containers are installed with the possibility of placing them at an angle to the axis of the flow.

 The decision to perform a cascade of shallow ponds according to paragraph 6 of the claims provides the most effective and high-quality wastewater treatment from salts. Namely, the cascade of shallow ponds is equipped with at least two inoculation blocks and also ridges buried under the water mirror with aquatic plants planted on them, forming zigzag channels.

 The peculiarity of the implementation of the storage ponds is reflected in paragraph 7 of the claims, namely, at the water inlet to the storage ponds, shallow zones with aquatic plants planted on them are made.

 The technical progressiveness of the invention consists in the availability and originality of inoculation blocks included in the ponds of the complex, as well as in the originality of the structural scheme of the complex as a whole. Due to the distinguishing features noted above, the complex of facilities allows for more efficient treatment of highly mineralized mine wastewater year-round regardless of climatic conditions.

The invention is further explained in more detail based on the embodiments illustrated by the drawings. The drawings show:
FIG. 1 - primary storage pond; FIG. 2 - cascade of shallow ponds; FIG. 3 - storage pond of treated water; FIG. 4 - inoculation block, side view; FIG. 5 - inoculation block, top view.

 The complex contains a series-connected storage pond 1 (Fig. 1), a cascade of shallow ponds 2 (Fig. 2) and a treated pond storage pond 3.

 The storage pond 1 is equipped with an inoculation unit 4, and the cascade of shallow ponds 2 is equipped with inoculation units 5 and 6.

 The inoculation unit 4 (5, 6) is made of one or several channels 7, each of which is equipped with an inlet and outlet distribution 8 and receiving 9 trays, overflow thresholds 10 and gates 11.

 Inside each channel 7, containers 12 were installed with a load immobilized by an algological polyinoculum of the composition: 50-70% of the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and 30-50% of the biomass of Ankistrodermus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula.

 The channels 7 of the inoculation blocks 4, 5, 6 are equipped with aerators 13 made in the form of piping with perforated elements 14 for air outlet.

 In each block 4, 5, 6, the containers 12 are installed with the possibility of placing them at an angle to the axis of the stream 15.

 Shallow ponds 2 are equipped with ridges 16 buried under a water mirror with plants 17 planted on them, ridges 16 form zigzag channels 18.

 At the entrance of water to the storage ponds 1, 3 shallow areas 19 with water plants 20 planted on them are made.

 The complex has a jellied 21 and a drain 22 channels, and ponds 1, 3 are equipped with weirs 23.

When operating the complex, the following water plants are used:
bulrush,
narrow-leafed cattail,
common reed,
umbrella gander,
sedge bubble,
brilliant,
Canadian Elodea
small duckweed,
whirling whorled.

 An example embodiment of the invention.

 The inoculation unit 4 consists of 2-3 channels 7 connected in parallel through the water with the possibility of disconnecting each channel. Each channel 7 at the inlet and outlet has an aeration unit, for example, a falling jet. The channels are located at a certain distance (12-15 m) along the flow front. Channels 7 are a reinforced concrete tray with a width of 1.5 m, a side height of 1.2 m, a length of 20 m. At the entrance and at the exit there is an overflow threshold 10 with a visor to create a falling stream with a height of 0.5-0.8 m, and gates 11 to provide the ability to control and block the flow. In the channels 7 are installed containers (bags) 12 with a porous load immobilized by an algological polyinoculum - microorganisms and microalgae.

 Primary storage pond 1 has a capacity equal to 3 - 4-month volume of water discharge, to regulate spillway in winter. The inoculation block 5 is made structurally similar to block 4.

 The cascade of shallow ponds 2 has 4 to 6 ponds with a flat bottom with a depth of 1.2 - 1.5 m, with a dispersed inlet and discharge of water 23. The mirror area of shallow ponds is calculated by the volume of treated water and their chemical composition (pond width 50-75 m ) The hydrodynamics of ponds 2 should provide a channelless flow of wastewater. In each pond transverse ridges 16 are poured across the water inlet-outlet direction, forming a zigzag channel 18 and preventing the formation of stagnant zones. Partition ridges 16 are buried under the water mirror by 0.4-0.6 m and root plants are planted on them. Root plants are also planted in the areas of water entry and exit. Root plants are planted across the direction of movement of water on dump beds 16. These ridges alternate with free spaces where floating plants land.

