RU212015U1 - subsoiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of the soil. Subsoiler contains a frame with fastening elements to the tractor attachment system; deep-loosening racks mounted on the frame, at the end of each of which a chisel knife is fixed, side knives are fixed on the sides of the rack, and a central knife is installed in the middle part; a cultivator unit with a hydraulic height adjustment system mounted on the rear of the frame and including drums with teeth; adjustable wheel blocks in the front part of the frame on the sides, while the wheel block includes two brackets fixed by means of a locking pin on a tubular base connected to the wheel hub axle. EFFECT: simple and quick adjustment of the tillage depth.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for deep loosening of the soil.

Known subsoiler hinged (patent RU 46141, IPC A01V 13/08, publ. 06/27/2005), containing a V-shaped frame with fastening elements to the hinged system of the tractor, rippers mounted on the frame, and on the rear wall of the frame are pivotally mounted prikatnikov-aligners , consisting of two coaxial shafts with figured corrugated discs for additional crumbling and leveling the soil behind the rippers.

This device has a high energy intensity of the loosening process with curly corrugated discs, and the continuous incorporation of stubble into the soil leads to the development of soil erosion and a decrease in soil moisture accumulation.

Various designs of soil subsoilers (analogues) are known: GASPARDO (prospect of the company for the Artiglio model ripper), Kverneland. Some of these machines, like the Kverneland, have a frame with tools designed for deep soil loosening. However, they are not equipped with an additional device for leveling the furrows behind the ripper tines and additional crumbling of the soil to a shallow depth of up to 20 cm. In this regard, an additional pass of other machines is required for leveling and crumbling the soil after the subsoilers.

A well-known design of a subsoiler (utility model patent No. 205490, publ. 07/16/2021), containing a frame with brackets equipped with axles and additional axles, connected to the brackets through their axes, paws-rippers and a rolling tool attached to the frame. Paws-rippers are fixed on axles in brackets with connection with additional brackets, which are connected through damping elements with brackets. Additional brackets are fixedly fixed on the paws-rippers and are located with their free ends without axial attachment to the damping elements.

The disadvantage of the known solution is the complex design of the frame containing many brackets. The mechanism of folding and squeezing loosening elements occurs through a spring mechanism. This design of the node complicates the process of its replacement. A large number of hardware (screw) fasteners require periodic maintenance.

A mounted subsoiler is known (utility model patent No. 207679, publ. 11/11/2021), containing a frame with fastening elements to its hinged system. The working bodies-rippers mounted on the frame are racks with an increasing inclination from the bottom up, at the end of each rack there is a chisel knife with a forward relative to the center line of the rack, side knives are fixed on the sides of the rack with the ability to move in height to set the depth of the processed they cut the soil layer, in the middle part of the rack there is a central knife for cutting the soil layer. The racks are equipped with a safety system with detachable bolts, a cultivator unit with a hydraulic height adjustment system is installed on the rear of the frame, which is a drum with teeth. In the front part of the frame, adjustable wheel blocks are installed on the sides, each wheel block includes a body fixed to the frame, a bracket hinged to the body at one end, and a pneumatic wheel is fixed at the other end of the bracket, the wheel block lanyard is fixed at one end to the frame. case, and the other - on the bracket. The hydraulic control system for the cultivator block includes a hydraulic cylinder, a lever, guides, a turnbuckle of the cultivator block, which is fixed at one end to the end of the drum, and at the other to the hydraulic cylinder lever, there is a caprolon anti-friction support between the lever and the guides, the side knives on the racks have an L-shaped profile, and to move them in height, holes are made on the sides of the rack, while the fastening elements to the tractor hinged system are made in the form of interchangeable pins and bushings (selected for the prototype).

The disadvantage of the known solution is the difficulty in installing the wheel block and the long time spent on setting the depth due to the use of a threaded mechanism to increase or decrease the length of the turnbuckle.