 Ponds are equipped with bypass channels 3 and gates 11 to provide the ability to turn off each pond in order to carry out the necessary planting and cleaning work. On the one hand, there is a channel 21 for filling water (above the water level in the pond), and on the other hand, a channel for draining water 22 (below the bottom of the pond). Each pond has an embankment to prevent rainfall from entering the ponds, erosion of plantings and violation of the cleaning regime (total height of the sides of the ponds 2.5 - 2.8 m from the bottom of the ponds).

 The inoculation unit 6 is structurally similar to block 4. The inoculation unit 6 can be located at the end of the cascade of shallow ponds, as in FIG. 2 or between shallow ponds, for example, in front of the last pond of the cascade. The treated water storage pond 3 is made with a dispersed inlet of 3-4 points and a drain, a flat bottom, a depth of 1.5 m. The pond capacity is at least 30 daily volume of water discharge. A shallow part 19 is poured near the water inlet into the storage ponds at a distance of 20-30 m from the water inlet with a depth of 0.5-0.8 m for planting root plants 20. The bottom of all ponds is lined with clay with a thickness of at least 40 cm to prevent water infiltration and the consolidation and development of plants. Accumulation ponds 1, 3 have facilities for the complete discharge of water and are equipped with a bypass channel 23.

 The complex works as follows.

 Water pre-purified from suspended particles to a residual concentration of 5-10 mg / l is supplied to the treatment system.

 In storage pond 1, after inoculation block 4, primary treatment of effluents from oil products and residual flocculant concentrations occurs. The containers 12 of block 4 are filled with a specially selected algologically polyinoculum immobilized on a porous load. At the same time, water is enriched with oxygen at the inlet and outlet. Primary storage pond 1, planted with macrophytes, lower aquatic plants acts as a natural biofilter. The reservoir pond 1 is inoculated with bacteria and unicellular algae that destroy the oil film.

 The containers 12 of block 5 are filled with an algological polyinoculum immobilized on a porous load, which helps to recover calcium and magnesium salts.

 The cascade of shallow ponds 2 is filled with a diverse, specially selected community of aquatic organisms. This part of the complex carries the maximum load for the extraction of salts and organic pollutants from effluents.

 After inoculation block 6, the final extraction of iron salts occurs and the excess of blue-green algae is delayed.

 The storage pond 3 is used as a hydrobotanical site for the final post-treatment of runoff. The pond can be used for irrigation of farmland and fish farming.

 The complex allows the treatment of sewage from mine water from salts by 65-75% in summer and by 30-40% in winter.

 The system is cleaned of spent biomass at the end of the growing season with an interval of 3 to 4 years in the plots. Dead plants are removed from the system, an excess of biomass of immobilized microorganisms and algae is extracted.

 The accumulated biomass of algae and macrophytes without any additional processing can be used as a natural biologically active product. There are two ways to use it: as a feed additive or fertilizer for crops.

Claims (7)

 1. A complex of structures for biological wastewater treatment, containing series-connected ponds with higher aquatic plants, characterized in that the ponds of the complex are equipped with one or more inoculation units.  2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one storage pond, a cascade of shallow ponds and a pre-storage of purified water.  3. The complex according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the inoculation unit is made in the form of one or more channels, each of which is equipped with overflow thresholds and gates at the inlet and outlet, while containers with loading immobilized by the polyinoculum are installed inside each channel.  4. The complex according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the channels of the inoculation unit are equipped with aerators made in the form of piping with perforated elements for air outlet.  5. The complex according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each inoculation unit the containers are installed with the possibility of their placement at an angle to the flow axis.  6. The complex according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the shallow ponds are equipped with ridges buried under the water mirror with plants planted on them, forming zigzag channels.  7. The complex according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at the water inlet into the storage ponds shallow areas with water plants planted on them are made.

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