The technical objective of the utility model is to create a highly efficient, reliable soil loosener with the ability to maintain the necessary moisture in the deep layers of the soil to obtain high crop yields.

EFFECT: simple and quick adjustment of the tillage depth.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the subsoiler contains a frame with fastening elements to the tractor attachment system; deep-loosening racks mounted on the frame, at the end of each of which a chisel knife is fixed, side knives are fixed on the sides of the rack, and a central knife is installed in the middle part; a cultivator unit with a hydraulic height adjustment system mounted on the rear of the frame and including drums with teeth; adjustable wheel blocks in the front part of the frame on the sides, while the wheel block includes two brackets fixed by means of a locking pin on a tubular base connected to the wheel hub axle.

The mounted subsoiler is designed for non-moldboard tillage to a depth of 45 cm, destruction of the plow pan, crushing and mixing of plant residues in the upper soil layers. Loosening without turning over preserves the organic composition of the soil, as a result - contributes to long-term fertility. With this method of tillage, the drainage properties of deep layers are improved, and the oxygen content in the soil increases. The subsoiler can be attached to an agricultural tractor (tractor) equipped with a three-point hitch of the 3rd and 4th category, as well as to a domestic tractor of the K700 type, which has its own size of attachments.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the subsoiler;

In FIG. 2 shows the frame design;

In FIG. 3 shows the wheel block of the subsoiler.

The mounted subsoiler consists of an all-welded frame 1 with attachment elements to the tractor hitch, deep-loosening racks 2, a cultivator unit 3, which serves to mix and grind plant residues and clods, and also acts as a track roller that controls the depth during operation of the subsoiler, a wheel unit 4 with loosening depth adjustment (figure 1).

Frame 1 perceives loads, transmits tractive forces of the tractor and provides reliable fastening of the working bodies-rippers.

Frame 1 (figure 2) consists of three beams 5 of rectangular section of the same length, the middle of which is located above the other two, located in the same plane, and interconnected at the ends by welded connecting end plates 6, and three beams 7 of rectangular section of smaller length connected to the beams 5 by means of welded intermediate strips 8. On the beams 7, brackets 9 are welded with a number of holes 10, in which fastening elements to the tractor hitch are installed, made in the form of bushings 11 and interchangeable fingers (not shown in the drawing), thanks to which it is possible attach the subsoiler to tractors with attachments of the 3rd and 4th category. On the frame 1 in the lower part of the beams 8, stops 12 are welded for the installation of deep-loosening racks 2. Depending on the number of working bodies-rippers, the design has different modifications with 5, 7, 9 and 11 racks. The implementation of the all-welded frame in the above configuration ensures its high reliability and rigidity. The use of a welded construction of reinforced beams made of high-strength steel makes the frame optimal for heavy work and powerful tractors, which allows you to work on high-density soils.

The working bodies-rippers are deep-loosening racks 2 made of alloy steel with an increasing slope from the bottom up, at the end of each rack 2 a knife-chisel 13 is fixed with a forward relative to the centerline of the rack 2, a central knife 14 and side knives 15 (figure 1).

To protect the frame 1 of the subsoiler, each post 2 is equipped with a protective tear-off bolt 16 (Fig. 1), which, when loaded on the upper part, breaks, freeing the post 2, which is in operation. This system protects the frame from damage.

For additional tillage after deep loosening, a cultivator block 3 is installed in the rear of the frame 1, designed to grind and level the passed soil surface, provides depth setting, and consists of at least two drums 17, on which teeth 18 are located.

The cultivator block 3 is equipped with a hydraulic control system, which includes a hydraulic cylinder 19, a lever 20, guides 21, a turnbuckle 22 of the cultivator block. The lanyard 22 is fixed at one end (fork) to the end of the drum 17 through the plate, the other end (hinge) - to the lever 20. The lanyard 22 of the cultivator block allows you to adjust the cultivator block, when the lanyard 22 is unscrewed, the parallelism of the drums 17 of the treated surface is ensured. Between the lever 20 and guides 21 there is a caprolon anti-friction support, which provides ease of sliding and eliminates metal-to-metal abrasion, which affects the durability and reliability of the subsoiler.

In the front part of the frame 1, on the sides on the right and left, wheel blocks 4 are installed, which provide an accurate setting of the depth of tillage.

Each wheel block 4 (figure 4) consists of two brackets 22, fixed by means of a locking pin 23 on the base, made in the form of a tube 24 of square section, connected to the axle 25 of the wheel hub 26.

The wheel block 4 is mounted on the frame 1 of the subsoiler with the help of brackets 27 and hardware 28. The height of the wheel block is adjusted by the fixing pin 23, while choosing the necessary from a number of holes in the bracket 22. Pneumatic wheels 26 have a sufficiently large diameter and width, which increases the permeability of the subsoiler , does not allow him to tie into the soil. The design of the wheel block with height adjustment means allows loosening the soil to a depth of 160 to 450 mm, while holding the subsoiler at the desired depth is ensured by a pneumatic wide wheel (770 ± 10) mm.

The deep loosener works as follows:

Start work at low speeds, gradually lowering the working bodies of rack 2 until the required depth is obtained. Gradual lowering is carried out with smooth adjustment of the position of the cultivator block 3 by a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 19 (Fig. 1). A constant depth of tillage during the operation of the subsoiler is ensured: in front - by a three-point attachment of the tractor and pneumatic wheels 26 with the possibility of their adjustment in height and inclination, at the rear - by adjusting the cultivator unit 3 using a hydraulic control system with hydraulic cylinders 19. The position of the cultivator unit 3 can be changed manual adjustment, by reinstalling the hydraulic cylinder 19 in additional holes in the guide 21 and adjusting the turnbuckle 22 of the cultivator block 3, when the turnbuckle 22 is unscrewed, the parallelism of the drums 17 of the cultivated surface is ensured in order to load or unload the earth between the drums 17.

To protect the frame 1, which is especially important when working with dense soils, each working body 2 has a protective tear-off bolt 16 to protect the subsoiler from extreme loads that may occur during its operation. The principle of operation of the protective bolt - each rack 2 is equipped with a protective tear-off bolt 16, which, when the permissible load is exceeded, comes off, releasing the rack 2 (Fig. 1) from the load.

Benefits of the utility model:

1. Fully welded frame design to withstand heavy loads, safety shear bolts ensure the machine will not collide with obstacles in deep soil loosening.

2. The large clearance above the ground (85 cm) and the design of the knives make it more efficient to dump the soil and nutrient residues under the subsoiler and prevent any clogging of the machine with soil clods.

3. Dual hydraulically adjustable rear roller allows adjustment from the tractor cab.

4. The depth of soil loosening is 45 cm, which ensures reliable moisture retention and ventilation of the fertile layer.

6. The unit works in such a way that it crushes crop residues and weed roots, driving the plant mass into the fertile layer, mixing it with the ground.

7. The knives are sharpened in such a way that they smoothly enter the ground, gradually sinking to the maximum depth. This helps to reduce the load on the working bodies and reduce fuel consumption even at peak loads.

8. The design of the wheel block allows you to effortlessly set the inclination and height of the wheels to ensure a given working depth.

Claims (3)

1. A subsoiler containing a frame with attachment elements to the tractor attachment system, deep-loosening racks mounted on the frame with knives fixed to them, a cultivator block with a hydraulic height adjustment system installed on the rear of the frame and including drums with teeth, adjustable wheel blocks in the front parts of the frame on the sides, characterized in that the wheel block includes two brackets, which are fixed by means of a locking pin on a tubular base connected to the axle of the wheel hub. 2. Subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that pneumatic wheels are used. 3. The subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic control system of the cultivator unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a lever, guides, a turnbuckle fixed at one end to the end of the drum, and at the other end to the hydraulic cylinder lever, while a caprolon anti-friction support is placed between the lever and the guides .

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